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1、2010年五校合作自主选拔通用基础测试英语原版扫描,欢迎购买！注总車项:1. 答卷ft考生务必将自己的姓名准考证号，乜|、|。2. 将答案耳在答spi：写在本试卷i：无效。3. 石试结束拆，将木试卷和答题k一并交冋。section i readingpart aread the following text. c9house the best word or phrase for each numbered blank. (3() points)learning theorists emphasize the role of environmental influences in shapin

2、g the way a person develops. 1 their view; child development is guided by both deliberate and _2_ learning experiences in the home, peer group, school, and community. therefore, childhood growth is significantly _3 by the eflorts of parents- teachers, and others to _4_ children in desirable ways. ac

3、cording to learning theories, the same 5 that explain how people can use a bicycle or computer also explain how children acquire social skills, emotional selt-control. reasoning strategies, and the 6 skills of walking and running.one kind of learning occurs when a chilcts actions are _7_ by a reward

4、 or punishment. a reward increases the probability that behavior will be repeated. for example, a young child may _8_ draw pictures because she receives praise from her parents after 9 each one. a punishment decreases the probability that behavior will be repealed for example, a child who touches a

5、hot stove and bums his fingertips is not 10 to touch the stove again._11_ kind of learning, classical conditionings occurs when a person makes a12 association between two events. for example, babies begin sucking when they are put in a familiar nursing _13_ children fear dogs whose barking has start

6、led them in the past.a third kind of learning _14_ of imitating the behavior of others. a boy may acquire his father 15 of talking, his mother's tendency to roll her eyes, and hisfavorite basketball player's moves _16_ the court. in doing so. he also acquires17 about the consequences of thes

7、e behaviors.learning theories provide extremely uselul ways of understanding how developmental changes in behavior and thinking _18_ and, tor some children, why behavior problems arise. i hese theories can be studied scientifically and practically applied critics point out. _19_. that learning theor

8、ists sometimes neglect children s20 role in their own understanding and development. 原版扫描,欢迎购买！1.aj for|b fromic ind with7j a unintendedb uninvolvedc undiscoveredd unlimited3.a achievedb createdc developedd shaped4.a moralize|b| recognizec socialize|d standardize5.a considerations|b instructionsc| p

9、rinciplesd tendencies6.a physicalb personalc originald technical7.a directedb followedc pursuedd| tracked&|a| continuously|b immediately|c| occasionallyd| regularly9.|a| completing|b| fulfilling|c| handling|d| obtaining10. a liableb likelyc possibled ready11.a anotherb nextc oned other12. a emot

10、ionalb intellectualc mentald spiritual13. a conditionb locationc positiond situation14. a containsb consistsc comprisesd composes15. aj customb meansicj typed style16.a overb oncl ind at17.a estimationsb evaluationsc explorationsd| expectations18. |a| appear|b| emergec exist|d occur19. |a| according

11、lyb however|c| moreover|) therefore20. a activeb dominantc positived socialpart bin the following article, some sentences or paragraphs have been removed. for questions 21 to 25. choose the most suitable one from the list a-f to ju into each of the numbered gaps. there is one w hich does not ju in a

12、ny of the aps. (15 points)horror stories about the food industry7 have long been with us 一 ever since 1906. when upton sinclair °s landmark novel the jungle told some ugly truths about how am erica produces its meat. in the century that followed, things got much betten and in some ways much wor

13、se, l he u.s. agricultural industry can now produce unlimited quantities of meat and grains at remarkably cheap prices. but it does so at a high cost to the environment, animals and humans. 21.add to the price tag theacceleration of global warming - our energy-intensive food system uses 19% of u.s.

14、fossil fuels, more than any other sector of the economy. *and perhaps worst of all our food is increasingly bad for us, even dangerous. 22. a food system that generates chcnp. filling food at the expense of healthier produce is also a major cause of america's widespread obesity. at a time when t

15、he nation is close to a civil war over health-care relornh obesity adds $147 billion a year to our doctor bills. "the wav we farm now is destructive of the soil, the environment and us." says doug gurian-shernian< a senior scientist with the food and environment program at the union of

16、concerned scientists.23.film documentaries like the highly critical food inc. and the work ofinvestigative journalists like eric schlosser and michael pollan are repeating sinclair *s work, awakening a sleeping public to the uncomfortable realities of how we eat. change is also coming from the very

17、top. first lady michelle obama's white i louse garden has so far yielded more than 225 lb. of organic produce - and tons of powerful symbolism 24.sustainable food is also more expensive thanconventional food and harder to find. and while large companies like general mills have opened organic div

18、isions, there is worry that lhe very dellnition of sustainability will be used by those companies only for their own good.but we can* t a fiord to remain in philosophizing about food. with the exhaustion of the soil, the impact of global warming and the inevitably rising price of oil 一 which will af

19、fect cvcn thing from fertilizer to supermarket electricity bills - our industrial style of food production will end sooner or later. 25.unless americansradically rethink the way they grovs and consume food, they face a future of damaged farmland< einptied-out counlrysidc. terrifying germs, higher

20、 health costs 一 and8taojuan.taobaoecomtasteless diet. sustainable food has an elitist reputation, but each of us depends on the soil animals and plants and as even larmer knows, if you dorf (take care of your land, it cant take care of you.原版扫描,欢迎购买!a some americans are paying attention to such warn

21、ings and working to transform the way the country eats 一 fanners who are raising sustainable food in ways that don't bankrupt the earth.|b| a series of recalls involving polluted foods this year including a case of salmonella poisoning from tainted peanuts that killed at least eight people and s

22、ickened 600 - has consumers rightly worried about the safety of their meals.c| but. despite increasing public awareness, sustainable agriculture remains a tiny enterprise: according to the most recent data from the u.s. departmcnl of agriculture< less than 1% of american cropland is farmed organi

23、cally.|i)| and when the rains come, the excess fertilizer that helped to take so much corn out of lhe ground will be washed into the mississippi river and down into the gulf of mexico where it will help kill llsh for miles and miles around.e those hidden prices arc the gradual damage of our rich far

24、mland, cages forhorrible rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among (arm animals.f as the developing world grows richer, hu nd reds of millions of people will want to shift to the same caloric-heavy, protcinrich diet that has made americans so unhealthy 一 demand for meat and poultry worldwide is se

25、t to rise 25% by 2015 一 but the earth can no longer deliver.part c26. read the following text and summarize it in chinese you should write approximately 200 characters. (20 points)原版扫描,欢迎购买！word travels quickly in the small fishing village of port washington. wisconsin. so when mardy mcgarrx wanted

26、to build a playground for kids with special needs, she knew it wouldn't take long to create interest in the project. but she never expected that 2.800 people 一 a third of the town 一 would roll up their sleeves and use their vacation days to bring her vision to life."a lot of learning comes

27、through play/* says mcgarry, 52, a special education teacher for 28 vears. but her students were too often left out. she d seen the wood chips and sand of traditional playgrounds stop wheelchairs dead in their tracks.mcoarn started researching play equipment and contacting design firms. when a piece

28、 of land became available, the city council agreed to give a portion for a playground if she would build it. mcgarry asked classrooms of kids for their wish list. "they all said pirate ships." she says. she also asked physical occupational and speech specialists for their input. and she br

29、ought on board her friend sue mayer, wiiusc cigin-ycar-uiu ouiil is uisauiuu. inciuici ui us ib guuu ai iiiuul umuii is why $450.000 didn't sound like a lot of money." mcgan v says of the initial estimate.i icr kiwanis club came through with $7.000, and that's when the grass-roots movem

30、ent really got started. one woman gave $25.000 and had her company match it. soon smaller businesses were joining in. families bought wood blocks for the fence at $30 apiece bricks for the walkways went for $50 to $750 each. i here were silent money-raising activities. 丁-shirt sales, a coin drive, a

31、nd a run-walk-and-roll-a-thon. the local pieper family foundation offered to donate half of the remaining $170.000 balance if mcgarn could raise the rest.the $450.000 covered materials, but the actual construction would cost an additional $900000. out of the question. but the community could build i

32、t. the design firm theyl selected. leathers & associates, had sent a 164-page hovv-to binder. all mcgarry needed now was 500 volunteers to work six 12hour days.on september 16. 200& the first day of construction, they came, fwo women heard about lhe projeci from a friend on the way to work a

33、nd took the day oil to help. a couple in their 80s manned the tool trailer. ten-year-olds sanded surfaces and cleared up wood pieces.“il was truly an amazing week." says mcgarry. "the site looked like an anthill.so many people can take ownership of this playground.only three "build ca

34、ptains/* sent by leathers & associates, were paid. volunteers with "build experience* became coordinators< those who could operate power tools formed a separate group, and so on 一 down to the runners/* one team served meals donated from local restaurants and churches, and anothcr organiz

35、ed activities for the children of volunteers.today. possibility playground is one of the most popular destinations in ozaukee counly. the finished wonderland, the length of a football field, sits on a slope overlooking lake michigan. i heres a giant rocking pirate ship, a lighthouse, a rock-climbing walk high and low rings, monkey bars, palm drums, sandboxes, swings, slides, bridges, and slip roads.all children play shoulder to shoulder, "【('s neat to see l ori fitting in." says c harlene landing of herfivc-ycar-old whcclchair-bound daughter. "someplaygrounds h