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1、精品资料欢迎下载定语从句( the attributive clause)一什么叫定语从句?一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。二定语从句的结构及种类1. 结构:关系词 +主语 +谓语 +其它2. 种类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三关系词的分类及关系词1. 关系代词: who, whom, whose, that ,which, as2. 关系副词: when, where, why四关系词的功用1. 起连接作用,引导定语从句2. 在定语从句中作一个成分主语,宾语,状语,定语,表语。五什么是先行词?被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。六关系词的用法1. who当先行词是指人得名词或代词,而且关系词在句
2、中作主语时,选who。The boy who is standing over there is Tom.He who doesntreach the Great Wall is not a true man.2. whom当先行词是指人得名词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选 whom. This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3. whose 当先行词是指人的名词,而且关系词在句中作定语时,选whose.This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory. 当先行词是指物的名词,而且关
3、系在句中作定语时,选whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4. that 当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作主语时,选 that. This is a machine that can walk. 当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作宾语时,选that.另外, that可以省略。I like the present (that) my father sent me. 当先行词是指人的名词,关系词也可选用that=who5.which当先行词是指物的名词时,关系词也可选用which ,它在句中作主语或宾语,w
4、hich=that6.下列情况下,关系词只能选用that 当先行词为不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything 时 Is there anything that I can do for you? 当先行词为不定代词all 时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well. 当先行词被all, some, any 修饰时These are all the things that I have done today.精品资料欢迎下载 当先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时This i
5、s the only computer that he often turns to for help. 当先行词被序数词,形容词最高级修饰时This is the cleaning room that you can see here. time 作先行词,前面有序数词或last 修饰时This is the last time that I ll give you pocket money. 尽管先行词指人,但关系词在句中作表语时。He is no longer the child that he used to be 20 years ago 以 who 开头的特殊疑问句,尽管先行词指人
6、。Who is the person that is sitting on the ground ? 当先行词包括人和物时。7. 下列情况下,关系词只能选which 在非限制性定语从句中。This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday. 先行词不是一个词,而是前面整个句子的概念时The boy is very polite, which makes his parents happy. 当先行词指物,用“介词+which ”This is the pen with which I often write.8.asAs 引导定语从句时,有四种情
7、况。 as 单独引导定语从句。As在句中作主语,宾语。As we all know (=As is known to us all), Yao Ming is a famous basketball player. the same as 与 一样 such as 和 一样Dontread such a book as you can tunderstand. as as 和 一样In this library, you can borrow as many books as you can.9. where 当先行词是指地点的名词,而且关系副词在句中作状语时,选where, where=介词
8、 +whichThis is the classroom where we study. 尽管先行词是指地点的名词, 但关系词在句中作主语, 宾语时, 只能选 that/which. This is the factory that/which makes paperThis is the factory(that/which) we visited yesterday. 尽管先行词是指地点的名词,关系词在句中作主语,宾语,但非限制性定语从句只能用 whichThis is the school, which he visited. the one 是代词,代替前面的名词,其后的that/wh
9、ich往往省略。Is this factory the one you visited? 当 situation, job, mark, race, point 等模糊概念的名词,关系词在句中作状语时,选whereYoud better make a mark where you have any questions. 尽管先行词是指地点的名词,关系词在句中作状语,但定语从句末有介词时,选精品资料欢迎下载which 。This is the lab which we do experiments in.10. when 当先行词是指时间的名词,而且关系副词在句中作状语时,选when, when
10、=介词+whichWe will never forget the days when we stayed with Mr. Smith. 尽管先行词是指时间的名词,但关系词在句中作主语,宾语时,选that 或 which 。Monday is the day which/that comes before Tuesday.We will never forget the days (that/which) we spent with him. 尽管先行词是指时间的名词,关系词在句中作主语,宾语,但非限制性定语从句只能选 which 。Wednesday is the day, which c
11、omes before Thursday. one 作替代词,代替前面表示时间的名词,其后的that/which 往往省略。That was an exciting moment, one I will remember forever. time 作先行词,前面有序数词或last 时,只能选that。Is this the third time that you have been late for school this week?11. why 当先行词是指表示原因的名词 reason 时,如果关系副词作状语,选 why , why=for which.This is the reaso
12、n why I didn tattend the meeting yesterday. 当先行词是表示原因的名词reason 时,如果关系副词在句中作宾语,选that/which,也可省略。My parents didn tbelieve the reason (that/ which) I give him.七介词 +which/whom1. 介词 +which/whom 介词的选择根据下面四种情况a. 根据定语从句中的谓语动词b. 根据定语从句中的形容词c. 根据定语从句所修饰的先行词d. 根据句意。 如果关系词指人,选whom ,如果关系词指物,选which 。2. 不定代词 +of+w
13、hich/whom常用的不定代词有: both, neither, either( 两者之一 ),all, none, many, most, some, any Mr. Li has two sons, both of whom are college students.There are 10.000 books in this library, most of which are interesting.3. 数词,分词,百分数 +of+which/whomThere are 50 students in our class, two thirds of whom are girls.4
14、. the+ 名词 +of+which=whose+ 名词He has just bought a magazine, the cover of which (=whose cover) is missing.5. 介词 +whose+名词精品资料欢迎下载This is our school teaching building, on whose top there is a red flag.八非限制性定语从句如果主语和定语从句之间有个逗号, 它就是非限制性定语从句。 引导非限制性的定语从句的关系词有: which , who, when, where, why, whom, whose.九
15、分隔性的定语从句有时定语从句和先行词之间被其他词隔开,把这种从句叫分隔性的定语从句。The days are gone when China used foreign oil.= Gone are the days when China used foreign oil.十 The way 作先行词,引导定语从句的关系词有三种情况:I don tlike the way _D_ you do things.A. thatB. in whichC. ×D. all of the above十一 . One of +the+ 复数名词 +定语从句,谓语动词用复数,that, in whi
16、ch省略。the only one of +the复数名词+定语从句,谓语动词用单数。He is one of the teachers in our school who teach well.He is the only one of the teachers in our school who teaches well.十二 . 在定语从句中,谓语动词的单数,复数依据它所修饰的先行词。 I, who am your teacher, will help you with everything. He who breaks the school rules should be punished. Those who break the schoo
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