英语语法专题--时态学案

1、形式时间一般进行完成现在dodoesam is doingarehave donehas过去did was doingwerehad done将来shall dowill过去将来should dowould一般现在时1.通常表示现阶段经常发生的动作、存在的状态或经常的习惯性动作，常和always, often, usually, every day, on Sundays, sometimes 等时间的状语连用。I go to school at 6 every morning.She is always ready to help others.2. 表示永恒的真理或者客观事实。The ea

2、rth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。3. 表示按规定或计划要发生的动作。常用的这类动词有：come, go, begin, start, leave, arrive, return, be, stop等。The film begins at 7: 30. 电影7: 30开始。The next bus leaves at 11: 00. 下一辆公共汽车11: 00离开。4. 在时间或者条件状语从句中，主句谓语动词是一般将来时，从句谓语动词用一般现在时。“主将从现”。I'll tell him the news when he comes back.5. 否定

3、形式：I dont like playing football. He doesnt like reading books.6. 一般疑问句：Do you like reading books? Yes, I do/ No, I dontDoes he like reading books? Yes, he does/ No, he doesnt即学即练1. 用动词的适当形式填空1. Does he_(like)_(jump) ? 2. _you study English at school ? Yes , I_. ( do ) 3. We _(go)to school at seven i

4、n the morning.4. Mike_(go)to school at seven in the morning5. I can _(draw) many beautiful pictures.6. I _(write) to you as soon as I _(get) to London.2. 改写句子I have many books.改为否定句：_改为一般疑问句+肯定回答_主语改为she:_对划线部分提问：_一般过去时1.表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。常用时间状语有：yesterday morning/afternoon, last night/month/year, t

5、hree days ago, in 1999,just now, at that time等。例：I was a student two years ago. 两年前我是一个学生。2. 一般过去时的句式结构：肯定句式：主语 + 过去式否定句式：主语 + 助动词didn't + 动词原形疑问句式：助动词Did + 主语 + 动词原形？特殊疑问句式：疑问词+did +主语+动词原形+其它？3. 般过去时的用法：(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。We saw her in a shop this morning. 今天早上我们看见她在一家商店里。(2)表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作

6、或行为。He usually went to school by bike last year. 他去年通常骑自行车去学校。My brother was often late for school last week. 上个星期我弟弟经常上学迟到。(3)表示刚刚发生的事情。What did you say? 你说什么？训练第一关：小小单词难不到我。请写出下列动词的过去式。  want      _     arrive    

7、   _    enjoy        _    go     _       buy     _   _   see     

8、   _ _   break  _   _     put    _          训练第二关：生病的句子能奈我何？请在仔细诊断每个句子后，把正确的句子写在横线上。1. We go to school early yesterday. _ 2. She buyed a dress la

9、st week. _ 3. Did you liked playing football ? _ 4. We didnt flew kites last month. _ 训练第三关：用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?4. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sundays? Yes, he _.5. Gao Shan _

10、 (put) up the picture last night.现在进行时1. 基本结构：1） 陈述句： am/is/are +doing2） 否定句：am/is/are +not+ doing3） 一般疑问句：Am/is/are + 主语+ 其他成分? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+be。否定回答：No, 主语+be+not。Theyre having a meeting. 他们在开会。Im studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。Is Mike coming home on Thursday？ 迈克星期四回来吗？Theyre having a party n

11、ext week. 下星期他们将开一个晚会。She is not working for the company now。 她现在已经不在这家公司上班了2. 用法1）“说话、写文章的当下”正在发生的动作。例如：They are having a football match .他们正在赛足球。2）“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生，而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着，或是重复地发生着。 He is preparing for CET - 6. 他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。How are you getting along with your n

12、ew job？ 你那份新工作干得怎么样？3） 有时，现在进行时也与always等副词连用，表示反复出现的习惯性动作，用以表达说话人赞扬，讨厌等情绪。例如：He is always thinking of others, not of himself.他总是为他人着想，而不为自己（表示赞许）。One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.我的一个室友老是乱扔东西（表示不满）。Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us.

13、有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品（表示不喜欢）。3. 特殊用法现在进行时表将来，主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作：Im leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。Theyre getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。现在进行时与一般现在时均可表示将来，区别是：用现在进行时表示将来，强调计划性；而一般现在时表示将来，则多指按时刻表或规定要发生的情况：eg. Im not going out this evening. 今晚我不准备出去。eg. What time does the train leave? 火车什么时候开? 4.即学即练：1. T

14、he boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_对The boy提问：_2. 用所给动词的正确形式填空1）Mr. Zhen _ (read) a book now.2).The rabbits _ (jump) now.3).Look! Tom and John _ (swim).过去进行时1. 基本结构：1） 陈述句：主语+was/were + doing2） 否定句：主语+was/were not +doing3） 一般疑问句：Was/were +主语+ doing? 肯定回答：yes , 主语+ was/were 否定回答：No，

15、主语+ was/were +not I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那时，我正在跟李华谈话。We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. 昨天这个时候杰克不是看电视。Was he repairing his bike? 他当时是在修理自行车吗？2. 用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。如：He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了3.

16、 特殊用法表示过去将来要发生的动作。例如：When National Day was coming near, they began to make a plan for the holiday.国庆节即将来临的时候，他们开始制订度假计划。She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。 4.即学即练：用所给动词的正确形式填空1）A: Was your father at home yesterday evening? B: Yes , he was. He _ (listen) to the radi

17、o.2）A: What _ you _ (do) at that time? B: We _ (watch) TV.单项选择1. I _ a meal when you _ me.A. cooked, were ringing B. was cooking, rang C. was cooking, were ringing D. cooked, rang2. He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.A. tries B. tried C. was trying D. will try综合练习：一用所给动词的正确形

18、式填空1. Listen! Someone _ (come).2. They _ (catch) butterflies yesterday.3. He _ (do) an experiment tomorrow.4. Tom _ (watch) TV in the dining room at 8 last night.5. Come on. They _ ( leave ) now.6. We _ (eat) fish tonight.7. My father _(work) for the company二单项选择1. While she _ TV, she _ a sound outs

19、ide the room.A. was watching, was hearing B. watched, was hearingC. watched, heard D. was watching, heard2. I will tell him as soon as he _ backA. come B. comes C. will come D. came3. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, _? _ , he does.A. does heNo B. does heYes C. doesn't heNo D. doesn't

20、heYes4. They _ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.A. were watching B. watch C .watched D are watching5. What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?A. did, read, was seeing B. did, read, sawC. were, reading, saw D. were, reading, was seeing6. _ a sports meet last Sunday? Yes , the

21、y _.A. Did they have did B. Did they have had C. Had they had D. Had they did 7. I _ to the cinema. I _ there every Sunday.A. gogo B. am going go C. go am going D. am goingam going8. _ you _out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I _.A. Didwentwent B. Did go went C. Did went did D. Did go did9. Lei Feng

22、_ always _ of others when he _ in the army.A. is, thinking, was B. was, thinking, is C. did, think, is D. was, thinking, was10. He often _ supper at 6:00 in the evening.A. have    B. has     c. is having     D. is eating11.His parents wanted to

23、know how he _ on with his new classmates.A. was getting B. gets C. is getting D. will get 12. We _ any Chinese classes on Friday.A. are having  B. arent having  C. dont have  D. are have13 -When did the computer crash? - This morning , while I _ the reading materials downloaded from s

24、ome websites. A. have sorted B. was sorting C. am sorting D. had sorted14 “ The moment _ soon,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously. A. came B. has come C. was coming D. is coming15Did you catch what I said ? - Sorry . I _ a text message just now.A. had answered B. have answered C. would answer

25、 D. was answering 现在完成时1. 句式结构：肯定句式：主语 + 助动词have(has) + 过去分词否定句式：主语 + 助动词haVe(has) + not + 过去分词疑问句式：助动词Have(Has) + 主语 + 过去分词2. 用法：表示动作在过去发生，且终止于过去，但其结果对现在仍有影响。常与以下时间状语连用：already（已经），just（刚刚），yet （已经，还），ever （曾经）, never （从不）, recently（最近）, the last few years（前几年）等。He has already gone there. 他已经去那里了。表

26、示开始于过去并持续至今，且还有可能继续下去的动作。此时通常可与表示一段时间的状语连用。They have stayed in the village for six years. 他们已经在这个村庄呆了六年。现在完成时常与“for + 表示时间段的词”或“since + 表示时间点的词”连用，前者表示“用了时间”，后者表示“自起”。We have studied here for five years. 我们已经在这儿学习了五年。He hasn't visited his parents again since 1999. 自1999年起他没有再次去看过他的父母。3. 特别提示：现在完

27、成时不能和表示过去的时间状语（yesterday, last night, two days ago, in 1998等）连用。英语的瞬间动词（arrive, come, go, begin, join, leave, die, buy, find, lose等）不能用于现在完成时与“for + 一段时间”的词组连用。 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有“for + 时间段”，“since + 时间点（从句）”，so far, up to / till now, in ( for,during ) the past / last years等。 在This / That / It is the f

28、irst / second / third / time （that ） 句型里，从句要用现在完成时。Its the first time I have come here. 这是我第一次来这儿。练习：1. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years.A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. .has written2. _ has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China?A. How soon, comes

29、B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived3. - _ you _ your homework yet ?-Yes . I _ it a moment ago .A. Did, do; finished B. Have, done ; finishedC. Have, done ; have finished D. will, do ; finish过去完成时基本结构： had + 动词的过去分词1. 发生在“过去的过去” When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 2.在过去某时之前开始一

30、直延续到这一时间 By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. 过去完成时解析一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即"过去的过去"。-|-|-|-> 过去的过去          过去           

31、0;   现在二、过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundr

32、ed trees before last Wednesday.2. 由"过去的过去"来判定。过去完成时表示"过去的过去"，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（ 1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中

33、0;在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：When I got to the station, the train had already left.After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Where did you study before you came her

34、e?After he closed the door, he left the classroom.3. 根据上、下文来判定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.练习：1. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned          B. was learning  

35、    C. had learned        D. learnt2. She _lived here for _ years.A. had,  a few      B. has,  several    C. had,  a lot of   D. has,  a great deal of3. By the time he was ten year

36、s old, he _.A.    has completed university                   B. has completed the universityB.    had completed an university         &

37、#160;      D. had completed university一般将来时1. 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算，计划或准备做某事。2. 基本结构：am/ is /are going to do She is going to go shopping tomorrow.will/shall +do I will/shall go to Beijing next week.一般疑问形式： be 放于句首，eg, Are you going to be a teacher when you grow up? will/shal

38、l 放于句首 eg, Shall /will we go shopping tomorrow?3. 注意：有时用现在进行时表示将来。 如， We are leaving for London. 我们就要动身去伦敦了。 She is going there tomorrow. 他明天要去那里。4. 用法：要在将来的某个时间内发生，是“纯粹的将来动作”。I shall / will not be free tomorrow. 表说话人的意图、打算或某种可能性Who is going to speak first? 按计划要发生的动作或命令他人做某事The new bridge is to open

39、 to traffic in 3 days. 练习：1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be2. Charlie _ here next month.A. isn't working B. doesn't working C. isn't going to working D. won't work3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free n

40、ext week.A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be 过去将来时概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常常用于宾语从句中。2基本结构：was/ were going to do She said she was going to see me the next day.would / should do I would/should come.一般疑问句：was/were 放于句首 Were they going to start a new job when I saw them then?当我见到他们时，他们正打算开始新的工作吗？would /should 放于句首 would he come the next day? 他第二天会来吗？练习：1. Jenny said she _her holiday in China.A. spent B. would spe