PulicFinanceManagement公共财政管理(2)

1、pulic finance management 公共财政管理the essential components of a public financial management system are collection of sufficient resources from the economy in an appropriate manner along with allocating, use of these resources efficiently and effectively constitute good flnancial management. resource ge

2、neration, resource allocation and expenditure management are public finance management basically deals with all aspects of resource mobilization and expenditure management in government.just as managing finances is a critical function of management in any organization, similarly public finance manag

3、ement is an essential part of the governance process. public finance management includes the budgetary process, debt process,government investation and so on.and every process is covered in one or more government department.in this course,our class are divided by some groups.every group made a reser

4、ch or interview about every specific public finance management department.my group went to national treasury deparment in wenjiang distrcit,chengdu city.we came there to meet the director and gave him an interview about how's going in his department.national treasury is a government department r

5、elated to public finance and taxation.according to the defination from imf (international monetay fund), the national treasury controls the excution of budget, take care of national asset and debt on behalf of government.in china, it is a bank organization which in charge of accepting,saving keep an

6、d payment of budget fund.1. delegation bank代理银行问题at first, national treasury is a bank organization which deals with the collection and payment of budget fund.usually, there are three forms.firstly, it is a simple public finance insititution and independent from any banks.secondly, it is a saving in

7、stitution which delegated by central bank.thirdly, it is a saving institution delegated by commercial banks.in china and most coutries,people use delegation treasury,which means that delegable banks help manage the budget fund.in china, people's bank of china is the delegable bank of national tr

8、easury.and there's still some country will establish special organization to do that job.2. the functions国库的功能national treasury has three functions:manage budget fund,get information feedback and carry out policy.lt is a interal organization for management of budget fund in people's bank of

9、china.manage budget fund:national treasury collects and divides the budget revenue.national treasury will divide the revenue which already get in the treasury acorrding to the fiscal system.for example, value-added tax is a sharing tax by four level government 中央省山县.when national treasury receive th

10、e tax which paid by enterprises, it will tranfer the tax into other related accounts automatically according to the proporation.besieds, national treasury aslo pays the budget expenditure.get information feedback: report the true executive condition of budget income and outcome to higer level of nat

11、ional treasury and same level of public finance department.carry out policy:to some enterprises which don't pay the tax, national treasury can deduct the tax money through bank accouts.national treasury divide the tax revenue automatically.for example, value-added tax is a sharing tax by four le

12、vel government 中央省山县.when national treasury receive the tax which paid by enterprises, it will tranfer the tax into other related accounts automatically according to the proporation.from those three funcitons, we can see that national treasury is not only a bank accout, but also an important tool to

13、 manage public finance3the sytem of national treasury 国库的体系national treasury is a system.just like fiscal system, from central government to local government, every level government has national treasury and they are leaded by people's bank of china.中央/省/市/乡4国库集中收付制度 treasury concentrated paymen

14、t systemtreasuiy concentrated payment system means that government take all the financial fund into treasury accout to manage.all the revenue pays directly to treasury or specail accout(extra budget fund), and all the spending gives commodity and service providers directly through treasury payment s

15、ystem.backgrounds建立的必要性in china, we started to build treasury concentrated payment system since 2001.before that, we divided the budget accouting as general accouting, administrative department accouting and institutional organization's accouting.since they are independent accouting subject?they

16、 set up their own bank accouts ,manage the fund independently.this system had lots problems:©there are lots of bank accouts.the activities of public fund are not transparent and open.and it's not good to manage efficiently and supervise.waste, misappropriation or diversion of public fund al

17、ways happened. the feedback information about the revenue and expenditure of public fund is very slow.every department has lots of bank accouts and it will take a long time to collect entire feedback the public revenue took a long time to get into national treaury.huge amout of public revenue were s

18、tuck in departments.lt reduced the efficieny.from those reasons, china started to build the treasury concentrated syste m.details 具体内容build the accouts system(1) the simple account of natioanl treasury:the treasury accounts which pubic finance department open in peopled bank of china.lt is used to r

19、ecord, accout and reflect the activities of budget fund.and the simple account of national treasury clear up accounts with the zero-balance account.and also, the simple account is divided into two parts: revenue and spending.the revenue account is managed as budget accounts and the spending account

20、is managed as the functions of fund, which exactly like the government budget.(2) zero-balance account: public finance departments open the zero-balance account in commercial bank to pay directly and clear up with the simple account.budget units are allowed to open zero-balance in commercial bank to

21、 be authorised to pay and clear up.whatever the zero-balance accounts opened by financial department or buget units, at the end of day, all the bank balance should be sent into simple accout of natioanl treasury.只用于工资、购买支出、补助和授权支付(3) petty cash account: financial department open the petty each accou

22、nt for the budget units to record, account the reflect the activities of small amount fund.lt is also one kind of zero-balance account and need to clearup with simple accout.零星支出(4) special account:the special account manages the extrabudgetary funds.and also, it is divided into two part: spending a

23、nd income.they record, accout and reflect the activities of extrabudgetary funds国库单一账户体系图示how to collect the revenue?after establish the treasury concentrated payment system, there are two methods to collect public revenue.directly get into treasury:the organizations or people send the revenue direc

24、tly into the simple account of national treasury or special accout.for example, the tax payer offers to pay the tax, after exmined by taxation institutions, he can send the tax money directly to the the simple account of national treasury from his own accoutsconcentrated get into treasury:govemment

25、collecting offices collect all the revenue and sent them together into the he simple account of national treasury or special accout®how to pay the expenditure?public finance departments divide the expenditure as wages, purchase and transfer expenditures.according to different types of expenditu

26、re, we use two payment method direct pay:financial departments issue the order of payment, then through treasury concentrated payment system, man can sent the money directly to the receiver.it includes: wages to individual, purchase expenditure (budget unit offer budget, plan, and purchase contract,

27、and then financial department examine, give the money) and subsidy for enterprises.all of these direct payment are going with bank transfers or check.authorise to pay:budget units apply for the monthly limit spending from national treasury.after approved, national treasury tells the delegable bank a

28、nd budget units.budget units issue the order of payment according to the financial authorization and still sent the money through the treasury concentrated payment system.under this system, every department woift have any bank accouts.treasury concentrated payment system is helpful to manage and supervise budget fund,and control government purchase acitivities.in wenjiang treasury department,there are six people:director,one chief accoutan