The Quantm Model of the Atom Wayne County Public ：原子的韦恩县公共的量子模型

1、electron configurationsthe big questions how are electrons arranged in atoms? how can we represent the arrangement of electrons in atoms?electron structure in a neutral atom, electrons = atomic number. electrons are arr. into energy levels.n = 1n = 3n = 4more energynucleusn = 2simple model of a pota

2、ssium atomelectron structure energy levels are divided into sublevels. four types: s p d felectron structure sublevels are made of orbitals. orbital a zone of probability. each orbital can hold up to 2 electrons. sublevel type / # of orbitals / # of e- s / 1 orbital / 2 electrons p / 3 orbitals / 6

3、electrons d / 5 orbitals / 10 electrons f / 7 orbitals / 14 electronss, p, d, and f orbitalsn = 11s12n = 22s122p36n = 33s123p363d510n = 44s124p364d5104f714energy levelsublevelorbitalselectronselectron structure aufbau principle electrons fill lowest sublevels first. aufbau = german for “building up”

4、. energy levels overlap. expected order: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f. actual order: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f.aufbau principle1s2s2p3s3p3d4s4p4d4f5s5p5d6s6pincreasing energyelectron configuration1s2s2p3s3p3d4s4p4d4f5s5p5d5f6s6p6d7s7pelectron configurations1s2s3s4s5s6s7s3p3d4d5d6d2p4p5

5、p6p7p1s4f5f1st row2nd row3rd row4th row5th row6th row7th row6th row7th rowrow number 1 row number 2 electron configurations what is the electron configuration for h? h has 1 e- what is the electron configuration for he? he has 2 e-1s2s2p3s3p3d4s4p4d4f5s5p5d5f6s6p6d7s7p1s11s2electron configurations w

6、hat is the e- config. for lithium? what is the e- config. for oxygen?1s2s2p3s3p3d4s4p4d4f5s5p5d5f6s6p6d7s7p1s21s22s12s22p4electron configurations what is the e- config. for iron? what is the e- config. for iodine?1s2s2p3s3p3d4s4p4d4f5s5p5d5f6s6p6d7s7p1s22s22p63s23p64s23d61s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s2

7、4d105p5noble gas core configuration noble gases: group 8a he, ne, ar, kr, rn, xe, element 118 e- configuration for mg (element 12): 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 e- configuration for ne (element 10): 1s2 2s2 2p6 noble gas core configuration for mg: ne 3s21s2 2s2 2p61s2 2s2 2p6noble gas core configuration to write

8、 ngcc: find your element. find the noble gas (group 8a) before your element. write the noble gas in brackets. add electrons to the noble gas until you reach your element. do not start at 1s. start with the s-type sublevel on the same row as your element.noble gas core configuration write the ngcc fo

9、r bismuth (element 83) previous noble gas: xenon (element 54) bismuth is on row 6, so start with 6s2. brings the total up to 56. proceed to 4f14. brings the total up to 70. proceed to 5d10. brings the total up to 80. proceed to 6p3. brings the total up to 83. done!xe 6s24f145d106p3noble gas core configuration write the n