托福写作同义词替换词(全).doc

1、同义词替换词国内考生常用的表达things that one tries hard1to do2 The fact is that ?3 joy4 sadness5 danger6 education7 advertisement/ advertising8 car9 economic crisis10famous peoplehuman beings （备考生使更得分的表达方式名词one's undertakings/ one's commitmentsThe reality is that?happiness/delight/ enjoymentsorrow/ griefh

2、azard/ peril ( 后面这个词语气很强， 危险程度非同一般 ) 派生 dangerous ； hazardousschooling （指学校教育，家庭教育则用 upbringing/ parenting ） 区分 家庭教育的两个词 upbringing 是从孩子的角度说的，比如 children's upbringing ；而 parenting 是从家长的角度来说，比如 sensible parenting.如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使用 advertisement/ advertising 有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化，比如 comm

3、ercials （电视或者互联网上的广告）， flyers （传单广告，北京最常见的形式就是“135* ，办证”），billboards（大幅的广告牌）或者 non-profitadvertisements=public-interest advertisements （公益广告）Automobileeconomic meltdown （很接近） /recession （这个一般仅仅还是衰退） /the Great Depression （这个则是特指 1929 年开始的那次了）celebrities （单数为 celebrity ）humanity （注意这个词的单数指人类，复数11用过多）

4、指人文学科） /the human racefortune(s) （ fortune 作财富的意思时可以加复12 wealth13 相关 rich14 skill15 派生 skilled数）wealthy/ affluent (adj.)注意这个词的正确解释是技能technique(或者方法，而不是technology 科技 )adept/ adroit (adj.)16 method17 field18 understanding of19 choice20 cooperationbasic structure in a city or21a country22 tiredness for

5、 a long time23 is a must of24 the Internet25 honesty26 strong belief27 aim28 worries29 influence30 influence on each other31 many different kinds ofwrong ideas held by many32people33 fame34 range35 sense36 part37 wise38 gapa system for a particular39purpose40 a solution to sth.41 bad students42 bad

6、behaviormethodology ( 国外学术写作中超级常用的词，基本就是 method 的故作高深版）sphere/ domain/ arena grasp of/ command of Option collaborationInfrastructureFatigueis a prerequisite for （是 ? 的必备先决条件） the information highway( 一篇考生作文里Internet 被使用十几次是常事儿) integrity faith (in) Intentionanxieties ( 是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）impact/ reperc

7、ussion/ implicationmutual influence （类似的表达还有 mutual respect, mutual trust 和 mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/ interplay between A and Ba variety of a ? wide/ array of?/ideawrange?of ?Misconceptionsprestige/ sterling reputation spectrum recognitioncomponent （这个词不仅指零件，在学术写作中也经常指“部分”）相

8、关 sensible (adj.)Disparity a mechanism for ,a remedy for sth.（生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同） unruly students/ disruptive students unethical behavior/ immoral behavior43organizations that helppoor peoplecharities/ charitable organizations44differenceDistinction45 派生 be different fromb

9、e distinct from (adj.)46personIndividual47personalitydisposition48businessesenterprises （这里指企业）49prices that are too highexorbitant prices50the rate of ?the incidence of （ ?后面一般跟坏事儿，比如unemployment/ crime/ a disease）51intense enthusiasmzeal/ passion52cultural globalization（有过多人使用这个词）global cultural h

10、omogenization53a thing that is necessarya necessity54a thing that is new andinterestinga novelty55a thing that is rarea rarity56things that people are notsure aboutUncertainties57a world languagea universal language58friendsCompanions59relaxationrecreation60self-respectself-esteem and dignity61respe

11、ct sb./ sth.hold sb./ sth. in high regard62 反义 look down on?treat ? with contempt despise=(v.)63self-controlself-discipline64criminalConvict65prisonerInmate66drinksalcoholic beverages67people who walk on thestreetPedestrians68old generations in historyAncestors69a person who benefitsfrom sth.a benef

12、iciary of sth.70a disease that spreadsan epidemic （注意这个词虽然是-ic 结尾，却quickly不是形容词）71a very unpleasant way oflifeMisery adj-> miserable72a task that requires lots ofeffortan arduous task73emotionsentiment74enemyopponent/ foe75 narrow minds76 a way to do sth.77 hobby78 progress79 failure80 importance

13、81 duty82 difficultypressure from your83classmates84citizens who can workproblems or diseases that85exist for a long timea life without regular86exercise87 result88 thoughts89 the lack of knowledge90 harm (n.)insular minds （狭隘的头脑或者观念）an approach to doing sth./an avenue towardssth. pastime / diversio

14、nprogression （经常指抽象的进步，比如写关于 society/ career/ technology 的话题）setback （注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格） significance （当你用了一次 importance 之后，第二次不妨用这个）obligation （用于比较重要的责任）hindrance/ impediment/ hurdlespeer pressurelabor force/ workforce （都是总体概念，而且注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格）persistent problems/chronic diseasesa sedentary life

15、styleconsequence （表示消极的结果更多一些） considerationsignorance （注意在地道英文里， 这个词经常并不表示“忽视”，而是表示“无知”）adverse effectdamage destroy/ ruin （这两个词比 damage程度更重） spoil（后面跟 the cityscape/ scenery/91harm (vt.)environment ） undermine （后面跟抽象概念，比如 stability/ social order/ harmony）jeopardize （后面跟抽象概念，比如one'sfuture/ one&

16、#39;s career ）tarnish （后面跟 one'sreputation/ image ）sap/ dampen （后面跟 one'senthusiasm/ interest/ confidence ）92 派生 harmfuldetrimental (adj.)93 派生 be harmful to pose a threat to94bad luckMisfortune95troubleadversity/ dilemma/ predicament/ hardship96crimeoffense/ criminal act97youth crime juveni

17、le delinquency98criminaloffender/ culprit/ perpetrator99serious crimeheinous crime/ felony100a minor crimea misdemeanor101shortage (of)scarcity (of)/ dearth (of)102the only onean exception103 places where animals live Habitat形容词104worrying disturbing105very popularprevalent/ ubiquitous106TRUEgenuine

18、 (truly a genuinely)107deepprofound （深刻的，后面经常跟wisdom/ truths/understanding/ impact/ thoughts）108strongpowerful/ mighty109weak vulnerable110hard-workingindustrious （注意不是 industrial ，而 diligent 那个词在美语中是个挺大的词）111very disappointingLamentable 可悲的 / pathetic112be good (for)be beneficial (to) = be in the b

19、est interests (of)113be not as good asbe inferior to114be better thanbe superior to115uninterestingmundane （注意这个词其实再美国很多时候并116many不是“世俗的”意思 /humdrum（注意要跟可数名词）numerous117complicatedIntricate118strangeodd/ bizarre/ eccentric （单 weird 有点过于口语化了）119cannot be turned backbe irreversible120produce useful re

20、sultsProductive121practical realistic122maturesophisticated （这个词指人的时候意思是思维成熟老练的）123selfishself-centered/ materialistic/ego-centric124proud （贬义）Conceited125suitableFitting126most suitableOptimal127lonelyisolated/ alienated128aloneSolitary129 be easily influenced by sth.130 is better than131 not as go

21、od as?132 be the same133 interesting134 boring135 useless136 smart137 famous138 positive139 happy140 enjoyable141 can be used142 hard to understand143 (laws/ rules/ people) not strict144 healthy145 good for the envrionment146 nervous/ anxious147 doubt sth.148 fair149 unfair150 huge151 small152 have

22、many different abilities153 be familiar with154 very successful/ admirable155 proper156 typical157 exact158 uglybe susceptible to sth. （一般是坏事情，比如 a disease/ attacks ）is superior tois inferior tobe identical/ be homogenous/ be uniform （后面两个词比较正式，一般是说 cultural globalization的时候常用，现在理解为什么小幅的名词叫 school u

23、niforms 了吧，就是让大家都看起来一样的衣服）stimulatingmonotonous/ repetitiveRedundantIntelligentRenowneddesirable/ encouragingDelightedDelightfulbe availablebewildering/ baffling/ confusingLenientwholesome （注意说人的健康还是要用healthy ，但是如果说事物有益健康，就可以用wholesome ）eco-friendly （比如 Biking is far more eco-friendlythan driving th

24、eir SUVs. ）apprehensivebe skeptical about sth.justifiedunwarranted/ unjustifiableenormous/ massive/ vast/ colossaltiny/ miniscule （后面一般跟抽象名词）be versatile/ be well-roundedbe well-acquainted withDistinguishedAppropriatequintessential （这个语气非常强）precise/ accurateUnsightly159poor-qualitysubstandard(housin

25、g/ accommodation/ work/goods/ machines)the current ? / the existing （比如? the current160the present ?financial crisis/ the existing environmentalproblems)161outdatedantiquated/obsolete162highly-respectedEsteemed163complete(adj.)/ wholeEntire164spend a lot of moneylead an extravagant/ a lavish life165

26、openenlightened/ progressive（开明的，逐步的，经常用来形容 govern-ment或者 society ）166sth. must be carried out sth. is compulsory/ sth. is mandatory167with long history（后面经常跟抽象名词，比如time-honoredtradition/ practice/ methods/ heritage）168continuing foreverPerpetual169importantsignificant essential vital( 这三个词的重要性依次递增

27、)170very attractivevery appealing/ fascinating/ captivating171very carefulCautious172be very interested inbe absorbed in/ be engrossed in173be qualified forbe eligible for174disappointingFrustrating175wrongErroneous176long and a bitLengthyannoying177very difficultdaunting/ formidable178being spread

28、inrampant（后面经常跟负面现象，比如crime,uncontrolled waypollution或者 discrimination ）179cruelinhumane/ merciless180fatoverweight/ obese （后面这个已经胖出病了）181having wrong opinionsskewed/ biased （这两个词一般在 IELTS 媒体类话题使用，表示 “有偏见的”）182including many thingscomprehensive （综合的，全面的）183enoughadequate/ sufficient/ ample/ abundant

29、 （注意这四个词的语气是逐渐递增的)184too muchExcessive185very littleminimal（注意不是 minimum ）186 cause bad effects187 strict188 urgent189 quiet190 make sth. strong191 make sth. weak192 make sth. better193 make sth. worsecontrol?(a negative194trend)195 stop196 manage sth.197 appear198 die out199 fail to see200 set ? fr

30、ee201 beginnarrow/ bridge the gap202 between A and B( 注意这里 bridge 作动词）203 be forced to do sth.keep complaining204about sth.205 try hard to do sth.206 do sth.207 do not do sth.208 carry out209 turn ? into ?counterproductive （其实地道英文写作里这个词不见得和生产有关， 只要阻止人们达到目的， 都可以写它 counterproductive)stringent （后面一般跟la

31、ws, measures或者 rules ）pressing (problems)tranquil and serene （美语中这两个词经常可以连在一起用）动词strengthen/ fortify/ reinforce/ consolidate sth.weaken/ erode （侵蚀）enhance/ better （很少看到国内考生用 better 当动词，其实在学术写作中 better sth 是.挺常见的表达 ）aggravate/ exacerbate sth.curb ?(crime/ pollution/ economic recessions)Cease regulate

32、 sth./oversee sth.emerge/ arise （后者的主语一般是抽象概念，比如 debate ） goextinct neglect/overlookrelease (prisoners/ stress)commence/ initiate ( 后者跟抽象概念更多，比如 initiate the conflict)反义 widen the gap between A and B be compelled to do sth.grumble about sth. pursue sth.(one's goal/one's career/ business inte

33、rests/ maximum profit/ hegemony) perform/ conduct （注意这里的 perform 不是“表演”而是“从事”）refrain from doing sth.Implementconvert ? to/ into?210 decrease211 make a crime212 commit a crime again213 punish214 派生 punishment215 spread216 develop fast217 develop （这里作“培养”的意思218 相关 fast-developing219 accept220 build22

34、1 gather222 measure223 teach sth.224 start225 support226 praise227 support228 prove/ confirm229 createdecline/ dwindle （特指逐渐缓慢的减少） / dip/ slip (后两个词用来指短促的下降 )commit a crime （注意作文中不要用 make a crime 这样不地道的英文）revert to crime （这里的 crime 作不可数名词）PenalizePenaltypropagate/ disseminate （这两个词后面经常跟 information/

35、 ideas/ belief 这类名词） flourish/ thrivecultivate/ foster/ nurture （这三个词后面经常跟和教育有关的名词，比如 an interest in social issues ）Burgeoningadopt （注意这个词不是 adapt 适应，而是接纳，采纳的意思）Constructgarner ，但这个词只能用在很正式的意思，而且略有贬义，比如 garner funding, garner support during the UN climate conference at Copenhagengauge, 比 measure 稍正式

36、一点impart sth./ inculcate sth.（注意如果teach 后面是人则不要替换）initiate 多用于政府类话题espouse ，后面跟某种重要的事业，类似的还有动词 champion （作动词不是冠军的意思了）和动词 sanction （它作名词则变成了“制裁”） compliment/ extol （后面这个语气很强） buttress/ bolsterVerifygenerate （一般是大规模的产生，比如generateemployment opportunities/ generate tax revenue/electricity) breed （一般是产生消

37、极的东西，比如conflict/ crime/ resentment） spawn （一般是产生新事物，比如spawn inventions/ innovations）230 use231 use? again232 work hard233 get234 consider235 meet236 provide sth.237 need238 like sth. very much239 be unhappy about240 ask for241 raise242 look like sth.243 treat ? poorly244 consider sth. valuable245 ke

38、ep246 mix? together247 solve248 noticeunderstand ?to249mean ?/ to be ?choose sth./ choose to250do sth.251achieveappear in large252numbers253 make ? less serious254 pay? for (one's loss) utilize/exploit Recyclework assiduously acquire （注意 acquire/ gain knowledge比learn knowledge在地道英文中更加常见）contempl

39、ate/ reflect on/ponderencounter ，多用于政府，文化或者 success 这样偏大一些的话题afford sth. （在正式英文写作中， afford 经常可以表示“提供”require （注意主语如果是人称则一般还需要使用 need ，但如果主语是事物，则可以改用 require ）have an affinity for sth./ have a strong attachment to plain about (v.)/ be discontended with (adj.)Requestelevate ，就是正式版的 raise ，但只是“提

40、高”而不能表示抚养小孩的意思resemble sth.mistreat? / abuse ?value sth./ treasure sth./ cherish sth. maintain/ preserve （这个词后面经常跟traditions/ cultural heritage/ wild animals/ natural resources 等）blend/ combine/ synthesizetackle/ combat/ addressDiscerninterpret ? as（ ?很多时候这个词并不是口译，而是把 ?理解为 ? ）opt for sth./ opt to do

41、 sth.fulfill (one's dream/ one's goal/ one's potential/one's obligation/ one's promise/ one's task)sprout up/ mushroomrelieve/ ease/ alleviate （作文中经常用到的搭配有 relieve stress/ alleviate poverty/ ease the trafficcongestion 等）compensate ? for ?255 pay? for (one's effort)256 mak

42、e sth. faster257 join258 outweight259 contribute toprevent the260development of?261find out262encourage sb. to?263 like sth. very much264 dislike sth. very much265 hate266 limit267 avoid268is not limited to?269 be so surprised270 decide271 move to ?272 come from ?273 improve274 waste275 attack276 re

43、duce277 increase278 help279 help (n.)280 set up281 try to do sth.282 try hard to do sth.283 changereward ? for ?accelerate sth./ speed up sth.participate inprevail over （大家应该已经注意到了，新托福议论文的题目中经常出现 outweight 这个词用来比较事物的重要性或者利弊， 在作文中最好不要重复考题中出现过的特征词汇）promote/ facilitate （这两个词都是及物动词，所以不需要跟 to ）hinder/imp

44、ede/ inhibit/ obstruct? identifymotivate sb. to,adore sth.abhor/ detest/ loatheresent/ hold a grudge againstrestrict/ constrain bypass/ eschew/ shunis not restricted to? / is not confined （经 to 常用 ?来描述一个 trend不仅限于某个范围）be astonished/ be astounded/ be startledDeterminerelocate to ? / have been relocated to?originate from/ in?boost/ enhance （比如 boost solidarity增进团结/ enhance productivity 提高生产率） use ? lavishlyassail （语气更强烈）curtail （多用于政府投资类话题） /diminish （多用于文化类或者发展类中的抽象话题）augment （多用于政府投资类话题）AssistAssistanceEstablishattempt to do s