情态动词(讲解版)

1、.Modal Verbs情态动词定义：表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词叫情态动词。情态动词语法特征1）情态动词不能单独作谓语，没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。2）情态动词的否定式是在情态动词后面直接+not。3）情态动词的疑问式是把情态动词提到主语前。主要情态动词.;can, could（be able to）may, might must （have to） will, would shall, should ought to need dare情态动词的用法I. can/ could1. _Can_ you speak Japanese? Just a little.

2、2. Only the judge _can_ save her from prison. 3. I _could_ drive a car before I left middle school. 4. It was so dark that I _could_ see nothing. Note: 表能力、有权力 （could是can的过去式）5. -_Can/Could _ I go home now? -Yes, you can. No, you cant.6. -_Can/Could_ I speak to Andrew?7. You _cant_（not）smoke here.No

3、te: （口语）允许、请求，表可以 (could非can的过去式，表委婉)8. It _can_/could _ be very cold here, even in spring.9. She is clever, but she _can_/could_ be dull sometimes. Note: （表示偶然现象发生的可能性）有时会，时而可能10. It _cant_/couldnt_(not) be my father. He is abroad now.11. There is someone outside. Who _can_ it be?12. You _cant/coul

4、dnt have seen him_ (not see) him. He was not there.13. She _ cant/couldnt have been _(not be) more than six then.14. He _ cant/couldnt have finished_ (not finish) the work last night without your help.Note: 表推测（否定、疑问句）15. He _could have told_(tell) me the answer but he refused to.Note: 过去本能做而没有做16.

5、You _cannot/ can never_ do the work too well.17. You _cannot /can never_ be careful enough in your study.Note: cannottoo; can never. too; cannot enough再都不为过；越越好can & be able to区别：1. can 只有两种时态 现在时can & 过去时 could be able to 有各种时态 2. 用于一般所具有的能力，可以互换，但是当表示成功做到时，通常用be able to或manage to 1. He _ca

6、n/is able to_ write music.2. We shall _be able to_ finish the work soon.3. I havent _been able to_ find the book.4. He _could/was able to_ swim like a fish when he was young.5. I talked with her for a long time and finally I _was able to_ make her believe me.6. The fire spread through the building q

7、uickly but everybody _was able to /managed_ to escape. II. may/might1. -_May_ I leave now? -Yes, you _may_./Yes，please.-No, you _may not /cant/mustnt_.2. He asked if he _might_ use the phone.3. We start early so that we _may/might_ arrive in time.Note: （允许、请求）可以4. _May_ you be happy all your life.No

8、te: 祝、愿5. John is absent. He _may/might_ be ill.6. It _may/might_ rain tomorrow or it _may/might_ be merely cloudy.7. I cant find my book. I _may/might have left_(leave) it in your office just now.8. You know this story very well. You _may/might have read_(read) it before.Note: 表推测9. We start early

9、so that we _may _ arrive in time.10. I wrote down his telephone number so that I _might_ remember it.Note: 表目的（用于目的状语从句中）maybe & may be11. He _may be _ here. Im not sure.12. _Maybe_ you should call him.13. Are you going out tonight? - _Maybe_.III. must1. You _must_ have a passport if you want to

10、 go abroad.2. Drivers _mustnt_ drive after drinking.Note: （义务、责任、强制、命令）必须应该3. You _must_ first finish your homework before you watch TV.4. -_Must_ I come tomorrow?-Yes, you _must_.-No, you _neednt/ dont have to_.Note: （说话者主观上的意愿、建议、命令等）应该、必须、务必5. Winter _must_ be followed by spring.6. All living thi

11、ngs _must_ die.Note: 表示客观规律不可避免性或必然性，注定要，必然（只用于肯定句）7. You _must_ be ill. I can see it from your face.8. You _must have read_(read) the book. You know the story very well.9. Theres much noise from next door. They _must be having_(have) a party.Note: 表肯定推测Must & have to区别：1. have to 用于各种时态，还可和其它情态

12、动词连用 2. have to 表示因客观环境的迫使而不得不做某事1. - Lets see a movie tonight.-Id love to, but I _have to_ take care of my mom.2. They _had to_ speed up, for the weather turned terrible.3. They will _have to _ get up early tomorrow.4. We may _have to_ put off the plan.5. You _dont have to _ tell him about it.不一定要6

13、. You _mustnt _ tell him about it. 一定不要IV. shall1. I _shall_ ring you as soon as I arrive.Note: 将来时（第一人称）将要、会2. _Shall_ I open the window for you?3. Lets go to the cinema tonight, _shall_we?Note: （在问句中表示说话人征求对方意见或提出建议，用于第一、三人称）好么V. should & ought to1. We hoped that we _should_ be able to do that

14、.Note: 用于过去将来时2. You _should/ought to_ be more careful next time.3. _Should_ I call him and apologize?Note: (表示建议、劝告、命令、要求) 应该，必须 （ought to 语气强）4. Its 4:30. They _should_ be in New York by now.Note: (表示说话者根据一定的依据猜测、推测、推论等)该，可能5. You _should have told_(tell) me earlier about it, but you didnt.6. You

15、_shouldnt have done_ (do) that to your mother, but you did.Note: 过去按理该而实际没有（常有责备、埋怨、惋惜之意）VI. will1. He _will_ come back soon.Note: 将来时2. I hope you _will_ succeed.3. I _will_ do my best to help you.Note: （表意愿、决心、承诺）要、愿、想、会、保证4. When he is in trouble, he _will_ turn to his coach for help.5. I _will_

16、turn you out of doors if you dont keep quiet.Note: 状语从句VII. would1. He told us that he _would_ meet us at the airport.Note: 过去将来时2. -_Would_ you mind my smoking?-Yes, _please dont. /Youd better not. _.-No, _go ahead_Note: 提出请求、邀请（委婉）3. I _would_ like to see a film tonight.4. I _would_ rather not lea

17、ve you here.5. _Would _ you please _not smoke_(not smoke) here?Note: 意愿、决心、喜欢等6. He _would_ be delighted if I went to see him.7. If you had come earlier, you _would have seen_(see) him.Note: 条件句（虚拟）8. When he was young, he _would_often _walk_ (walk) in these woods. Note: （表过去习惯性、经常性的行为或动作）总是VIII. ne

18、ed (情态动词没有过去式)Note: 1) need 作实意动词，有人称、时态和数的变化 2) need 作情态动词，只能用在否定句和疑问句中，没有人称、时态和数的变化 need sth dont need sth Do need sth ? need to do dont need to do Do need to do ? neednt do Need do ?1. He _needs to_(go) there now.2. He _need not/ doesnt need to go_ (not go) there now.3. -_Need_/Does _he _go_/need

19、 to go_(go) there now?- Yes, he _must_/does_.-No, he _neednt_/doesnt_.4. He needs to finish the work by Friday, _doesnt_ he?5. He neednt stay there, _need_ he?6. He _neednt have given_ (not give) her so much money at the time, and now he regrets it.Note: neednt have done过去本不必做却做了need doing & nee

20、d to be done7. I _need to_ (repair) the computer.The computer _needs repairing_.(repair)The computer _needs to be repaired_(repair)IX. dare （情态动词有过去式dared）Note: 1) dare作实意动词，有人称、时态和数的变化 2) dare作情态动词，只能用在否定句和疑问句中，没有人称和数的变化, 但有过去时。 dare to do dont dare to do Do dare to do ? dare not do Daredo ?1. He _

21、dares to say_(say) what he thinks.2. He _dare not say_/doesnt dare to say_(not say) what he thinks.3. -_Dare_/Does _he _say_/dare to say_(say) what he thinks?-Yes, he _dare/ does_.-No, he _dare not/ doesnt_.4. How _dare_ you say(say) so? 5. I _dare_ you _to climb_(climb) the tree.Note: dare sb. to d

22、o sth.谅某人也不敢做某事6. I _dare say_(say) things will improve. Note: I dare say我敢说，我认为，很可能，恐怕补充：1情态动词表猜测时，不同的“肯定”程度依次排列如下：l He is at home. ( 事实 ） l He must be at home.（ 非常可能） l He should be at home.（ 很可能 ） l He may be at home.（ 仅仅可能 ） l He might be at home.（ 或许 ） l He isnt at home.（ 事实 ） l He cant be home

23、.（ 接近肯定 ） l He couldnt be at home.（ 不及 cant 肯定 ） l He may not be at home. （ 可能 ，但不肯定 ） l He might not be at home.（ 不及 may 肯定 ）。2情态动词+ have done could have done （本能做而没做） cant / couldnt have done （不可能已经做了）must have done （肯定已经）may/might have done (可能已经做了)might not have done （不太可能已经）should have done (本应该而没做)shouldnt have done（本不应当做而做了）neednt have done（本没必要而做了）1. Why did you stay at a h