高考英语语法归纳例句Word版

1、宜都二中高三英语抢分秘籍语 法 篇一 定语从句和时态、语态1，I would rather you didnt make such a stupid mistake once more, which will leave bad impressions on others. (make) 我希望你不要再犯这样愚蠢的错误了，这会给别人留下不好的印象。（虚拟语气中用一般过去式）2, His younger brother teaches in a secondary school, in front of which flows a river. (flow) 他的弟弟在一所中学教书，学校前有一条

2、河。（定语从句）3, As is reported, it was not until last year that women were admitted into the club as members and ever since it has enjoyed a boom in business. (report) 据报道，这家俱乐部直到去年才接受女会员，而且自那以后，生意可兴旺了。（定语从句）4, The girl has a great intrest in sport and has been taking badminton classes over the last thre

3、e years. (take) 这个女孩对运动很感兴趣，在过去三年里她一直在上羽毛球课。（现在完成进行时）5, Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where/in which they live because of serious pollution. (live) 因为严重的污染，现在人们更关心它他们所居住的环境了。（定语从句）6, The moment I received my test score, I burst into tears for it was the the second time (th

4、at) I had failed the driving test. 一拿到自己的成绩单，我就嚎啕大哭起来，因为这是我第二次没通过驾照考试了。（过去完成时）7, Jenny hasnt heard from her boy friend for a long time, which accounts for her depression and sudden anger. (account) Jenny最近意志消沉，突然发怒，是因为她很久没有收到男朋友的来信了。（定语从句）8, Leave him alone when he is occupied with his report, or yo

5、u will interrupt his thought and writing process. (leave) 他在忙着写报告期间不要去打扰他，不然会打断他的思路和写作进程的。（一般现在时）9, John wants to carry my luggage himself, but Id rather it was conveyed to/I had it conveyed to/have it conveyed to the hotel by taxi. (convey) John想要亲自扛我的行李，但我宁愿要出租车把它送到宾馆。（答案为虚拟语气，用一般过去式，答案为短语would ra

6、ther do sth搭配）10, When the supermarket had a scale on, I bought lots of things, most of which turned out to be of poor quality. (turn) 超市打折时，我买了很多东西，结果大多数都质量不行。（定语从句）11, I firmly believe that the bed hasnt been slept in yet for the sheet and quilt are brand new. (sleep)我坚信这张床上还没人睡过，因为床单和被子是崭新的。（现在完成

7、时的被动语态）12,The children had been trapped in the well for 10 hours before their parents came to their rescue. (trap) 等到父母亲来救援那些孩子的时候，他们被困在井里已有十个小时。（过去完成时的被动语态）13, The old lady was in such a hurry that she lost the money with which she was to buy medicine for her sick husband. (buy) 那位老太太匆忙之中把计划给她生病的丈夫

8、买药的钱丢了。（定语从句）14, Was it on the farm where he once worked that he came across the girl who later became his wife? (work)她是在他曾经工作过的的农场碰到的那个后来成为他妻子的女孩吗？（强调句型中的定语从句）二 非谓语动词1. He was lucky to escape being punished.（v-ing的被动式做宾语）她幸运地逃脱了惩罚。2. Jim is sixteen now-it is high time we stopped treating him like

9、a child. (stop doing“停止做某事”)吉姆现在十六岁了。我们是时候停止像小孩一样对待他了。2. He admitted having broken the window. (v-ing的完成式做宾语“承认做了某事”) 她承认打破了窗户。4. The news being broadcast is about the robbery. (v-ing的被动式做定语，“在被做的”)在广播的新闻史关于那起抢劫。5. It is rumoured that the bridge to be constructed will cost a lot. (不定式的被动做定语，表示“即将被做的

10、”)2 / 19 有谣言说那座即将修建的桥花费很大。6. I am sure that the head teacher wont have you getting away with cheating in the exam. (v-ing做宾补，与否定连用表示“不允许，禁止”)我可以肯定，因为你考试作弊，班主任是不会让你侥幸逃脱的。7. we are kept informed of what is happening in the world by reading newspapers and watching TV. (v-ed做主语补足语，keep sb. informed of s

11、th.) 我们通过读报和看电视来了解世界上正在发生的事情。8. Look at the clear sky. Youd better have your car washed. (v-ed做宾补，have sth done) 这么好的天气，你最好把车洗一下。9 . A number of paintings in this castle are believed to have been destroyed in a fire in 2009. (不定式的被动完成式在此类句型中的应用) 人们相信这座城堡中的大量绘画在2009年的那场大火中被毁掉了。10. Compare the two coa

12、ts and you will find the blue one is more suitable. (祈使句+and/or+陈述句) 比较这两件上衣，你会发现蓝色的那件更合适。11. Compared with people living generations ago, now we have greater opportunities to have a good time. (v-ed做状语) 比起前几辈人，我们现在有更多机会享受生活。12. I tore open the box, only to discover that the necklace was missing. (o

13、nly to do表示与预期相反的结果状语) 我撕开那个盒子，不料发现项链不见了13. Not having persuaded my parents, I failed to go to a drama school. (v-ing完成式做状语，注意not的位置) （由于）没有说服我父母，我没能上戏剧学校。14. Occupied in practicing his spoken English, he couldnt find any time to finish this project. (v-ed做状语，可归纳类似的其他短语) 她忙于练习英语口语，抽不出时间完成这个计划。15. It

14、 was a dark rainy night. Charlie made his way along the abandoned street with his eyes fixed on the road before him. (with的符合结构，注意fix的形式)这是一个漆黑的雨夜。查理沿着一条废弃的街道艰难前行，眼睛紧盯着前面的路。16. With so many problems to solve, the student looks anxious. (to do在 with的复合结构中的应用，表示“要做”)17. Knowing what you are doing can

15、reduce the risks of failure. (v-ing 做主语)知道你正在干什么能降低失败的风险。18.Having been reminded not to miss the flight to Paris, he set out for the airport in a hurry. (having been done 做状语) 提醒他不要错过了去巴黎的航班后，她急急忙忙地动身去机场。19. Not being admitted into the key university isnt the end of life. (v-ing的被动式做主语，注意not的位置) 没被重

16、点大学录取并不是生活的尽头。20.Having been blamed for several times, she seems to have been aware of her mistakes. (to do的完成式做宾语) 被责备了好几次，她似乎已经意识到了自己的错误。三倒装倒装句的结构：1.全部倒装：即主语和谓语完全颠倒位置，谓语位于主语的前面。2. 部分倒装：即将谓语的一部分提到主语前面：如果句中有助动词have/has/had,或者情态动词，be动词，将这些词提到主语前面即可；如果句中没有助动词、情态动词、be动词，要用助动词do/does/did放在主语前，用了这些助动词，谓语

17、动词只能用原形。1. Little does she care about what she looks like; all she cares about is her job performance. 她不在乎外表，她在乎的是自己的工作表现。（little,否定词在句首引起的 子部分倒装；类似的否定词有never, few, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely,nowhere 等。）2. By no means should you tell lies before your parents.你绝对不应该在父母面前撒谎。（ 介词+no+ 名词结构，意思为绝不，

18、放在句首时，句子要部分倒装，类似的结构有 at no time, in no case, under no circumstances, in no sense, in no way, on no condition, on no account 等）3. Not until I visited Guilin in person did I find it really worthy of the reputation.直到我亲自游览了桂林，我才发现它果然名不需传。( not until 引导的时间状语在句首时，主句要部分倒装。 )4. Not only is she good at Engl

19、ish, but she can also speak French very well.她不仅擅长英语，而且她法语也说得好。（ not onlybut also 连接的两个句子，not only 位于句首时，前一个句子要部分倒装，but also 句子中不倒装。）5.Hardly had we declared the sports meeting open when the rain began to pour down .我们一宣布运动会开幕，天就开始下起瓢泼大雨来。（ Hardlywhen; No soonerthan,意思为一就，连接两个句子，hardly/no sooner在句首时

20、，前一个句子用部分倒装，且用过去完成时had done 的结构；后面的句子不倒装。）6. So absorbed was he in reading a novel that he didnt notice the teacher come in .他如此专心于看小说以至于没注意到老师进来了。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。（ 在so that和 suchthat句型中，如so/ such 引导的部分位于句首时，主句的主语与谓语要部分倒装。）7.Only by studying har

21、d can we be admitted to university.只有通过努力学习我们才能被大学录取。（ only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句且放在句首时，句子的主语和谓语部分倒装）8.He thinks English is important. So does she. 他认为英语很重要。她也这样认为。My sister will not prepare for the driving test this summer, neither/nor will I.我姐姐今年暑假不准备驾驶考试，我也不会。（so/neither /nor 位句首时，句子的主语和谓语要部分倒装。）9.Had

22、you taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the exam.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.如果明天下雨，我们将不得不取消足球赛。（ 在if 引导的虚拟条件句中，可省略if,j将if 从句中的were/ should/ had 提到主语前构成倒装句注意：if从句中的not不可提到主语前）10. Child as he is, he knows a lot. 他尽管只是个孩子，他懂得很多。Hard

23、as I tried, I failed again. 尽管我努力尝试了，我还是又失败了。Try as he might, he couldnt open the door. 尽管他试了，他也不能打开门。（as/though 引导让步状语从句时，可将句中的表语、状语或谓语动词提到前面，构成倒装。句式为：表语/状语/谓语动词原形+as/ though+ 主语+ 其它。注意： 当表语为名词时，名词前无冠词a/the.）11. Present at the meeting were our parents. 出席会议的是我们的父母。 Sitting/seated at the the back of

24、 the classroom are six tallest boys of our class.坐在教室后面的是我们班六名个子最高的男生。（ 形容词/v-ing/ v-ed 作表语且位于句首时，句子全部倒装，句式为：表语（形容词/v-ing/ v-ed）+l连系动词+主语。）12.From the distance came a soldier. 从远处走来一个士兵。 Away flew the bird. 小鸟飞走了。(表方式、方位、时间的副词或介词短语放在句首时，句子要全部倒装。常见的副词有 here,there; up,down; in, out;now,then; away; in

25、front of, at the top of)四 虚拟语气及情态动词的用法1.I wish I were a bird.我希望我是一只鸟儿。（现在不能实现的愿望用一般过去时）2.I wish you would come tomorrow. 我希望你明天来。（将来不能实现的愿望用过去将来时）3.I wish he had not drunk so much milk yesterday.我希望他昨天没喝如此多的牛奶。（将过去不能实现的愿望用过去完成时）4.If only I had enough time now.要是我现在有足够的时间就好了。5. If only I would have

26、enough time tomorrow. 要是我明天有足够的时间就好了。6. If only I had had enough time yesterday. 要是我昨天有足够的时间就好了。(if only引导的句子中的虚拟语气与wish的用法一样 as if 引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气也与wish的用法一样He must )7. She would rather he stayed at home today.她宁愿他今天呆在家里。(与现在事实相反用一般过去时)8. She would rather he stayed at home tomorrow. 她宁愿他明天呆在家里。 (与现在事

27、实相反用一般过去时)9. She would rather he had stayed at home yesterday. 她宁愿他明天呆在家里。(与过去事实相反用一般过去时)10.He suggested that this patient should be operated on immediately.他建议立马给这个病人动手术。（一坚持insist二命令order command三建议advise suggest recommend四要求request require demand desire再加一个urge,这些词后的宾语从句要用should+v.原形。此外，与这些词相关的其他

28、从句以及与这些动词相关的名词有关的从句都用should +v原形）10.His requirement is that we should finish our task at once.他的要求是我们立马完成任务。11.It is suggested that she should study hard.有人建议她努力学习。12.It is high time that we should watchwatched TV.是我们看电视的时候了。(这种句型中用一般过去时或者should +v原形)13.If I were you, I would make full use of time.如

29、果我是你，我会充分利用时间。14.If you had followed his advice, you would have passed the exam.如果你听从了他的建议，你就通过了考试。15.If it rainedshould rainwere to rain tomorrow, I would not go fishing.如果明天下雨，我就不去钓鱼。（与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时，主句用should/could /would/might+v原形；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句用should/could /would/might+have+done; 与将来事实相反

30、，从句用一般过去时或者should+v原形或者were to +v原形，主句用should/could /would/might+v原形）16.If you had gone to see the doctor，you would be all right now你要早去看病，你现在就没事了。（错综时间条件句：从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）17.But for the English test，I would have gone home this week要不是英语测试，我这个礼拜就回家了。含蓄条件句，除了but for（要不是）以外，能够表示虚拟条件的词和短语还包括：withou

31、t（没有）、otherwise（否则）、or（不然）18 .He must be watching TV.他一定正在看电视。19. She must have watched TV last night.她昨天晚上一定看了电视。20. Why must you lie on the sofa? 你为什么偏要躺在沙发上？21.She can not be listening to music now.她现在音肯定没在听乐。22. She cant/could not have watched TV last night.她昨天肯定没看电视23.You need not have taken an

32、 umbrella.你本不必带雨伞的。（本不必做而又做了）24. You should/ought to have won the first prize.你本该获得一等奖的。(本该做而又没做)25.You should not/ought not to have arrived late.你本不该迟到的。（本不该做而又做了）26.It might/may have rained lat night.昨天可能下了雨。(可能做过某事)五 名词性从句和状语从句1: What the government will do with the land is unknown. (do) “政府将如何处理

33、这块土地还未知”，这里考察what引导的主语从句，另外，“处理”do with 要用what 提问，若是deal with,要用how提问； Whar impressed me most was his honesty. Whoever/Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. Whoever引导的主语从句，不能用no matter who2: That he had said something improper at the meeting surprised all of us. (say) “他在会上说了不妥的话使我们感到惊讶” that

34、引导的主语从句，不作任何成分，只起引导作用。 That he was caught cheating in the exam made his head teacher very angry.3: It wonder what it is that makes him so excited. (be) “我想知道是什么让他这么兴奋。”宾语从句用陈述语序。 It is hard to image what the future may have in store for us.4: The factory is built on what was a wasteland before. (was

35、teland) “这个工厂建立在以前是块废地的地方。” 介词后接宾语，what 引导的宾语从句，而不能用where We are now living in what is called Zhi Cheng. No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we call America. He was driving at what I thought was a dangerous speed. George always does his best, and thats what I like him.5

36、:I know she is a teacher in this school and that she is an experienced one. (be) 我知道她是这个学校的老师而且是位有经验的教师 that只有在引导宾语从句时才能省略，但两个that从句并列时，后一个that不省略。6: It is necessary that we (should ) learn English well. (learn) 我们学好英语很有必要。 在主语从句中，用来表示惊讶，怀疑，惋惜等，要用(should ) do结构(其被动语态：should be done)，并且这里是it做形式主语。It

37、is necessary /important/natural/strange/surprising.that clauseIt is a pity/shame/surprisethat-clause7: It is said that he has been admitted to a key university. (admit) 据说他考取了一所重点大学。It is said/reported/believed/considered/known/ordered/requested/requiredthat-clause 此句区别sb/sth 作主语的结构：Sb/sth be said/r

38、eported/believed/considered/knownto do/to be/ to be doing/ to have done/ to have been done8:It is no longer what it was /used to be. (be) 这不再是过去的样子了。 What 引导的表语从句，A man isnt always what he appears to be.9:He put up a suggstion that we should hold a class meeting tomorrow. (hold) 他建议我们应该明天举行个班会。这是同位语

39、从句，以suggest为例，表命令，要求，建议，请求等词的主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句，都要用(should)+ V-原 It is suggested that should She suggested that .should.10: Fail as he did, he would never give up. (as) 尽管失败了，他仍没放弃。as引导让步状语从句需倒装，结构为：adj/adv/n./v-ing/v-ed/v. +as +主语+谓语 Pop star as she is , she still needs to improve. Praised as he

40、was, he remained modest. Much as I love it , I will not buy it. Try as I might, I failed.11:They eat whatever they can find. (eat)“他们吃能找得到的任何食物”， Whatever 引导的宾语从句，属于名词性从句，不能用no matter what（只能引导让步状语从句）,但此句可换成： No matter what/Whatever they find, they eat it. I will buy it however/no matter how much it

41、 may cost/whatever the cost is.12: In case of rain, youd better take an umbrella. (case)“以防下雨，你最好带把伞” In case of rain/an emergency In case it rains/should rain13:You can rely on it that he will come to meet you . (rely) “你要相信他回来接你的。” It 作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句等放在后面的常考句型： 1): make it clear (to sb) that 向某人

42、阐明、讲明、说明 2): take it for granted that 认为什么是理所当然的 3): rely on it that /depend on it that 相信什么 4): see to it that 务必、保证、确保14：Whether he will be invited to the party hasnt been decided. (invite)“是否邀请他参加晚会还没有确定。” 引导名词性从句表示“是否”时，建议都用whether He doesnt know whether to stay or not. The question is whether t

43、hey can arrive here on time.15:that 引导的名词性从句常考句型： 1): The reason why is that. 的原因就是 2): Word came that 有消息传来. 3): There is no doubt that 毫无疑问. 4): There is some /much/no chance that 有可能/有很大可能/不可能16: I was about to go out when the phone rang. (be)“我正要出去时电话铃响了。” When引导的时间状语从句表示“就在这、那时，突然”，常用句型有： be ab

44、out to do .when 正要做.突然/这时 be doing .when. 正在做.突然/这时had done.when 刚做完.突然/这时be on the point of doing. When 正在做.突然/这时17: It was a long time before he got to sleep again. (be) “很久他才再次入睡。” 有关before 的句式： It will be some time before.do 要过多久之后才 It was some time before .did 过了多久之后才 It was long beforedid 很久才I

45、t wasnt long beforedid 不久就18: Hands up, or Ill shoot. (hand) “举起手，否则我就开枪了。” 祈使句+and/or/otherwise+简单句 Look them up in the dictionary, and you will find out such examples.19: The more I learn about the Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China. (more)“我越了解中国的历史，我就越喜欢在中国住。” The more.the more越越

46、The more time you devote to your studies, the more/greater progress you will make.20: The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. (burst)那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。 表 “一.就” 的从属连词有：as soon as / immediately / directly / instantly / the moment / the minute / the instant / 21: You can go swimming on con

47、dition that you dont go too far from the river bank. (condition) 你可以下去游泳，条件是不能离岸边太远。 引导条件状语从句的结构： on condition(that), provided(that), providing(that), supposing(that), in case 六 主谓一致及特殊句式的考查（一）主谓一致1）作主语时的主谓一致：名词作主语时，谓语动词与主语的单复数须保持一致。1单复数同形的名词作主语，其谓语动词应根据具体内容决定单复数。如：Every means has been tried.每种方法都试过

48、了。These means are out of date.这些方法是过时的。2含all，most，half，rest等的名词词组作主语，所指的内容是可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数；反之，用单数。如：All of my classmates work hard.我所有的同学学习都很努力。 All of the water is up now.现在所有的水都用光了。3在主谓倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.在两扇窗子之间挂着一幅画。2）连接词的主谓一致：含有连接词的主谓一致是指对主语起连接作用的词会影响主

49、语与谓语动词的一致关系。1用and或bothand连接并列主语，其内容是复数的，谓语动词用复数。若and连接的两个单数主语指同一个人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。如：The teacher and writer has already come to the meeting.这位教师兼作家已来开会了。Both my brother and my sister are workers.我的哥哥和姐姐都是工人。2主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with

50、，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等。3以or，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与就近的名词或代词一致。3）量词修饰名词作主语时的主谓一致：不定量词修饰名词作主语时的主谓一致主要是指不同的不定量词修饰名词作主语时，其谓语动词也将随之变化，与主语保持一致。1a(great)number of，many，a few修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。2a little，much，a great dea

51、l of，a large amount of修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。3(large)quantities of修饰可数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。4the number of复数名词，the amount of不可数名词，the quantity of可数名词复数/不可数名词等构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（二）强调句型。 1)考查强调句式的基本结构：It is/was 被强调部分 that 句子的其余部分。强调的内容可以是句子的主语、宾语、状语。如果被强调的部分是人，that 可用who代替，其他情况一律用that。 2)考查含有“notuntil”句

52、型的强调句式：It wasn't untilthat 句子的其余部分。 3)考查强调句式的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it 被强调部分that句子的其余部分。 4)考查变式强调句型：It must/may/might bethat；Can/Could it bethat？如：It might be his father that you're thinking of.Could it be Tom that is making the noise?注：it除了作为强调句的结构词外，其作形式主语、形式宾语及其指代用法也要引起足够的重视。it指代时间时，常考的一些句型结构：It

53、is (about/high) time that从句(从句用should do/did) It is/has been some time since从句(从句用一般过去时)(注意从句中延续性动词意义为否定)It/This is the first/secondtime that从句(必须使用现在完成时)(这是某人第次做了某事)It was 时间点 when从句It was/will be some time before从句（三）“祈使句陈述句”句型。 1and, then, and then 意思是“就，那么，才”，表示按照祈使句说的去做，会产生顺应的结果。2or, or else, o

54、therwise 意思是“否则，要不，不然的话”，表示不按照祈使句说的去做，则会产生相反的结果。（四）感叹句1what式感叹句Whata/an形容词单数可数名词主语谓语！What形容词复数名词主语谓语！What形容词不可数名词主语谓语！2how式感叹句How形容词/副词主语谓语！How形容词a/an单数可数名词主语谓语！ （五）there be句式 1there be句式中的be可以有不同的时态，而且可以和助动词或情态动词连用。如： There have been many great changes in our country since then. There must be a mis

55、take somewhere.2there be句式中的be有时可用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, be expected to be等替代。3there be句式中的be可用remain, live, stand, lie, exist、lie、go、come、occur、follow等不及物动词替代。4there be句式有时可用于非谓语动词中，有两种形式：there being和there to be。there being在句中通常作原因状语、主语或用在介词或某些动词后作宾语。如： Ther

56、e being no further business, I declared the meeting closed.there to be在句中通常作某些动词的宾语。 The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.5用于组成特殊句式。There is no use/point/sense (in) doing做某事没用或没意义 There is no point (in) worrying about it.There is no doubt about/There is no doubt that毫无疑问 There is no doubt that she has told the truth.There is no need for/The