牙体牙髓病学_英文试题

1、牙体牙髓病学英文试题一、选择题1.对牙髓最具有破坏性的是CA.Nd激光B.CO2激光C.红激光D.光固化灯E.牙髓活力电测定仪2.感染根管常见的优势菌不包括CA.普氏菌B.放线菌C.G细菌D.真杆菌E.梭形杆菌3.备洞时易损伤牙髓的因素不包括BA.施力大B.用冷却剂C.持续常时间钻磨D.制备深的窝洞E.不用冷却剂4.与顽固性根尖周病变和窦道经久不愈可能有关的细菌为BA.普氏菌B.放线菌C.G细菌D.真杆菌E.梭形杆菌5.判断牙髓活力最可靠的检查方法是DA.热诊B.冷诊C.牙髓活力电测定D.试验性备洞E.X线检查6诊断残髓炎最准确的依据是EA.叩诊B.牙髓活力测试C.病史D.症状E.探查治疗后根

2、管有痛觉7急性根尖周脓肿最佳的排脓途径CA.从牙周间隙排脓B.从颊、舌侧粘膜或皮肤排出C.经根管从龋洞排脓D.从上颌窦或鼻腔排脓E.以上都不对8感染侵入牙髓组织的途径EA.深龋B.深牙隐裂C.深牙周袋D.重度磨耗E.以上都有可能9根尖周炎疼痛最剧烈的阶段是BA.粘膜下脓肿期B.骨膜下脓肿期C.浆液期D.根尖脓肿期E.瘘管形成期10上颌第一磨牙的根管形态特点是：CA.多数是2根管，即1个颊根管和1个腭根管B.多数是3根管，即1个近颊、1个远颊和1个腭根管C.多数是4根管，即2个近颊、1个远颊和1个腭根管D.多数是4根管，即1个近颊、2个远颊和1个腭根管E.多数是4根管，即1个近颊、1个远颊和2个

3、腭根管1115号标准根管锉的锉尖直径和刃部末端直径分别是：DA.0.10mm和0.47mmB.0.10mm和0.45mmC.0.15mm和0.45mmD.0.15mm和0.47mmE.以上都不对12弯曲根管预备的常见并发症是：AA.根管台阶B.药物性根尖周炎C.牙周组织坏死D.皮下气肿E.误戏和误咽13根管预备的工作长度是指：DA.牙的实际长度B.从牙冠参照点到牙本质牙釉质界C.从牙冠参照点到解剖根尖孔D.从牙冠参照点到生理根尖孔E.从牙冠参照点到距生理根尖孔0.51mm14根管成形的标准是：AA.根管比原来直径至少扩大3个器械号B.根尖预备到20号标准器械C.根管内无大量渗出D.根管冲洗无混

4、浊液体E.根管内无严重气味15下列哪一项不是牙髓切断术的潜在并发症：EA.根髓感染B.根管钙化C.内吸收D.牙髓坏死E.髓室穿孔16下列哪一项描述不是玻璃离子粘固剂修复术窝洞预备的特点（）CA.玻璃离子粘固剂与牙体组织有化学粘接，对固位形的要求可放宽B.不必作倒凹、鸠尾等固位形C.去除龋坏牙本质，必须作预防性扩展D.窝洞的点、线角圆钝E.洞缘釉质不作斜面17深龋患者激发痛较重，洞底软龋能够彻底去净，治疗方法应选择（）CA.双层垫底，一次完成充填治疗B.局麻下开髓失活，行牙髓治疗C.先做安抚治疗，待12周复诊时症状消除后，再以双层垫底充填治疗D.实行活髓切断术E.间接盖髓、双层垫底，一次完成充填

5、治疗18临床上不易查出的继发龋可用下列哪些方法帮助诊断（）CA.探诊B.温度测验C.X线D.染色法E.麻醉法19深龋备洞时，下列哪项措施是错误的（）AA.洞底平、侧壁直，两相垂直B.去尽腐质C.保护牙髓D.洞缘线圆钝E.尽量保留健康牙体组织20复合树脂充填后脱落的原因如下，除了（）AA.制备了固位形B.牙齿表面未注意清洁C.酸蚀后的牙面接触唾液D.未制备洞斜面E.充填体过薄21下列哪项不是窝洞的基本固位形()BA.侧壁固位B.钉道固位C.倒凹固位D.鸠尾固位E.梯形固位22制备倒凹是为了：()BA.获得良好的抗力形B.获得良好的固位形C.便于垫底D.便于充填E.便于放置盖髓剂23V类洞充填备洞

6、时，要求：()AA.适当的固位形B.严格的抗力形C.必须做鸠尾D.口小底大E.底平壁直24右下颌第一恒磨牙颊面龋洞破坏越过边缘嵴至咬合面窝沟是：()AA.I类洞B.II类洞C.III类洞D.IV类洞E.V类洞25垫底的部位为：()DA.仅在髓壁B.仅在轴壁C.仅在侧壁D.仅在髓壁和轴壁E.任何壁均可垫26下列说法正确的是BA.男性患龋率略高于女性B.龋病流行率主要随社会经济模式而变化C.龋病流行模式依靠地理环境而改变D.遗传因素对龋病的发生和发展产生重要的影响E.环境因素对龋病的发生和发展无影响27釉质龋损害的4个区不包括AA.坏死区B.透明带C.暗带D.损害体部E.釉质表面层28牙本质龋损在

7、光镜下可看到微生物渗透至牙本质小管的区域是BA.坏死区B.感染层C.牙本质脱矿区D.硬化区E.修复性牙本质层29静止龋属于BA.急性龋B.慢性龋C.继发龋D.牙釉质龋E.牙骨质龋30病程进展快，多数牙在短期内同时患龋的急性龋称为EA.湿性龋B.慢性龋C.干性龋D.继发龋E.猛性龋31. Which is the best way of pain control for endodontic treatmentALocal anestheticsBDevitalizationCAnalgesicsDOcclusal reductionEIncising and drainage32. Which

8、 one is not the reason for use of rubber damAProtect aspiration or swallowing of instruments or irrigantsBEliminate the dental fear of patientsCImprove visibilityDReduced risk of cross-contaminationELegal considerations33. The following statements are correct exceptANearly all canals exhibit a certa

9、in degree of curvature.BThere may be more than one canals within one root.CThe apical foramen usually opens at the anatomical apex.DApical constriction occurs at 0.51mm from the apical foramen.ELateral and accessory canals might be the cause of treatment failure.34. Which one is wrong regarding the

10、principle of access cavityAStraight-line accessBConservation of tooth structureCUnroofing of the chamber and exposure of pulp hornsD.Facial surface of anterior teethEOcclusal surface of posterior teeth35. The advantages of gutta-percha as a filling material areAIt is compactible and adapts excellent

11、ly to the irregularities and contour of the canalBIt is radiopaqueCIt can be easily removed from the canal when necessaryDIt can be softened and made plastic by heat or by organic solventsEAll of the above36. Which one is incorrect about the criteria of the root canal is ready to be filled after the

12、 completion of root canal cleaning and shaping?AThe tooth is asymptomatic.BThe canal is wet.CThere is no sinus tract.DThere is no foul odor.EThe temporary filling is intact37. Which one is not the pathways of pulpal and periapical infections?ADentinal tubulesBPulp exposureCGingivalDPeriodontal ligam

13、entEAnachoresis38. Tug-back is achieved and the canal is ready for fillingAWhen the gutta-percha has extended beyond the apexBWhen the gutta-percha is easily removed from the root canalCWhen the gutta-percha placed to apical constriction exhibits resistance on removalDAfter cementationENone of above

14、39. Most root canal infections involveAa single obligate anaerobic speciesBmultiple anaerobic species onlyCmixed aerobic and anaerobic microorganismsDmultiple aerobic species onlyEnone of above40. An abnormally shaped tooth that may appear as an extra wide crown,a normal crown with an extra root,or

15、other combinations resulting from the union of two adjacent tooth germs by dentin during development is calledAfused teethBconcresence of teethCgeminated teethDdilacerations of toothEtaurodontism41. Which isnt the non-operative treatment of dental caries in the following?Aapplication of fluorideBapp

16、lication of APF gelCremineralizative therapyDenameloplastyEpit and fissure sealing42. Which is not the aim of operative therapy on the dental caries management?ATo remove infected dentine and prohibit cariesBTo protect the pulp and avoid painCTo enhance the strength of the toothDTo facilitate plaque

17、 controlETo restore the appearance(of teeth)and its function43. Which is the best statement about resistance formAResistance form is the design of a cavity in such a way that the remaining tooth substance and the restorative material can withstand masticatory stressBThe bulk required will depend on

18、the flexural strength of restorative material.In the case of amalgam it is estimated that a minimum of 1.5-2mm thickness of the restorative material is required to withstand masticatory stressCIf a marginal ridge is found to be too weak in the cause of an occlusal cavity preparation,a Class II cavit

19、y may have to be prepared instead,so as to eliminate the weak marginal ridge.This is particularly indicated where the ridge is only of enamel thickness and unsupported by sound dentineDThe cavity should be designed that the occlusal margins of the cavity are in areas not subjected to excessive occlu

20、sal trauma,otherwise the enamel wall of the cavity and/or the margins of the restorative material may fracture.In practice,this may be achieved by placing an occlusal margins of a cavity about one-quarter(1/4)of the intercuspal distance.Note,that efforts should always be made to conserve sound tooth

21、 tissueEAll of the above44. Which is the most danger area of tooth in dental caries occurred after you have learned dental caries?APits and fissures on occlusal surfaces of molars and premolarsBApproximal surfaces of all teeth.CGingival thirds of all teeth,both on facial and lingual surfacesDPits an

22、d fissures near the lingual of maxillary incisors and canines(lingual pits)EPits and fissures on the buccal of molars45. Which is not true in the following statement about dental caries and micro-organisms?ACaries could be induced by specific bacteria,especially mutans streptococci-group(eg.Streptoc

23、occus mutans and Strep.sobrinus).BThere are caries occurred when only fed a cariogenic(high sucrose)diet.CIn the60s Keyes infected germ-free animals with known strains of streptococci and found that these organisms were transferred to uninfected litter mates who then became susceptible to caries.He

24、thus demonstrated that dental caries was potentially infectious and transmissible.DWhen talking about cariogenic microorganisms,we often refer to Streptococcus mutans,Lactobacillus and Actinomyces.EOcclusal caries could be prevented using penicillin in animal study.46. The advantages glass-ionomer c

25、ement includeAhigh adhesion propertiesBlow abrasion propertiesCuse as a permanent restorationDreduction in caries due to fluoride releasing propertiesEall of the above47. Which one of the statements is error in retentive pin placementAbe avoided bifurcation and trifurcation areasBparallel to the ext

26、ernal surface of the toothCmany pin holes be better placed in different planesDthe length of pin in dentine should be longer than that of in restorationEbe in the hardest dentine48. The reasons of spontaneous pain after tooth filling includeAmistakenly judge the condition of pulpBneglect small pulp

27、exposureCirritation of materials to pulpDresidual carious dentineEall of the above49. Which of the following is a contra-indication to endodontic treatmentADiabetesBPregnancyCHIV-infected patientsDPatient suffering from heart attack within past 6 monthsECancer50. Central cusp is most common inAmaxil

28、lary the second premolarsBmaxillary the first premolarsCmandibular the first premolarsDmandibular the second premolarsEmaxillary the second molars51. Submerged deciduous teeth occurs most common inAprimary maxillary the second molarsBprimary maxillary the first molarsCprimary central incisorsDprimar

29、y mandibular the second molarsEprimary mandibular the first molars52. In clinical assessment,which is not correct?ASpontaneous discomfort at night provide a clue as the tooth is inflamedBVitalometer tests are very unreliableCIf the tooth is excessively mobile,it may have abnormal root resorptionDSwe

30、lling or with a fistulous tract is indicative of a necrotic pulpENo pain history affirmed no inflammation53. If you mechanically expose the mesiobuccal pulp horn on the primary maxillary first molar.The carious lesion on the mesial and distal surfaces is moderate,the treatment now should beAPulp cap

31、ping with Ca(OH)2;restor with silver amalgamBPulpotomy;restored with a stainless steel crownCPulpectomy;restored with a stainless steel crownDPulp capping with Ca(OH)2;restored with a stainless steel crownEExtraction and a space maintainer54. The tooth of root fracture should be treated with splint

32、forA2-3 weeksB1-2weeksC3-8 weeksD2-3 monthsE1-2 months55. In which situation below the pulp would be exposed?AEnamel infractionBEnamel fraciureCEnamel-dentin fractureDComplicated crown fractureEUncomplicated crown-root fracture56. We should advocate a routine dental appointment on or beforeAthe ZERO

33、 birthdayBthe first birthdayCthe second birthdayDthe third birthdayEthe six birthday57. The order of susceptibility of the primary teeth to carious attack is as followsAMandibular primary molar>Maxillary primary incisor>Maxillary primary molar>mandibular primary anterior teethBMaxillary pri

34、mary incisor>Maxillary primary molar>mandibular primary molar>mandibular primary anterior teethCMaxillary primary incisor>mandibular primary molar>mandibular primary anterior teeth>Maxillary primary molarDMaxillary primary incisor>mandibular primary molar>Maxillary primary mo

35、lar>mandibular primary anterior teethEMaxillary primary incisor>mandibular primary anterior teeth>mandibular primary molar>Maxillary primary molar58. A 7 years old boy with bilateral loss of the mandibular primary first and second molars,which of the following may be bestABand and loop r

36、espectivelyBLingual archCRemovable appliancesDDistal shoeENone of them59. Clinical features of dental fluorosis do not includeAThe lesion symmetrically distributed in the mouth,but not all teeth are equally affectedBThe least affected teeth are the incisors and first permanent molarsCChanges from fi

37、ne white opaque lines running across the tooth on all parts of the enamel to features where parts of the chalky white and porous outer enamel become detached and discoloredDThe loss of surface enamel in the severest cases results in a loss of anatomical form of the teethEWell-demarcated borders lesi

38、on along incremental line60. For intrusive luxation of teeth,the most common complication isAPulp necrosisBOsteitisCRoot resorptionDAlveolar process resorptionEAll of above二、名词解释1、acquired pellicle2、resistance form3、indirect pulp capping4、retrograde pilpitis5、自发痛和激发痛6、Dentine hypersensitivity7、Smear

39、 layer8、Pulpotomy9、Initial apical file10、Dental plaque三、简答题1.简述影响根管冲洗效果的因素2.简述深龋的治疗特点3.简述深龋的治疗特点4.简述窝洞的基本固位形5.简述牙隐裂的病因6.What is the sequelae of root fractures?7.Please briefly describe the benefits of root canal irrigation.8.What is the goals of pulp therapy in children?9.What are the properties of

40、the Cariogenic Bacteria?四、问答题1、详述窝洞的结构及窝洞预备的基本原则结构2、引起牙髓活力测定误诊的原因是什么？3、根尖周脓肿与急性牙周脓肿的鉴别要点4、Please discuss the purpose of root canal preparation and the procedures of Step-down technique.5、Explain the indications and types of pulp treatment for primary and young permanent teeth.6、State The Principles

41、Of Cavity Preparation on Amalgam Restoration.答案一、选择：1CCBBD 6 ECEBC 11DADAE 16CCCAA 21BBAAD 26BABBE31BCDEB 36CCCAD 41DCEAB 46EDEDA 51DEBDD 56BDCEA二、名词解释1、acquired pellicle：唾液蛋白或糖蛋白吸附至牙面所形成的生物膜称获得性膜。2、resistance form：修复体和余留牙结构获得足够抗力，在承受合力时不折裂的形状称抗力形。3、indirect pulp capping(P91)用具有消炎和促进牙髓牙本质修复反应的制剂覆盖于洞

42、底，促进软化牙本质再矿化和修复性牙本质形成，从而全部生活牙髓的方法叫间接盖髓术。4、retrograde pulpitis逆行性牙髓炎：感染来源于深牙周袋，通过根尖孔或测副根管逆行入牙髓，引起跟部牙髓的慢性炎症。5、自发痛和激发痛自发痛是指患牙在未受到外界刺激而发生的疼痛。激发痛是指患牙受到外界刺激而发生的疼痛。6.Dentine HypersensitivityDentine hypersensitivity is a form of hypersensitivity caused by the effect of thermal,tactile,osmotic or chemical st

43、imuli on exposed dentine.7.smear layerCutting or abrading the hard tissues with rotary and hand instruments produces a little chips or particles which attached to the tooth surface produce the smear layer8.PulpotomyIt is indicated for carious or mechanical exposures in primary teeth and to induce ro

44、ot closures in the young permanent dentition9.initial apical fileThe first file that binds in the canal at WL.10.dental plaqueAn adherent deposits of bacteria and their products,which is not mineralized and forms on all tooth,denture restorations surfaces.It is not an accident accumulation of bacter

45、ia but develops in a sequence of steps.三、简答题1、简述影响根管冲洗效果的因素a药物种类；b根管的直径；c冲洗的液体量；d病变情况；e根管内玷污层2、简述深龋的治疗特点a停止龋病发展，促进牙髓的防御性反应；b保护牙髓c正确判断牙髓状况；d治疗方法：垫底充填，安抚治疗，间接盖髓术3、简述窝洞的基本固位形a侧壁固位；b到凹固位；c鸠尾固位；d梯形固位4简述牙隐裂的病因a牙结构的薄弱环节是隐裂牙发生的易感因素b牙尖斜度愈大，所产生的水平分力愈大c创伤性合力5.What is the sequelae of root fractures?Healing with

46、 calcified tissueHealing with interproximal connective tissueHealing with interproximal bone and connective tissueInterproximal inflammatory tissue without healing6.Please briefly describe the benefits of root canal irrigation.Gross debridementFrequency and volume of irrigantIntracanal placement of

47、delivery needleElimination of microbesDissolution of pulp remnantsRemoval of the smear layerLubricating instrument7.What is the goals of pulp therapy in children?Allowing the tooth to remain in the mouth in a nonpathologic stateMaintenance of arch length and tooth spaceRestoration of comfort with th

48、e ability to chewPrevention of speech abnormalities and abnormal habits8.What are the properties of the Cariogenic Bacteria?Acidogenic:they are able to produce acid rapidly from fermentable carbohydrates.Aciduric:They thrive under acid conditions.Adherent:Able to adhere to the tooth surface because

49、of their ability to synthesize sticky extracelluar polysaccharides from dietary sugars.四、问答题1、详述窝洞的结构及窝洞预备的基本原则结构洞壁：测壁，髓壁（轴壁）洞角：线角，点角，轴髓线角洞缘：洞缘角抗力形：洞深，盒状洞形，阶梯结构，窝洞的外形，去除无基釉和避免形成无基釉，薄壁弱尖的处理固位形：侧壁固位，倒凹固位，鸠尾固位，梯形固位原则去净龋坏组织保护牙髓组织尽量保留健康牙体组织2、引起牙髓活力测定误诊的原因是什么？引起假阳性反应的原因探头或电极接触了大面积的金属修复体或牙龈，使电流流向了牙周组织；未充分隔

50、湿或干燥受试牙，以至电流泄漏至牙周；液化性坏死的牙髓有可能传导电流至根尖周，当电流调节到最大刻度时，患者可能会缓慢抬手示意；患者过度紧张和焦虑，以致在探头刚接触牙面或被问知感受时即抬手。引起假阴性反应的原因患者事先用过镇痛剂、麻醉剂或酒精饮料等，使之不能正常地感知电刺激；探头或电极未能有效地接触釉质，以致妨碍了电流到达牙髓；根尖尚未发育完全的新萌出牙，其牙髓通常对电刺激无反应；根管内过度钙化的牙，其牙髓对电刺激通常无反应，常见于一些老年患牙；刚受到外伤的患牙可能对电刺激无反应。3根尖周脓肿与急性牙周脓肿的鉴别要点急性根尖周脓肿急性牙周脓肿感染来源感染根管牙周袋病史较长期牙体缺损史牙痛史牙髓治疗

51、史长期牙周炎史牙体情况深龋洞近髓的非龋疾病修复体一般无牙体疾病牙髓活力多无多有牙周袋无深，迂回曲折脓肿部位靠近根尖部中心位于龈颊沟附近较近牙龈炎脓肿范围较弥漫局限于牙周袋壁疼痛程度重相对较轻牙松动度相对轻，病愈后牙恢复稳固明显，消肿后仍很松动叩痛很重相对较轻X片无明显异常表现，若患牙为慢性根尖周炎急性发作者，根尖周牙槽骨显现透射影像牙槽骨脊破坏，可有骨下袋病程相对较长，脓液自根尖周向外排除的时间约需56天相对较短，一般34天可自溃4.Please discuss the purpose of root canal preparation and the procedures of Step-d

52、own technique.Purpose of preparationCleaning:to remove all contents of the root canal system before and during shapingEntails the use of irrigants and instrumentsIrrigation serves to clean the canalShaping:to establish a specific cavity form fulfilling five mechanical objectivesEntails the use of in

53、strumentsInstrumentation serves to shape the canal2Procedures of step-down techniqueAccess cavityRadicular access根管通路Straight H or K-files of sizes 15,20,25 and 30 are used to a depth which is 2/3 of the radiographic length of the root,or where the file starts to bind against the canal wall(RAL1)Anticurvature filingG-G drills#2(RAL2)and#3(RAL3)are used to continue the coronal flaringRAL2=RAL1-2mmRAL3=RAL2-2mmWL determinationApical preparationPrecurved K-files from IAF to MAF are sequential used to WLStep-back fi