高一英语知识点总结及难点解析Unit15-16

1、高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit15-16重点句型1. There is no doubt that .2. It is dangerous or bad for your health.3. I would rather not tell you.4. Pierre and I did have a good time at the ball.5. It was worth five hundred francs at most.6. The money would be better spent building more roads or railways in other

2、parts of China.7. Fasten a key to the end of the long string.    重点词汇1. recognize / recognise v. 认出；识别2. surely adv. 确实3. franc n. 法郎4. lovely adj. 好看的；可爱的5. debt n. 债务；欠款6. besides prep. 除之外；adv此外7. outline n. 轮廓；要点8. alien adj. 外国的；n. 外星人9. earn v. 赚得；挣得10. prove v. 证明11. quality n.

3、 质量；品质12. tear v. 撕扯13. advantage n. 优点；优势14. disadvantage n. 不利；弊端15. charge v. 使充电；控告；攻击16. successful adj. 成功的；胜利的17. experiment n. 实验；试验18. continue v. 继续19. attend v. 出席20. shock v. 打击；震动21. doubt n. 怀疑22. comfort n. 舒适；安慰23. positive adj. 肯定的；积极的24. economy n. 经济25. unnecessary adj. 不必要的26. sh

4、arp adj. 锐利的；锋利的27. foot n. 英尺，足feet(复数)28. electrical adj. 电的29. precious adj. 贵重的；宝贵的30. cruel adj. 残酷的重点短语1. bring back 拿回来；使恢复2. come up with 想出或提出(答案、办法)3. pay off 还清；付清4. test on 在(身上)做实验5. take up 从事于；占据(时间或空间)6. protect.from. 保护；免受7. make use of 利用8. pay for sth 付钱；受到惩罚9. break the laws 犯法10

5、. make a list of 列出11. in my opinion 依我之见12. pick out 辨别出；挑出13. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事14. a great deal of 大量的；很多的15. protect.from. 保护免受16. play a role 扮演角色17. pull.from 从拉拖18. fall asleep 入睡19. get killed 丧命；被杀20. a waste of 浪费    交际用语 1. It can't be tree. 2. I

6、 would rather not tell you. 3. Does that matter? 4. It is good for the economy. 5. It can help many people in the future. 6. It is clean and does not pollute the air. 7. It is important for science. 8. It brings people comfort. 9. It is too expensive.10. It is dang

7、erous or had for your health.    单词聚焦4. attend vt. 出席，参加；照顾；注意  attendance n. 出席  attendant n. 服务员  They attended our affairs during our absence.  他们在我们不在时管理我们的事务。  So many people attended the meeting.  很多人出席了这次会议。  The old lady has a good nurse atte

8、nding her.  这位老太太有一位好护士照顾她。  He attended my every word in class.  上课时他倾听我的每一句话。【考点6】attract的用法构词：attraction n. 吸引，吸引力，吸引人的事物attractive adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的attractively adv. 动人地，迷人地 搭配：attract sb's attention 引起注意【考例6】2004全国IV Finally, I was _ by his lively sense of humor.  

9、0; A. disturbed    B. moved C. attracted    D. defeated考查目标本题考查attract的词义。答案与解析C  句意是“我被他的幽默感所吸引”。3. besides prep. 除之外(还有) adv此外besides 具有附加性质，用于否定句中可以与except, but换用。  Besides English, he knows three other languages. 除了英语之外，他还懂三种语言。  Nobody knows it besid

10、es / except / but me. 除了我以外，准也不知道那件事。5. chargev. 充电；索价；攻击；控诉  Does your car battery charge easily? 你的车电池充电容易吗?  How much do you charge for your old car? 你的旧车要价多少?  Suddenly the tiger charged at me. 突然老虎向我冲过来。  John was charged with murder. 约翰被控犯谋杀罪。  相关词组：free of charge 免费的&

11、#160; in charge of 负责；掌管  in / under the charge of 由管理【考点4】charge的用法 搭配：charge sb. some money for 为向某人索取收取 多少钱charge oneself with 承担(工作)，接受(任务)at one's own charge(s) / expenses 自费，用自己的钱putdown to sb's charge 把记在某人账上in charge 主管，负责；在拘留中in charge of 负责，经管，照顾in / under the charge of sb 由某人

12、负责，由某人照料管理take charge (of) 负责，照料，保管等；掌管，接办12. conductn. 行为，操行    the rules of conduct 行为准则    foolish conduct 愚蠢的行为    He was scolded because of his bad conduct. v. 引导，管理，指挥，售票    Copper conducts electricity better than other materials do.

13、铜比其它材料要容易导电。    She's conducted on buses for 10 years. 她在公共汽车上当了10年售票员。【考点3】conduct的用法 构词：conduction n. 传导，导电；输送，传播，引流conductor n. 领导者，经理，乐队指挥，(电车或公共汽车) 售票员，列车员 搭配：conduct oneself well行为端证 辨析：conduct；guide；lead三者作为动词比较一般的含义是“领”、“导”或“引”。conduct具体名词conductor (向导公共汽车等的“售票员”)；表示“指导”、“

14、引导”时含有明显的主从关系，即被引导者不服从是不可以的。例如：The policeman eventually had his hands tied up and conducted him to a shelter. 警察最后把他的双手绑了起来并把他带到一个防空洞。guide (抽象名词guidance，具体名词guide “向导”) 是通用词，可以用于“为别人带路”、“指导别人的学习、品行修养”，它的内涵是避免走弯路或遇到危险。例如：Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return

15、journey to the other world. 数干只灯笼慢慢向大海漂去，给死人返回阴间指明道路。He is now studying under the guidance of ProfessorGreen. 他现在正在格林教授的指导下学习。lead (抽象名词leadership “领导”，具体名词leader “领袖”、“领队”)可以表示“领导”、“带路”，但它总含有领导者走在前面而把被领导者控制在自己的权威之下，或被领导者处于秩序井然的状态中的意思。例如：Our guide led us through a series of caves. 我们的向导带领着我们穿过一个接一个的

16、洞穴。【考例3】NMET 2003·完形 .when I'd have predic- ted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was in-stead 7 to 9 - and Ed was _.    A. leading    B. coming C. waiting    D. counting考查目标本题考查conduct 以及近义词的用法。答案与解析A leading在本句中有形容词性，意思是“领先的”。【考点2】co

17、ntinue的用法构词：continuous adj. 连续的持续的continuously adv. 不断地，连续地 搭配：continue doing sth / to do sth 继续做某事continue (with) sth 继续做某事 辨析：continue，last 都含“继续”、“延续”的意思。continue 指“持续而无终止”，通常强调“不间断”。例如：continue one's work 继续工作last 指“持久”、“延续”。例如：The rain will not last long. 这雨不会持续很久。【考例2】2003北京春招 They _ to se

18、e each other around school, had lunch together once or two,and then both ended up from the same high school.    A. continued    B. agreed C. forced    D. offered 考查目标 本题考查continue 的词义。答案与解析A  continue 的宾语多种多样，它的意思是“继续”。【考点7】control的用法 构词：control

19、led adj. 受约束的克制的controller n. 管理员，控制器 搭配：in control (of) 控制under control 受控制out of control 失控，不能操纵have / keep control (of / over) 可以控制lose control (of) 失去(对的)控制take controls (of) 管辖，管理，控制【考例7】2004重庆 Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was _, so I went in.    A. out of co

20、ntrol    B. under control C. in control    D. over control考查目标 本题考查control搭配的用法和意思。答案与解析A  out of control的意思是“失去控制”。16. doubt n. 怀疑vt. 怀疑  拓展 doubtful adj. 令人生疑的  I don' t doubt that he'll come.  There is no doubt that you'll succeed.

21、0; 搭配 without (a) doubt 毫无疑问地，确实地  in doubt 感到怀疑no doubt 无疑；很可能【考点5】doubt 的用法构词：doubtful adj. 怀疑的，疑心的；不能确定的，可疑的doubtfully adv. 怀疑地，含糊地doubtless adj. 无疑的，确定的  adv. 无疑地确定地 搭配：beyond / past (all) doubt (常作插入语)毫无疑问cast / throw doubt on. 对产生怀疑，使人对产生怀疑hang in doubt 悬而未决。还不能确定in doubt 感到怀疑，拿不准；被怀

22、疑，悬而未决no doubt 无疑地，很可能without (a) doubt 无疑地be / feel doubtful of / about. / that-clause怀疑友情提示：doubt常表示“怀疑”，其后接名词从句时，主句为疑问句和否定句时，从旬常用连词that, butthat。主句为旨定句从句一般用连接词whether, if what, when 等。如主句为肯定句而从句用连词that，则往往表示“非常怀疑、不相信”。【考例5】(2005广东)Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS

23、will be found.    A. which    B. that    C. what    D. whether考查目标 doubt 的用法。答案与解析B no doubt后为同位语从句，that作为引导词，不充当句子成分。2. earn vt. 赚得；挣得；赢得    I had not earned one penny with it up to the moment. 到目前为止我还没有赚到一分钱。  

24、60; His victories in the wars earned him the title of "The Great". 他百战百胜赢得了“常胜将军”的称号。    拓展earn one's living 谋生    earnings 赚得的钱    She earned a living by singing in a night club. 她靠在夜总会唱歌谋生。14. prove vt. 证明，证实  How did you prove that h

25、e was the thief?  The finger prints on the knife can prove him the murdurer.   注意 prove 还常用作系动词，意为“证明是，结果是”。    The drug proved (to be) highly effective.    What he said proved (to be) true.1. reeognise vt. 识别，认出；承认，认可  reeognisable adj. 可认出的；可识别的

26、60; recognition n. 认识，认出；承认  I recognized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。  He recognized his lack of qulifacation for the post. 他承认了自已不够条件承担那个职务。  I recognise him to be cleverer than I am.  = I recxgnise that he is cleverer than I am.  我承认他比我更聪明。【考点1】recognize的用法 构词：recog

27、nition n. 赞誉，承认，重视，公认，赏识，识别 搭配：recognize sb as / to be. 承认公认某人beyond / out of recognition 完全改了模样，面目全非escape recognition 使人认不出【考例1】2002北京 One of the processes of growing uD is being able to _ and overcome our fears    A. realize    B. remember C. recognize  

28、60; D. recover考查目标 本题考查recognize的意思。答案与解析C  在本句中recognize的意思是“认清”。13. shock n. 打击，震惊，震动vt. 使震惊，使惊愕    拓展 shocking adj. 令人震惊的    She was white with shock. The news of her husband's death was a terrible shock to her.    It shocked me to see how my

29、neighbours treated their children. 见到邻居们这样对待孩子，我吃了一惊。    注意 be / get shocked    Mr Smith got shocked when he touched the wire. 史密斯先生触到电线时遭到电击。15. tear (tore，torn)vt. & vi. 撕碎  He tore the letter into pieces.  She was so angry that she tore the picture in h

30、alf.  This cloth tears easily.  搭配 tear sth. down 拆除；拆毁tear sth. up 撕碎【考点8】worth的用法构词：worthless adj. 无价值的，无益的worthwhile adj. 值得做的值得出力的worthy adj. 应得某事物；值得做某事；有价值的，可敬的，相称的 搭配：be worth notice / the trouble (抽象名词)值得注意费点事be (well) worth doing某事(很)值得一做 友情提示：此时worth后的动名词的主动式具有被动的含义。It's (wel

31、l) worth doing sth 做某事是(很)值得的worth it 值得花费时间精力，值得一千，有必要【考例8】2005北京西城模拟- How much is the T-shirt _?- 65 dollars.    A. worth    B. cost    C. worthy    D. paid考查目标 本题考查worth 的基本用法。答案与解析A  加worth 的后面可以接表示价格的名词，就可以用how much来提问。牛刀小试1用所给单词的

32、适当形式填空：(recognize, continue, conduct, charge, control, at tract, worth, doubt)1. I meant to buy the clock, but the seller _ too much.2. You have cut your hair so short that I can hardly _ you.3. _ by the beauty of nature, they stayed in Hangzhou for another three days.4. They are too weak. I _ wheth

33、er they can bear the bad climate.5. The plane out of _, crashed in the valley at last.6. I will ask Mr. Brown to _ our company in- stead of my uncle.7. Nobody knows how much the portrait is8. We two left but the meeting still词语比较1. because, since, as, for, now that  它们都可以被用来引导原因状语从句，其中  (1

34、) because 语气最强，一般指事情发生的直接原因，回答提问，一般放在主句之后。  Because he was ill, he was late for school.他生病了，所以迟到了。  We must stay at home because it rained.  (2) since 较弱，指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因，泽为“既然”，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知  的理由。  Since you don't like it, I'll put it away. 既然你不喜欢，我就把它放在一边。 

35、 (3) as “由于，鉴于”，指客观事实，常与since互换使用。  As there was no answer, I wrote again.鉴于没回复，我又写了一封信。  (4) for 是并列连词，不说明直接原因而是对某种情况加以推断，其引导的分句前常有逗号。  He must be ill, for he is absent today.他定是生病了，因为他今天没来。  (5) now that 用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论。  Now that you are ready, we'll start at once.既然

36、你已经准备好了，我们马上开始。2. continue, go on两者都有“继续”的意思。  (1) continue to do / doing sth. 表示“不停地做某事”，  go on to do sth. 则表示“接着做另一件事情”，go on doing sth. 表示“继续做同一件事情”，它可指中断后  的继续，也可指不中断的继续。  (2) continue后可直接跟名词，而go on后须加介词，才能接名词。  (3) continue可用作系动词，go on不可。  (4) continue后可接介词短语，表示仍在

37、某地或某个职位，而go on不可。  The baby continued to cry / crying all night.这个婴儿哭了一夜。  It's time for class. Let's go on learning Lesson 5.上课了，我们继续上第五课。  He continues a good friend of mine.他仍是我的一个好朋友。  拓展 to be mntinued 待续(用于报刊上连载的文章等)3. worth, worthy, worthwhile这三个形容词在使用时，容易混淆，worth只

38、能作表语，后面常跟名词、代词或动名词的主动形式，worthy的意思是“值得的”“配得上的”“可敬的”，作表语或定语，作表语时，构成以下词组：be worthy of  being done / be worthy to be done。worthwhile作“值得的，合算的”讲，只能作表语。这个问题值得讨论。  The problem is worth discusaing / discussion.  The problem is worthy of being discussed / to be discussed.  The problem is

39、worthy of discussion.  It is worthwhile to discuss / discussing the problem.【短语归类】10. act.out把表演出来；把付诸行动  Everyone laughed when he acted out the episode. 当他绘声绘色描绘那件事时，大家哄堂大笑。  They actually acted out their ideal他们确实把自己的理想变成了行动。  act against 违反  act as 担任；充当  act on 奉行；对

40、起作用  act up 出毛病；捣乱7. after all毕竟；终究    这个词组有两个含意：“要知道”；“别忘了 ”，表示说话人对别人的态度，用来说服或提醒    对方，引出听话人似乎忘记了的某个重要的论点或理由，在表这个意思时，一般把after all放在句首。    该词组还表示“终究”，在表示这层意思时，after aIl一般放于句末。    I think we should let her go on holiday alone. After all

41、, she is fifteen and she isn't a child any more.    我想应该让她独自去度假，(要知道)她毕竟已经15岁，不再是小孩了。    Mathilde thought it was a diamond necklace, but it wasn't a real one after all.    玛蒂尔德原以为那足一条钻石项链，但那终归不是真的钻石项链。11. at (the) most最多；至多    I can

42、 pay only fifteen pounds at the most. 我最多只能付15英镑。   This is worth 3000 yuan at the most. 这个最多值3000元。    拓展 at (the) least 至少；最少8. bring back拿回来；使恢复  If you are going shopping, please bring back a tube of toothpaste? 要是你上街，请买一支牙膏回来。  His words brought the whole even

43、t back. 他的话使人想起了整个事件。  bring out 生产；制造  bring up 养育；教育  bring about 引起；致使  bring down 使落下6. call on / upon访问，看望，拜访，要求，号召    Last night I called on Mr. Black and had a long talk. 昨晚我拜访了布莱克先生，并同他作r长时间谈话。    The salesman called on our company twice a mo

44、nth. 这位推销员每月来我们公司两次。    Mr. Read called on us to learn from Peter. 雷德先生号召我们向彼得学习。    与call相关的词组：    call after 以的名字而命名    call at 访问，拜访    call for 要求；需求    call out 大声喊叫    call up 提醒9. pay off还

45、清(债务)；付清    It took us six years to pay off that judgment. 我们花了六年才还清债务。    I'll certainly pay you back for what you did to me. 你那样对待我，我一定要回敬你的。【考点3】pick构成的短语pick out 挑出，辨认出pick up 拾起，捡起，(用车)接，恢复(健康)，中途搭载pick off 摘下来pick at 少量地吃，老是挑剔(某人)pick & choose 挑三拣四例句 My si

46、ster is going with me to help me pick out a new suit. 我姐姐要陪我去挑一件新衣服。They showed their displeasure by continually picking at her. 他们不断挑剔她，表明了他们不满。Henry's been ill, but he's picking up again now. 亨瑞病了，但是很快又恢复了健康。【考例3】(NMET 1997) She _ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got

47、it right    A. looked up    B. looked for C. picked out    D. picked up考查目标 此题主要考查四个短语的用法。答案与解析A  look up向上看，查找，查寻；look for寻找；pick out 挑出来；pick up 拾起。本句话的意思为“她在电话簿中找电话号码以便确信她是对的”。17. pick out挑出；辨别出；使显眼 I can pick out my sister in the crowd. 我能在人群中认出我

48、妹妹。  The houses in the painting were picked out in white. 画中的房子在白色衬托下愈发突出。  注意与pick搭配的词组有：pick up 拿起，拾起，恢复；pick over 检查【考点1】含“介词at + (冠词) + 名词短语”at the head of 在最前头at midnight 在半夜at present 现在，目前at once 立刻，马上at breakfast 早餐时at first 起先，首先at school 在学校，在上学at home 在家at night 在晚上at the moment

49、 此刻at the end of 在结尾到尽头at the same time 同时at times 有时，偶尔at all 一点也不at last 最后，起码at sea 在海上，茫然奠名其妙at the age of 在岁数时at the beginning of. 起初，开始at (the) most 至多at a time 每次at one time 过去有段时间，曾经at work 在工作at a loss 茫然at hospital 住院at (the) least 至少例句 A policeman drove at the head of the procession. 一名警察

50、在游行的队伍前开着车。At first he was a little shy in class, but now he acts more naturally. 起初在班里他有点害羞但是现在自然多了。If you find anything not to your liking you will tell me at once? 如果你发现你不喜欢的东西，马上告诉我好吗?At one time 1 used to play a lot of sport, but I seem to have lost interest now. 我曾经喜爱运动，但是现在好像失去了兴趣。I feel a li

51、ttle nervous at times. 有时我的确感到有些紧张。The meal came to an end at last, and Mr. Li rose. 这顿饭终于吃完了，李先生站了起来。I don't understand politics: I'm at sea when people talk about the government. 我不懂政治，当人们谈论政府时，我就茫然了。【考例l】(NMET 1994) Don't all speak at once! _ please    A. Each at one ti

52、me B. One by one time C. One for each time D. One at a time考查目标此题主要考查time短语的用法。答案与解析D at a time 每次；one at time 每次一个；“一个接一个”应该用one by one, 不可以在后面加lime；at one time过去有段时间，曾经。本句话意思是“不要都同时讲话，一个一个的说!”【考点2】与“数量”有关的短语a few 一些，几个a series of 一连串的。一系列a bit (of) 少量的，一点，也不a pairr of 一对，一双a bottle of 一瓶a glass of

53、 一杯a piece of 一件a kind of 一种a little 一点a lot of / lots of 许多plenty of 许多，大量的a number of 许多the number of. 的数量a great deal of 许多，大量a basin of 一盆a bowl of 一碗a basket of 一篮a bucket of 一桶a handful of 一把a mouthful of 一口例句 A series of rainy days spoiled our vacation. 一连串的阴雨天破坏了我们的假期。There lay a pair of gla

54、sses on the desk. 在课桌上放着一副眼镜。There was plenty of work for girls of her age. 对于她这个年龄的女孩来说，有很多工作。A great number of civilians were murdered in the war.大量的平民在战争中被杀害。She thought that her friend must have been through a great deal of trouble. 她想她的朋友肯定经历了许多麻烦事。【考例2】(NMET 1996) The number of people invited

55、_ fifty，but a number of them _ absent for different reasons    A. were; was    B. was; was C. was; were    D. were; were考查目标 此题主要考查主谓一致。答案与解析C “the number of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“a number of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。牛刀小试2根据所给汉语句子的意思完成英语句子，每空只填一个词。1. 她费尽力气想

56、看懂那些说明文字，却全然不知所云。  She tries to understand the instructions，but she was _ _ _.2. 不要什么事情都一块儿干，要一次做一点儿。Don't try to do everything _; take  it a bit _.3. 这家出版社出版了一套新的英语学习读物。  The publishing house has published _ _ _ _English learning materials.4. 这裤子花了30美元，比预料的要贵得多。These trousers _ $

57、30 _ _, which was much more expensive than _.5. 病人在医院住了好长一段时间，人们建议他去海边恢复健康。      After staying in hospital for long, the patient was _ to go to the seaside to _ _  his health句型诠释1. 英语句型中的否定前移  在英语中，如果主句的动词是think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine 之类的动词，而且主语又是第一人称，宾语从句要表

58、达否定，其否定形式应迁移到主句。但是，如果构成反意疑问句时，要把否定形式再迁移到从句中去，以从句为准。  I don't think you're right.我认为你不对。  I don't suppose I shall be back until 9 o'clock.我想几点以前我回不来。  I don't think your answer is right, is it?我认为你的回答不对，是不是?2. 助动词do 强调谓语动词的用法  在肯定句中，助动词do可用来强调谓语动词，带有感情色彩，可译成“真的

59、，的确”。  You do look nice today.你今天看起来真漂亮。  We did need help those days.在那些日子里我们的确需要帮助。3. be (was / were) to do  此结构表示安排、命令、职责、义务、目的、用途、可能性、命中注定等。  You are to be baek bv 11 o'clock.你得在11点钟前回来。(命令)  I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in Hangzhou. 我谨通知你会议在杭州举行。

60、(职责)  A knife is to cut with. 刀是用来切割的。(用途)  They were never to meet again.  他们注定以后永远不会见面。(命中注定)  If there is to be peace, we must try in every way to prevent war. 要和平，就得想一切办法制止战争。(可能性)4. 祈使句+ and + 陈述句结构  在这种句子结构中，祈使句表示条件，陈述句表示结果，它相当于If you., you will.，另外，祈使句+ or + 陈述句结构表示：I

61、f (not)., you will，有时候，祈使句中的动词可省略。  Work harder, and you'll find it not difficult to learn.再用功一点，你就会发现它不难写。    Hurry up, or you will be late.快一点，否则你会迟到。    More effort, and you can finish it in time.再加把劲，你会按时完成它。【句型归纳】【考点1】Pierre and I did have a very good time at the ball. 皮埃尔与我确实在舞会上玩得很开心。该句中的did为助动词，加强谓语动词have的语气。在“助动词do / does / did + 动词原形”结构中，助动词do / does / did意思是“确实，的确，一定”。常常用在肯定句或祈使句中，起加强语气