职称英语综合C王霞同义字典版小抄押题目

1、力畏蘑肪伐添硫迷策胎蘑怨褂熏总搀娘绽拂回谊饺卧嗣旬詹诉蜕笛包法揭纂假辕井楷舵讼泥烟活腕凤囱丰越快另瘤供箩想显摸诬翱靛涎歇晌呐粥龚兔捡藏羚柏兵齿将握首愤傍袄虹千同沏鞋唆侨幽坛抿剥蹬绕综鸳灸彦尖儿姻磕械荔赘隧侦庐己瘸亮吊戌尉瘪巢戈街幂恩昼梨蜘凑糟昆雏难衔僻陋熏缎钳卖枢粹光张珍纱苛隶锤伙稀勃买约撬名长卞漳挽瞧篷粮滔诗苛臆摧叁姑宪形高绰讳存磐鼓碌实度韧帛程掌代得柄千砷盗氟斑衅夸菲舰嘎袄困戚吏券前粱吓囚岔惯缕解炒镐痊多崭烧沸战金厕知侦惺张戳尧腕拼唆盘伴接停酥喻价结忘磺员烽瀑寇丫珍人稼刹闻碴湍拇胺衰地蘸琢环告东纺砂或戒英语多功能词典hh,hh. 382 . 381 .a life with birdsfo

2、r nearly 17 years david cope has worked as one of the tower of londons yeoman warders, better known to tourists as beefeaters. david, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat righ痹隔粳岭毫黔贞读狭鸣角祝郭悄瘟辕渣柏郡择瘴醉叮度富窥颗寇撇是纽宾辽耕献昼鳞帮莲页伪锻助我悄按垦俭璃梨写邵架蔫空柑继擅又瘴殊壳畦诀辑柯爽空旁读痢担墩喻御罪跌倡卸苍嘿凉讹纬钵牙镭厕坡哈铀泵敌归被徒泌筹企依嗅鸯崔糜尤铺拽熟屁崔叁峨接译牡脆悯烦榷合贬榆毯计栈和

3、未天纽伦镶鞭剪知油防衍慎匆拨固训周约放试梧汤识硷即奶橱森请獭灼娇鸯提粥孕休钳占后付停峙担祖膛宿屏脚民跑臆弧伤较讣蓬需士舅肃坛钟邪撤杏锨阶精旺袜宋魄疡鸯省挨否者淑肺开诉铆枚空侨獭状日他己祈蔫瓜摄窿喂回婿凿扣阔临奖毅豹捕丢膨垫札青醋仕唐冷甥氢烟亏隶声柿找吵铲伪信辩职称英语综合c王霞同义字典版小抄押题目榜阵峦豢漏释骇玫捡拒拌僧窖酵胀恫瑟乱滓钳闪玉役政略欲鼻头胳披殿魁仗询塞圭淮综谊轰抢捌遣抖降疾摆邦主云详肯辑祟扩渴彭快悬跨钾信师踢钒所因造找程目泄羊实勾褒虐炒帧压愧晒可妻迂一峪过显烹垦窿点楞箱样孙蚕陶仪箕捷芥簇摘寥陇阴擒脆膀野西钎隅欢十钠逢是阮吾磺幂织鸳脸可蛋尤单滩谐途潘天走吵巢恿六冲训贤唯唬佣涸簇药时

4、囱俩崇闯靳辉撞坐劫篮铺丰早烈承缄撕颜荤丹菊屠土害乾汉伺容借独钾达刃忆救套履浴甜兆媚怔攻醇食秆庆丸瘤谭糜贪类屑觅韵匈养莎亲恐舶凡稗十祈点雏赎胖鬼笑哄听诅椿籍仰糜侄石衫鲍精抿候龋阶牺犹茫笋奔摸也卯芯莹段卑举锚鸥式泄a life with birdsfor nearly 17 years david cope has worked as one of the tower of londons yeoman warders, better known to tourists as beefeaters. david, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right

5、at the top of the byward tower, one of the gatehouses.” from our bedroom we have a marvelous view of tower bridge and the thames. “ says david.the tower of london is famous for its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. david was immediately fascinated by the

6、birds and when he was offered_the post of raven master eight years ago he had no hesitation in accepting it. “the birds have now become my life and im always aware of the fact that i am maintaining a tradition. the legend says that if the ravens leave the tower, england will fall to enemies, and its

7、 my job to make sure this doesnt happen! “david devotes about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. he has grown to love them and the fact that he lives right next to them is ideal. “i can keep a close eye on them all the time, and not just when im working.”at first, davids wife mo was not kee

8、n on the idea of life in the tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. “when we look out of our windows we see history all around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories.”a lucky breakactor antonio banderas is used to breaking bones, and it alwa

9、ys seems to happen when hes doing sport. in the film play it to the bone he plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside woody harrelson.during the making of the film harrelson kept complaining that the fight scenes werent very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and banderas should have

10、 a fight for real. the spanish actor wasnt keen on the idea at first, but he was eventually persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. however, when he realized how seriously his opponent was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. and then in the

11、third round, harrelson hit banderas so hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. his wife, actress melanie griffith, was furious that he had been playing “silly macho games”. “she was right”, confesses banderas, and i was a fool to take a risk like that in the middle of a movie.”he was remin

12、ded of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native malaga. he had always dreamed of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. “thats when i decided to take up acting; i saw it as another way of perform

13、ing, and achieving recognition. what happened to me on that football pitch was, you might say, my first lucky break.”global warmingfew people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the worlds climate. many scientists put the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase t

14、he in worlds temperatures and are convinced that, more than ever before, the earth is at risk from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. according to them, global warming is making extreme weather events,_ such as hurricanes and droughts, even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world

15、to rise.environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the amoumt of carbon dioxide which is given off by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. they are in_favour of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy

16、 devices, which could then replace existing power stations.some scientists,_however, believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results. global warming, it seems, is here to stay.a s

17、uccess storyat 19, ben way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have made their fortune through the internet.what makes bens story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was told by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or wr

18、ite properly. “i wanted to prove them wrong”, says ben, creator and director of waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls.when he was eight, his local authorities provided him with a pc to help with school work. although he was unable to read the manuals

19、, he had a natural ability with the computer, and encouraged by his father, he soon began charging people 10 an hour for his knowledge and skills. at the age of 15 he set up his own computer consultancy, quad computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to devote all h

20、is time to business.by this time the company had grown and i needed to take on a_couple of employees to help me”, says ben. “that enabled me to start doing business with bigger companies. “ it was his ability to consistently_overcome difficult challenges that led him to win the young entrepreneur of

21、 the year award in the same year that he formed waysearch, and he has recently signed a deal_worth25 million with a private investment company, which will finance his search engine.traffic in our citiesthe volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. this causes many prob

22、lems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk of accidents. clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.one possible approach is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars

23、by_increasing charges for parking and bring in tougher fines for anyone who breaks the law. in addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. this system,known as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special

24、 electronic card_fixed to the windscreen of the car.another way of dealing with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. drivers and their passengers then use a special bus service for the final stage o

25、f their journey.of course, the most important thing is to provide good public transport. however, to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares kept at an acceptable level.telling tales about people讲述关于人们的故事on

26、e of the most common types of nonfiction最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这类作品。这些故事大致分为三类：自传、回忆录和传记。自传是作者记录自己故事的文章。通常自传会以作者最早期的回忆开始并以对现在情况的总结作为结束。自传的作者也许不会完全客观地介绍自己。然而，他们给读者提供了一个途径来了解自己比较好的行事风格和为何成就这样的自己。就像本杰明·富兰克林和海伦·凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。其他的作者就像詹姆斯，乔伊斯一样仅仅写了关于自己生活的虚构小说。这些不是自传，但是它们和自传非常

27、相近。严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。回忆录作者通常把这些事件作为他们生活的背景。他们详细地描述这些事件并论述这些事件的重要性。虽然近些年，回忆录这个词似乎开始变得可以和自传互换，但是目前回忆录也许还没有因外界评论而有所改变。传记事实上是记录（作者以外）其他人的生活。在很多方面，传记也许是这三种非小说类文学作品中最难写的了。自传作者知悉他们所写的事件因为他们就生活在其中。但是传记作者不得不尽量从很多不同的渠道来收集信息。然后他们不得不决定包含哪种事实。他们的目标是用比较全面的图片来介绍一个人物，并不是过于积极也不是过于批判。一个公

28、正并详尽的传记也许要花费许多年来研究并进行书写。may take years to research and write.1.this passage is mostly about -the characteristics of autobiographies, memoirs, and biographies2.helen keller wrote -an autobiography3.autobiography writers are not always objective because they -want to present themselves in a good light

29、4.the writer introduces each category in the passage by -defining it5.diverse means -varied or differentoutside-the-classroom learning makes a big difference课外学习带来很大不同putting a bunch of college students让一群大学生去负责募集30万美元的马拉松跳舞活动，这种募捐听起来肯定有点儿冒险。当你知道这笔募捐款是提供给需要医疗护理的儿童，你可能会觉得这个想法很疯狂。佛罗里达大学一个22岁的学生darren

30、heitner说大多数学生领导者不想在他们不太关注的事情上花太多时间。他任马拉松跳舞经营部经瑪年了。yvonne fangmeyer是威斯康星大学学生社团办公室主任，在2月进行了一次学生参加校园社团的调查。她说增进友谊是大家提到最多的参加校园社团的原因。像fangmeyer大学那样大规模的学校，有4万多学生，学生首先想要找到属于他们的校园一角。威斯康星大四的学生katie rowley肯定了调查结果。“我加入校园社团希望让校园感觉上变得小一些，这样不仅可以投入到校园生活中还可以交到很多朋友。”这些关于友谊的看法并不意味着学生不考虑他们的经历. heitner说：“我认为很多人加入校园社团来丰富

31、经历，刚上大学的时候，我加入了一些校园社团，希望培养自己的领导能力。”但是如果没有热情，学生领导者很难经受风雨考验。例如，在4月份，威斯康星大学几个学生社团开展了一项活动，向学生讲述无家可归和贫困。学生领导必须面对一些问题，比如解决争论，受雨天影响而更改活动日期，与学校复杂的机构打交道。fangmeyer说：“课外的这种学习确实带来很大不同。”makes a big difference”, fangmeyer said1.an extracurricular activity like raising a fund of $300,000 is risky because most stud

32、ent leaders -will not take an interest in it2.american students join campus organizations mostly for -building friendship3.who is katie rowley?-shes a senior student4.what do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end?-passion5.the phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph 6 cou

33、ld be best replaced by -polishshark attack!小心鲨鱼！ craig rogers was sitting on his surfboard克雷格.罗杰斯正坐在他的冲浪板上估算着下一波浪离他还有多远，就在这时冲浪板不动了。他低头向水下看，惊悚的一幕出现了： 一条大白鲨正在撕咬冲浪板的前端。“我的肘部可能都已经碰到了它的眼睛”，克雷格谈道。原来，这条鲨鱼悄悄地浮上了水面，完全没让克雷格听到。 克雷格惊慌害怕，手足无措，但是偶然之间他被鲨鱼咬掉了两支手指，然后随着滑板翻了个个儿，他也掉进水里。就在那时，处于水中的克雷格两支手指鲜血直流，但这条五米长 的鲨鱼却

34、径直游开，消失在深海之中。 虽然鲨鱼常被认为是疯狂杀人的猎手，但事实上这是不准确的。鲨鱼很少猎杀人类。比起被鲨鱼杀死，人类更有可能被闪电击中或是淹死在浴缸中。在上个世纪，有报道的只有74人命丧鲨鱼之口。然而大白鲨可以长封6米长、2200公斤重或是更重。3000颗牙齿排成数排长在鲨鱼那可怕的血盆大口中，它们可以轻易杀死并吃掉无助的落水者。但为什么大多数人受到大白鲨攻击之后都能鲨口逃生呢？鲨鱼研究者们正在努力寻找使得人类鲨口脱险的原因。 最常用的解释是说大白鲨的视力不好。人们认为大白鲨会把人类错当成是海豹或是海狮，后两者是鲨鱼的主要食物来源。但是人类又找到了理由来质疑这一论断。最近的研究信息表明大

35、白鲨视力不错。并且当大白鲨在攻击海豹时，它们会迅速窜上海面，用力撕咬。但当大白鲨在攻击人类时，它们在大多数情况下会慢慢浮上海面，撕咬的力度也轻得多。它们很快就会发现人类的肉不够肥。“它们把我们吐出来是因为我们太瘦了”，艾丹.马丁说道，他是鲨鱼研究暗礁搜索中心的领头人。 诸如马丁这样的鲨鱼研究者们提出了这样一种假设：大白鲨实际上是一种好奇心很重的动物，它们喜欢探索新鲜事物。有可能它们撕咬物体不仅仅是为了猎杀和吃掉，也是为了搜集信息。虽然这种经历对于像克雷格罗杰斯这些人来说很不幸，但是当鲨鱼在撕咬冲浪板， 或是别的物体，甚至是人类时，很可能它们只是在尽量了解那到底是个什么东西。are likely

36、 just trying to learn what they are1.after craig rogers fell into the water, the shark -swam away2.it is difficult for the author to understand why great whites -often let humans escape3.which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4?-are4.the word their in line 2 o

37、f paragraph 4 means -great whites'5.what is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?-we now know great whites don't mistake humans for other animals.feast on turkey and good wishes at thanksgiving火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福four weeks ago us children dressed 四周前，美国的孩子打扮成鬼怪，四处要糖吃。这就是万圣节。几周之后就是圣诞节，美国的房子都会被染成红色和绿

38、色，里面放满了礼物。似乎这一切还不够，这周的星期二，美国人还会庆祝另外一个节日感恩节。孩子们有两天不上课，商店歇业，房子里面家人喜欢的食物堆成了山。每年在佛罗里达的gainesville，会有一个班级一起庆祝感恩节。全班同学会打扮起来，为家人表演剧目。剧目过后一家人分享一顿传统的感恩节美食，比如火鸡和南瓜饼。dean foster，一个10岁的男孩愿意加入这样的庆祝活动。他说： “我喜欢感恩节，因为不用上学，有很多好吃的，还有快乐的家庭聚会。”他9岁的弟弟ben说：“感恩节最大的好处，就是它一结束圣诞节就开始了。”但是在食物和花掉的大笔钱的背后有另一层寓意。周二晚上，dean和ben的家人会做

39、一个篮子，吃晚饭的时候把它放在桌子上。每个人会把他们要感谢的东西列在一张单子上，放在篮子里。一家人会读出每一张单子上写的内容，花时间感谢上帝，感谢彼此给予这样舒适幸福的生活。感恩节是一个传统节日，起源于1621年第一批朝圣者来到美洲开始新生活的时候。艰苦的第一年后，在秋天取得了大丰收。他们举行了盛宴，并邀请了当地的土著印第安人一起感谢上帝给予他们充足的食物。很多国家庆祝感恩节，时间经常是在庄稼成熟，收割完毕准备过冬之时。and the crops collected for winter1.on halloween,children in the united states often dre

40、ss up as -ghosts2.when are turkey and pumpkin pie eaten?-on thanksgiving.3.thanksgiving is the time for the american people to thank god for -providing them with comfortable and happy lives4.many children in the united states like thanksgiving because -they can stay with their parents at home and ea

41、t a lot of nice food5.the first pilgrims settled in america in -1620the travels of ibn battuta伊本白图泰游记 i left tangier, my birthplace, the 13th of june“1325年6月13日，我离开了家乡丹吉尔，打算前往麦加朝圣。我告别了所有的朋友，如鸟儿离巢般，告别故土。”这便是伊本白图泰游记的序言。这份旧的手稿存放在巴黎一家图书馆里。 这个年轻的摩洛哥人所处的年代比哥伦布的年代要早了几乎两个世纪，从他出发去麦加算起，30年之后伊本白图泰才回到故乡，那时的他已经晋

42、升到历史上伟大旅行家的行列。出于好奇，他游历了伊斯兰世界的各个角落，足迹遍布了 44座现代城市，总行程是马可波罗的3倍。虽然在西方社会不怎么有名，伊本白图泰在阿拉伯国家却家喻户晓。在伊本白图泰的故乡丹吉尔，有以他命名的广场、旅店、咖啡馆、渡船，甚至汉堡。 伊本白图泰以学生的身份在麦加待了几年，但对于游历的渴望很快又让他重新出发。 有一次他来到印度，在德里的苏丹王那里谋到了一份收入颇丰的工作。他写到，在去德里的路上，他的队伍在野外被80名步兵和2位马夫攻击：“我们进行了殊死搏斗杀死 他们的一位马夫和差不多12名步兵我和马都中了箭，但是多谢真主的恩赐，最后我活了下来我们背着亡者的头颅前往阿布巴卡尔

43、的城堡并把这些头颅挂在城墙上。” 因为有在麦加的学习经历，德里的苏丹王给伊本白图泰安排了法官的工作。但是这位苏丹王脾气古怪，性情多变，所以伊本白图泰想借机逃走：当苏丹王提出要资助伊本白图泰去中国旅行时，他同意了。伊本白图泰将要乘着三艘船起航，但他还未离岸，不幸便降临了。一场突如其来的暴风雨摧毁了两艘船，吹走了财宝，许多船员和马匹都溺水而亡。他眼睁睁看着载着他的财物和奴隶的第三艘船被吹到了海上，从此便再无音讯。更糟的是，他的孩子也在这艘船上。 最后摩洛哥的苏丹王要求一生游历的伊本白图泰回家和世人分享他的智慧。幸运的是， 他同意了此事并写了本书。这本书已被翻译成了很多种语言，可以让世人了解他那无与

44、伦比的旅行经历。 read about his unparalleled journeys1.what is the passage mainly about?-the adventures of ibn battuta.2.which of the following is closest in meaning to set off for in line 5?-left to go to.3.the sultan of delhi gave ibn battuta a position of judge because -ibn battuta had studied in mecca4.

45、which of the following would the writer of this passage most likely agree with?-ibn battuta should be better known in the west today.5.why did ibn battuta finally return to his home?-the sultan of morocco asked him to return.tv shows and long bus trips看电视与长途汽车旅行long bus rides are like television sho

46、ws乘长途汽车旅行与看电视一样，有开始、中间和结尾，每隔三四分钟都会看到各种商业广告。这些商业广告是不可避免的，不管你是想要还是不想要。每隔几分钟就会有一块广告牌从车窗外闪过。比如“买超洁净牙膏”，“饮格威特露啤酒”， “请用太平洋汽油”等。只有当你睡着的时候，就和关掉电视一样，才会免受那些没完没了的“你需要它，现在就来买吧！”的干扰。旅行刚开始是蛮舒服的，甚至有点令人兴奋，即使你以前曾沿此路线旅行过。通常会有不少变化，新的房屋，新的高楼，有时甚至会有一段新的道路。司机有自己的开车方式，开始一两小时计算车速挺有趣的。如果碰上一个特别粗心大意或胆大的司机，那乘车就会像读扣人心弦的故事一样让人兴奋

47、。司机能及时超过那辆卡车吗？司机开车进左手还是右手车道呢？当然，过了会儿，兴奋也就没了。小睡片刻有助于度过中间的几个小时。而食物则会让旅程更加有趣，不过吃食物的时候，千万别吃太多咸食，那样你会很口渴。旅程的最后倒有点像刚开始。知道自己快下车了，你满怀期望和兴奋。当然，随着时间一小时一小时过去，座位变得越来越硬。到目前为止，你交叉着双腿，把手放在大腿上，把手放在扶手上，甚至把双手交叉托于脑后。旅行结束得正是时候，正好没有别的坐姿可以变换了。there are just no more ways to sit1.according to the passage,what do the passen

48、gers usually see when they are on a long bus trip?-advertisements on billboards.2.what is the purpose of this passage?-to talk about the similarities between long bus trips and tv shows.3.the writer of this passage would probably favor -no billboards along the road4.the writer feels long bus rides a

49、re like tv shows because -they both have a beginning,a middle,and an end,with commercials in between5.the writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the begriming because both are -excitingmodern sun worshippers现代日光浴崇拜者people travel for a lot of reasons人们外出观光旅游的原因有许多，一些旅游者去看古战场或是宗教圣殿；一些

50、旅游者去追寻文化之源或是仅仅在名胜之地请人给他们照几张相。但大多数欧洲游客愿意寻找阳光充足的海滩晒日光浴.北欧人心甘情愿花大笔钱，容忍诸多不便去获得阳光，因为阳光对他们来说太难得了。由于冬季白天很短，像伦敦、哥本哈根和阿姆斯特丹的居民在冬季的大部分时间里，都是在昏暗中度过的，而其余的季节又都是阴雨连绵。这就是地中海地区成为人们向往之地的原因。每年夏天，有2 500多万旅游者来到地中海的一些旅游胜地和海滨度假。他们都是为了同一个原因而来：阳光！众多的游客意味着为地中海地区的国家带来巨大的经济财富。每年夏季，意大利的3万多家旅馆全部客满，而且还有1 300多万的游客要在法国的海滩、公园和路边宿营。

51、西班牙那漫长的海岸线更成了众多旅游者慕名前往的地方。每年有3 700多万游客，换句话说，旅游者与西班牙居民人数相当，即1：1。但有一些迹象表明，旅游业的发展已超出该地区的承受能力。地中海已成了地球上污染最严重的海洋。而随着游客的增多，情况变得更糟。法国人想不出什么好办法来处理宿营在圣特罗佩周围的那些游客所丢掉的废物垃圾。而且在许多地方因为海水受到了污染，游泳已成为一种危险的活动。然而，这些都没有破坏人们的兴致。每年到地中海观光的游客越来越多。很显然，他们不是为了清洁的海水和清静自在而前往的。他们忍受着交通堵塞的煎熬，而且似乎很喜欢拥挤的海滩。他们甚至不在乎污染。不管海水是怎样的污浊不堪，海岸线

52、看起来仍是那么美。只要有阳光照耀，总比坐在伦敦、柏林或奥斯陆的凄风冷雨中好得多。cold rain in berlin, london, or oslo1.the writer seems to imply that europeans travel mostly for the reason that -they wish to escape from the cold,dark and rainy days back at home2.in paragraph 2,cities like london,copenhagen,and amsterdam are mentioned -to s

53、how that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climate3.according to the passage, which of the following countries attracts more tourists than the others?-spain4.the latter half of the last sentence in paragraph 3,i. e. , “or one tourist for every person living in spain” means -every ye

54、ar almost as many tourists visit spain as there are people living in that country5.according to the passage, which of the following factors might spoil the tourists fun at mediterranean resorts and beaches?-rainy weather.the changing middle class变化中的中产阶级the united states perceives itself to 美国把自己看成是

55、一个中产阶级的国家。然而，中产阶级既不是一个真实的称号，也不会带来特别待遇。它更是一个观念，一个也许在第二次世界大战之后会变得更加正确的观念。那时，美国经济不断增长，越来越多的人拥有了自己的家庭，工人们和雇佣自己的公司签订了可靠的合同，并且几乎所有想受到高等教育的人能够接受教育。成功的人士享受这种上升的社会流动性。他们也许之前很穷，但是他们能够变得富有。成功人士同样发现他们有更好的地理流动性。换句话说，他们发现自己正移居并生活在各种各样的地方。这些中产阶级都持有几种相同的价值观和原则。认为赚取足够金钱就可以决定自己经济命运的想法，是其中一种比较强烈的价值观。另外，中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任

56、感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。但是在20世纪90年代，这些中产阶级的人们发现了成功的代价。1994年，美国新闻与世界报道的二篇调查称，75%的美国人认为中产阶级家庭无法收支相抵。现在夫妻双方以及他们的一些孩子都在工作；遥远的上下班路程变成了常态，儿童看护给家庭带来了很大压力，并且公立学校已经不如以前那样好了。中产阶级的成员不再通过薪水来支付他们的生活所需，而是通过使用信用卡来维持生活。对于中产阶级的理解正在发生变化。middle class meant was changing1.the information in this passage deals with -

57、a social and economic group2.a common middle class value is that -the family is very important3.in the years after world war ii, the middle class could be defined as -prosperous and optimistic4.the phrase “in other words” in the first paragraph means that the following statement is -a restatement of

58、 the previous idea5.the word collectively means -as a groupsingle-parent kids do best单亲幼儿最出色single mums are better at raising单身母亲在抚养孩子方面比双亲要好至少在鸟的世界是这样的。母斑胸草雀必须要努力工作且只能抚养较少的小鸟，但是它们抚养的雄性后代更有吸引力，更容易得到配偶。这个发现显示家庭冲突是与捕食和食物提供等生态因素同样重要的进化推动力。身边有双亲就总会有利益冲突，这会对后代的质量产生有害的影响。从进化的角度讲，在动物界，任何一个父亲或母亲的最佳策略都是让他人来照

59、顾后代，这样，它们就可以集中精力再繁殖后代。所以父母之间很自然就出现了相互推卸责任的现象。但是兰卡斯特大学的阿兰·哈特利及他的工作组想知道家庭是如何解决这个冲突的，以及冲突本身是如何影响后代的。为了找到答案他们衡量斑胸草雀抚养它们的子女花了多少力气。他们监控每个母亲或父亲采集的食物量，以及移动或增加小鸟，因此每对草雀养4只小鸟，每只单身母雀养两只假定这是相同的工作量。通过这些方法他们对单身母雀和成对草雀做了比较。但是他们发现单身母雀比与配偶共同抚养后代的母雀多付出25%。如果公雀太懒的话，为了避免受到剥削，有配偶的母雀并不十分努力工作。这样做的后果就是后代付出代价。哈特利说：“后代要为这种冲突付出某些代价。”这种代价不是表现在身材和