自考本科英语2动词时态和语态

1、征服英语王国中的男人征服英语王国中的男人_动词动词 一一.动词的分类动词的分类 行为动词行为动词(实义动词实义动词)-Vt. / Vi. 系动词系动词-be 助动词助动词(4伙人伙人) 情态动词情态动词 二二.动词是英语的灵魂无处不在，每句必有作谓语无处不在，每句必有作谓语谓语动词：谓语动词：dodoesdoingdiddone（时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致）（时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致）无所不能，可作任何句子成分无所不能，可作任何句子成分 非谓语动词：非谓语动词：to dodoingdonedo（做主、宾、定、状、补、表）（做主、宾、定、状、补、表）所以使用动词时，首先要搞清楚它在句中

2、是谓语动词所以使用动词时，首先要搞清楚它在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，再作相应变化还是非谓语动词，再作相应变化。 主动语态和被动语态之主动语态和被动语态之常用十大时态的谓语动词构成常用十大时态的谓语动词构成 一般现在时一般现在时 am/is/are do / does 一般过去时一般过去时 was / were did 一般将来时一般将来时 will be / do am/is/are + to do 过去将来时过去将来时 would + be/do 现在进行时现在进行时 am /is /are + doing 过去进行时过去进行时 was / were + doing 将来进行时将来进行时

3、 will + be doing 现在完成时现在完成时 have / has + been / done 过去完成时过去完成时 had + been /done 将来完成时将来完成时 will + have done 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 have / has + been doing 时态(共16种,常见的有11种)一般现在时一般现在时:常与always，often，usually，seldom，never等词连用。 经常、习惯的动作：主语+ vt/vi（s） 现在存在的状态：主语+ am/is/are 注意：主谓一致 The sun rises in the east and se

4、ts in the west. 在状语从句中(主将从现) I will tell him if he comes. 一般过去时一般过去时 过去某点时间发生的动作（主语过去某点时间发生的动作（主语+ vt/vi过去式）或存在的状过去式）或存在的状态（主语态（主语+was/were+表语）表语） 常用时间状语常用时间状语yesterday系列系列,last系列系列 ,then, at that time,（时间段）（时间段）+ago，before, in 1840, in July.或表示过去时间的或表示过去时间的状语从句。状语从句。He lay in bed when I saw him.The

5、y stayed in Jinan three days ago.I saw the girl before.They were dead in 1990. 一般将来时一般将来时将要发生的动作： 主语 Will shall +V原将要存在的状态： 主语+ will / shall be + 表语其他结构：be going to + V原 be to + V原 be about to + V原be + having / coming / going / arriving / leaving / starting I am going to buy a new dictionary.We are

6、having a meeting this afternoon.Am I to take over her work?The meeting is about to begin.The weather forecast says that it will be fine tomorrow. 过去将来时过去将来时在叙述过去事情时，从过去某个时刻看将要在叙述过去事情时，从过去某个时刻看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态；用于宾语发生的动作或将要存在的状态；用于宾语从句中；也可以表示过去习惯性的动作。从句中；也可以表示过去习惯性的动作。I told him that I would never reve

7、al the secret to others.When he was a child, he would sit there reading for hours. 现在进行时现在进行时主语主语+ am/is/are + V-ing常用词常用词 now,at present , at this moment, these days*主语主语+ am/is/are + being + 表语表语表示暂时特征或表现，带有感情色彩。表示暂时特征或表现，带有感情色彩。You are being naughty, Tom. Good boys never do that. 汤姆，你这汤姆，你这次不乖啊，好

8、孩子不该那样做。次不乖啊，好孩子不该那样做。 过去进行时过去进行时主语主语+ was/were + V-ingWhen he called me, I was reading the newspaper.*与与 always, constantly, forever连用，连用，带有感情色彩带有感情色彩表示表示“总是总是” My father was always smoking.我爸爸总是吸烟。我爸爸总是吸烟。 She was forever finding fault with me. 她总是挑我的毛病。她总是挑我的毛病。 现在完成时现在完成时already, yet, recently,

9、lately, just, by /up to / till now, so far, these days, before, since过去时间点过去时间点, for时间段 He has already come. He has not come yet. He has just come.I have learned two hundred words by now.We havent seen each other since we graduated.We have been good friends for more than twenty years.*it has been /

10、is + since + 主语+瞬间动词动词It is/ it will be the first/second time/day.thatIts the first time Ive been to Beijing.*过去动作或状态，无过去动作或状态，无 时间状语时间状语My father got up. My father has got up. Where is he? 过去完成时过去完成时1. 主语+ had been/V过去分词 + by, before,after，since, until 短语或从句（过去时间） By the end of last year，he had col

11、lected five thousand foreign coins. By the time he got home, all the guests had left.2. intend, want, hope, plan, mean, think用过去完成时，表示打算干而没干。We had planned to finish the work before August. 将来完成时将来完成时将来某时刻之前完成的动作，表示推测。They will have stayed here for five months next week.She will have arrived there by now