中考英语语法第11讲--情态动词课件(30ppt)(1)

1、考点直击：考点直击：3.3.掌握常用情态动词掌握常用情态动词can,could,may,might,must,need,can,could,may,might,must,need,shall,will,should,wouldshall,will,should,would等的用法。等的用法。1.掌握情态动词的定义：表示掌握情态动词的定义：表示可能、怀疑、允诺、愿可能、怀疑、允诺、愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词是情态动词。是情态动词。2.掌握情态动词的特征：有一定的词义，表示说话人掌握情态动词的特征：有一定的词义，表示说话人对某一动作的看法和态度，但不能单独作谓语，必

2、对某一动作的看法和态度，但不能单独作谓语，必须和另一个须和另一个动词原形动词原形一起构成谓语；情态动词一起构成谓语；情态动词没有没有人称和数的变化人称和数的变化，含有情态动词的句子改为问句和，含有情态动词的句子改为问句和否定句时，无需添加助动词，可直接构成问句和否否定句时，无需添加助动词，可直接构成问句和否定句。定句。 一、情态动词是什么？行为动词系动词助动词情态动词能够独立做谓语不能独立做谓语掌握情态动词的定义：掌握情态动词的定义：表示可能、怀疑、允诺、表示可能、怀疑、允诺、愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词是情态动词。愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词是情态动词。二、情态动词的基本句型二、情态动词

3、的基本句型 陈述句陈述句 主主+情态动词情态动词+ v原原 疑问句疑问句 情态动词情态动词+主主+ v原原？ 考点：注意考点：注意may, must疑问句的回答疑问句的回答. 否定句否定句 -主主+情态动词情态动词 not+ v原原 考点：注意考点：注意had better, need两种词性两种词性.三、常考的情态动词三、常考的情态动词can能能; 可能可能-couldmay可以可以-mightmust必须必须;一定一定need需要需要-非标准情态动词非标准情态动词should应该应该-shall would将要将要-willhad better 最好最好used to 过去常常过去常常wo

4、uld rather 宁愿宁愿能力乐意可能Can 是情态动词，不能独立做谓语是情态动词，不能独立做谓语be able to是系动词，能够独立做谓语，有时态变化是系动词，能够独立做谓语，有时态变化所有表示所有表示“意愿类题目意愿类题目”，都适用，都适用_you give me some water?表推测时表推测时must肯定肯定;一定是一定是（无否定）（无否定）cant 不可能是不可能是（用于否定）（用于否定）Can/Could1. He will _ finish it by himself.can/ may/ be able to/ 不填不填2. _you give me another

5、suggestion?can/ could/must/may3. She _ run fast, but I cant.may/ must/ need/ canbe able to/ 不填不填Can/Couldcan4.-Look at the boy running on the groundIs it Davis? -It _be himI saw him go to the teachers office just nowA must B cant Ccould DmightB乐意可能肯定回答一般是：肯定回答一般是：Yes, please./Certainly./ Sure等，等，否定回

6、答一般是：否定回答一般是：Please dont./No，you cant. can多用于多用于疑问句和否定句疑问句和否定句，表示怀疑或不相信等态度；，表示怀疑或不相信等态度；而而may则多用于则多用于陈述句（肯定），陈述句（肯定），表示一种揣测。表示一种揣测。He_ be right他可能对他可能对He_ be right他不可能对他不可能对maycant-May I skate on the lake now? -No, you _.Its dangerous.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. needntA必须肯定肯定回答：肯定回答：yes, must否定

7、回答：否定回答：no, you neednt/ dont have todont have to/ neednt不必不必 mustnt一定不能一定不能must 表必须有否定；表必须有否定； 表推测肯定，表推测肯定，不能用否定句不能用否定句 must的否定的否定I didnt hear the phone. I_ have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了must _I try out all the ideas?No, you _. A. Must, mustnt B. Need, need C. Must, dont have to

8、 D. Must, dontc情态动词情态动词行为动词行为动词你不需要现在回答这个问题。你不需要现在回答这个问题。You _answer the question now.You _answer the question now.你不需要现在回答这个问题。你不需要现在回答这个问题。needntdont need to-Need I answer the question now?-Yes, you must. /No, you neednt.used tobe used to doingbe used to doHe used to go shopping on weekends.The En

9、glishman_ (不习惯不习惯驾驶驾驶)on the right in China.Pens _(用来写字用来写字)on paper.他过去常常周末去买东西他过去常常周末去买东西isnt used to drivingare used to writeare used for writinghad better最好 had better(常简略为常简略为d better)是一固定词组，是一固定词组，had better最好最好，用于表示对别人的劝告、建，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。议或表示一种愿望。其用法有以下两点：其用法有以下两点：had better后面必须跟后面必须跟动

10、词原形动词原形，构成，构成had better do sth.句型；其否定形式在句型；其否定形式在had better后加后加not,构成构成had better not do sth. 这里的这里的had不能用不能用have来替换来替换,不表示过去式。如：不表示过去式。如：Tom, youd better go there today.汤姆，你最好今天去那儿。汤姆，你最好今天去那儿。你最好立刻就做。你最好立刻就做。你最好不要碰它。你最好不要碰它。Youd better do it right now.Youd better not touch it.would rather do.than

11、do/would dorather than do 解析解析:宁愿而不愿，中考共三种表达方式宁愿而不愿，中考共三种表达方式1、prefer to do.rather than do宁愿做宁愿做而不愿而不愿做做(动词词组动词词组) I prefer to run rather than stay at home. 我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里2、would rather do.than do宁愿做宁愿做而不愿做而不愿做 I would rather run than stay at home. 我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里.3、preferto 相

12、对于猫相对于猫/跳舞跳舞,我更喜欢狗我更喜欢狗/唱歌唱歌. Would rather是情态动词，否定为是情态动词，否定为 would rather not do I prefer dogs/singing to cats/dancing.He would rather_(不看电视不看电视).宁愿做宁愿做而不愿做而不愿做not watch TVCan与could的相同与不同 Canl 能力能力- He said: “I can do that.”2.乐意乐意 -Can I help you?3.不可能（推测）不可能（推测） It cant be rainy. Couldl 能力能力,是是can的

13、过式的过式 He said that he _do that .2.表乐意表乐意,could可独一词可独一词. -Could I go with you?could(willwould; shall should于此相似) Will只用于将来时只用于将来时, He will come tomorrow.2.shall, will用来征求对方意见，用来征求对方意见，shall用于第一人称，用于第一人称，will用用于第二于第二.三人称，用来表示意三人称，用来表示意愿愿.Lets go to the zoo,_?Let us go shopping, _?Would过去将来时，是过去将来时，是wi

14、ll的的过去式过去式.He said that he_come tomorrow.2.表乐意；想要表乐意；想要 Would you like?3.虚拟语气虚拟语气If I _a million dollars,I _give it to charity.wouldshall wewill you had would must和和have to-Must we finish giving out the posters today?-Yes, we _. It cant be put off any longer. A. can B. may C. must答案答案C。解析解析 回答由回答由mu

15、st引起的一般疑问句，引起的一般疑问句，其其肯定答语要用肯定答语要用must，不能用，不能用can或或may。故选。故选C。-I didnt pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games recently.-I agree. You _ play like that any more. 河南省河南省A. neednt B. mustnt C. may not D. wouldnt答案答案B。解析解析 此处选此处选mustnt。表示。表示“一定不能一定不能”“万万不能不能”，用较强的语气

16、来提醒对方不能再玩游戏了。，用较强的语气来提醒对方不能再玩游戏了。When traffic lights are red. We _stop and wait. 南京市南京市A. may B. can C. must D. might.答案答案C.解析解析 考查情态动词考查情态动词,must必须，表示禁止必须，表示禁止。1.-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Of course you _.陕西省陕西省A. can B. must C. should D. will答案答案A。解析解析 上文的上文的could并不表示过去，而只并不表示过去，而只是一种委婉的说法是一

17、种委婉的说法，所以答语用，所以答语用can更礼貌些。更礼貌些。2.-What about playing football this afternoon, Sam? -I would rather _ at home than _ football. Its too hot outside. A. stay; playing B. stay; play C. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing答案答案：B。解析解析本题考查了本题考查了would rather的固定短语的的固定短语的应用。应用。Would rather do A than do B 和做和做

18、B比起来，宁愿做比起来，宁愿做A。1._I open the window?Its hot here. A.Must B.Shall C.Will D.Would2.Go and ask Mr Liu.He _tell you. A.may B.can C.would D.could3._you please tell me the time please? A.Shall B.Will C.May D. Might4._I speak to Mr Green，please? A.Will B.Could C.Must D.Would BABB 当堂训练当堂训练5.He said Kate _

19、come to the party. But I dont think so. A. could B. might C. need D. must6.Need I do my lessons right now? Yes, you_. A.need B.can C.should D.mustBD7.He used to _ in the sun, but now he is used to at night. read, read B. reading, read A. C. read, reading D. reading, reading8.-May I do the rest of th

20、e work tomorrow? -Yes, of course. You _finish it today. A. must B. should C. mustnt D. neednt9.You _be tired after working for eight hours without a rest. A. can B. may C. must D. need 当堂训练当堂训练10.-Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?Id love to. But Im afraid I_.I have too much work

21、to do. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may notACDCSummary:三、常考的情态动词。三、常考的情态动词。can能能; 可能可能-could may可以可以-mightmust必须必须;一定一定 need需要需要-非标准情态动词非标准情态动词should应该应该-shall would将要将要-willhad better 最好最好 used to 过去常常过去常常would rather 宁愿宁愿一一、 情态动词的定义：表示情态动词的定义：表示可能、怀疑、允诺、可能、怀疑、允诺、猜测猜测等动词等动词。二二、情态动词的基本句式。情态动词的基本句式

22、。 情态动词情态动词+（not）+do.Finish exercises on P104-106.10.Dont worry! We can get to the bus station in time and _the early bus. A. dont miss B. can miss C. will miss D. wont miss11.Please dont make any noise in the reading room. _ A. Sorry, I wont. B. Sorry, I cant. C. Yes, I wont. D.OK,I didnt.12.Must I

23、return your digital camera tomorrow. Tina? No, you_. A. mustnt B. may not C. neednt D. wontACD 课时训练课时训练12.To make our city more beautiful，rubbish_into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C.cant throw D. may not throwBDAB 课时训练课时训练13.Would you like some more? _Im full. A.Yes,please. B.I

24、d love to. C.No,I wouldnt. D.No,thanks.14.You_swim in this part of the lake. Its dangerous. A. mustnt B.may not C. neednt D.wont15.Your e-mail address again? I_quite catch it. Hr Zhou . A.dont B.cant C.wont D. didnt 4.He used to _ in the sun, but now he is used to at night. A. read, read B. reading, read C. read, reading D. reading, reading 答案：C。解析考查固定结构的用法。Used 后接动词不定时，be used to 后接动名词。故选C。 5.You _do it if you really dont want to. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. couldnt 答案A。解析 考查情态动词。本题应由句意人手破解。如果你不想做