电气外文文献及翻译高层建筑供配电系统设计

1、power supply system of high-rise building design   abstract: with the continuous development of city size, more and more high-rise buildings, therefore, high-rise building electrical design to the designers had to face. in this paper, an engineering example, describes the electrical design of h

2、igh-rise buildings and some of the more typical issues of universal significance, combined with the actual practice of an engineering solution to the problem described. key words: high-rise building; electrical design; distribution; load calculation 1 project overview the commercial complex project,

3、 with a total construction area of 405570m2, on the ground floor area of 272330m2, underground construction area of 133240m2, the main height of 99m. project components are: two office buildings, construction area is 70800m2, 28 layers, the standard story is 3.2m. 2 load calculation 1) load characte

4、ristics: electric load, much larger than the "national civil engineering technical measures" large 120w/m2 indicators, especially in the electricity load more food, and different types of food and beverage catering different cultural backgrounds also high. 2) the uncertainty of a large loa

5、d, because the commercial real estate rents are often based on market demand, and constantly adjust the nature of the shops, making the load in the dynamic changes. 3) there is no specification and technical measures in the different types of commercial projects refer to the detailed parameters of t

6、he shops, engineering design load calculation in the lack of data, in most cases to rely on staff with previous experience in engineering design calculations. load the selection of parameters: for the above problems, the load calculation, the first developer of sales and good communication, to deter

7、mine the form of layers of the forms and nature of floor area, which is calculated on the basis of electrical load basis; followed to determine parameter index within the unit area of shops is also very important and complex because there is no clear indicator of the specification can refer to; and

8、different levels of economic development between cities is not balanced, power indices are also different; will be in the same city, different regions have different consumer groups . 3) the need to factor in the choice: parameters determined, the need for load calculation. need to factor commonly u

9、sed method, the calculation will not repeat them. need to explore is the need for coefficient selection, which in the current specifications, manuals and the "unified technical measures" is also not clear requirements, based on years of design experience that most end shops in the distribu

10、tion or level within the household distribution box with case kx generally take a while, in the calculation of the loop route to take 0.7 to 0.8, the distribution transformers in the substation calculations take 0.4 to 0.6. 3 substations set load calculation based on the results of this project the

11、total installed capacity of transformer 43400kv.a, after repeated consultations with the power company, respectively, in the project in northern, central and southern three sections set the three buildings into three power substations, 1 # set 6 sets 2500kv.a transformer substation, take the norther

12、n section of power supply; 2 # 4 1600kv.a transformer substations located, plus 6 sets 2000kv.a transformers, take the middle of the power supply, in addition to 5 taiwan 10kv.a high-pressure water chillers (total 4000kv.a); 3 # substation located 2 units plus 2 units 1000kv.a 2000kv.a transformers,

13、 take the southern section of a, b two office supply. 10kv power configuration of this project into two points, each at the two 10kv lines, the power company under the provisions of 10kv power capacity: maximum load per channel is about to 11000kv.a, two is the 22000kv.a, design # 1 , 3 # combinatio

14、n of a substation 10kv, power line, with a total capacity of 21000kv.a; 2 # substation transformers and 10kv, 10kv chillers sharing a power line, with a total capacity of 22400kv.a. the design of the substation layout, in addition to meeting regulatory requirements, it also need to consider the high

15、-pressure cabinets, transformers and low voltage power supply cabinet by order of arrangement, especially in low voltage distribution cabinet to feed the cable smooth and easy inspection duty problems are not seriously consider the construction of the cable crossing will cause more long detour, a wa

16、ste of floor space, and convenient inspections and other issues. 4 small fire load power supply in the design of large commercial projects often encounter small fire load of electrical equipment and more dispersed distribution, if fed by a substation, a substation will be fed a lot of low-voltage lo

17、w-current counter circuit breaking capacity circuit breaker and conductor of the dynamic and thermal stability in a certain extent. according to gb50045-1995 "fire protection design of tall buildings," rule "should be used in fire equipment dedicated power supply circuit, the power di

18、stribution equipment shall be provided with clear signs." interpretation of the provisions of the power supply circuit means "from the low-voltage main distribution room (including the distribution of electrical room) to last a distribution box, and the general distribution lines should be

19、 strictly separated." in this design, the use of methods to increase the level of distribution, that is different from the substation bus segments, respectively, a fire fed a special circuit, set in place two distribution cabinets, distribution cabinets and then the resulting radial allocated t

20、o the end of the dual power to vote each box, so that not only meets the specification requirements for dedicated power supply circuit, but also to avoid feeding the substation level of many small current loop. 5, the choice of circuit breaker and conductor commercial real estate projects use the ro

21、om as the uncertainty in the choice of circuit breakers and conductors must be considered in a certain margin to meet the needs caused by adjustment of the load changes. according to this characteristic, increased use in the design of the plug bus-powered, not only meet the requirements of large car

22、rying capacity, and also allows the flexibility to increase supply and distribution, are reserved in each shaft in the plug-box backup in order to change, according to changes in upper and lower load, to adjust. for example: a bus is responsible for a shaft 1 to 3 layers of power, when a layer due t

23、o the change in capacity increases, while the 3-layer capacity is reduced, you can use a spare plug box layer off the 3-layer 1 layer capacity rationing . this level distribution in the substation, select the circuit breaker to choose the setting value when the circuit breaker to adjust to changes a

24、t the end to adjust the load setting value; in the bus and the transformer circuit breaker according to the choice of the general framework of values to select . for example: route certain equipment capacity 530kv, kx take 0.7 to calculate current of 704a, select the frame circuit breaker is 1000a,

25、tuning is 800a; current transformer for the 1000/50; bus carrying capacity for the 1000a, this road can meet the maximum 1000a current load requirements, even if there is adjustment, power distribution switches and circuit can not make big changes. 6 layer distribution box set according to the divis

26、ion of layers of fire protection district, respectively numbered as a k layers within the set level shaft for the retail lighting power distribution box, with one on one power supply shops in radial power. should be noted that the forms of the complex layers of layers of fire partition, does not cor

27、respond to the lower, making some of shaft power in charge of the fire district at the same time, also responsible for the power supply adjacent to the fire district. at design time, using the principle of proximity, while also taking into account the burden of the whole trunk load conditions, so th

28、at each shaft as far as possible a more balanced load. 7 public area distribution box set taking into account the future needs of the business re-decoration of public areas must be reserved for power. here the design needs to consider the following points: question of how much reserve power, lightin

29、g and electricity, which according to gb50034-2004 "architectural lighting design standards" table of article 6.1.3 and 6.1.8, commercial building lighting power density value, high-end supermarkets, business offices as 20w/m2, under the "decorative lighting included 50% of the total

30、lighting power density calculation" requirements, using the reserved standard 40w/m2. in order to facilitate the decoration in each partition set fire lighting in public areas and emergency lighting distribution box distribution box, in order to identify the electrical power distribution decora

31、tion cut-off point. the staircase, storage rooms and other parts of the decoration does not need to do, set the power distribution circuit or a separate distribution box, try not to be reserved from the public area of electricity distribution board fed hardcover out. control of lighting in public ar

32、eas, the majority in two ways, namely, c-bus control system or the ba system, the use of c-bus has the advantage of more flexible control, each road can be fed out of control, adjustable light control; shortcomings is a higher cost. ba system control advantages of using low cost, simple control; dis

33、advantage is that the exchanges and contacts for the three-phase, three-way control may be related both to open, or both, in the decoration of the contacts required to feed the power supply circuit diverge to avoid failure blackouts. design of distribution box 8 in the commercial real estate design,

34、 shop design is often only a meter box, and outlet route back to the needs of the user according to their second design, but the shops are difficult to resolve within the power supply fan coil units, air-conditioning system as a whole can not debug. the project approach is to add a circuit breaker i

35、n the meter box for the coil power supply, another way for users to use the second design, as shown below. user distribution box design 9 distribution cabinet / box number and distribution circuits large-scale projects are often low voltage distribution cabinet / box number, low-voltage circuits to

36、feed the more often there will be cabinet / box number and line number duplication, resulting in the design and the future looks difficult maintenance and overhaul. the project has three 10kv substations, 20 transformer, hundreds of low-voltage fed out of the closet, fed the circuit more. accordance

37、 with the international electrotechnical commission (iec) and the chinese national standard requirements: all the distribution number to be simple and clear, not too box and line numbers are not repeated. number to simple and clear, not too long. distinction between nature and type of load. law was

38、easy to find, make viewer at a glance. based on the above requirements and on the ground, fire district and the underground construction industry form the different conditions, using two slightly different ways. essential for the underground garage, uses a single comparison, also relatively fire dis

39、trict neat, according to fire district number, such as al-bl-1 / 1, ap and ape, the meaning of the letters and numbers: al on behalf of lighting distribution (ap on behalf of power distribution box, ape on behalf of the emergency power distribution box); bi on behalf of the basement; 1 / 1 for parti

40、tion 1, i fire box. above ground is more complex, more fire district, and on the fire district does not correspond to the lower, according to shaft number is better, such as al-1-a1, ap, and ape, letters and numbers mean: 1 represents a layer; a1 on behalf of a, no. 1 shaft fed a distribution box. f

41、ed a low-voltage circuits, such as the number of uses: w3-6-al-1-a1, w3-6) indicates that the route back to power supply transformer 3, 6, feed the power distribution cabinet, al-1-a1, said the then the first loop of the distribution box for the al-1-a1 and so on, and so on. 10 conclusion with more

42、and more complex commercial design projects, designers need to continually improve the design level, designed to make fine. these are only bits of the design in the business lessons learned, and the majority of designers want to communicate 高层建筑供配电系统设计 摘要：随着城市规模的不断发展，高层建筑越来越多，因此，高层建筑电气设计就成为设计者不得不面对的

43、问题。本文结合工程实例，介绍了高层建筑电气设计中一些比较典型且具有普遍意义的问题，结合某工程的实际做法阐述了问题的解决方法。关键词：高层建筑；电气设计；配电；负荷计算1工程概况本项目商业综合大楼，总建筑面积为405570m2，地上建筑面积272330m2，地下建筑面积133240m2,主体高度99m。项目组成为：办公楼两座，建筑面积为70800m2，28层，标准层高为3.2m。2 负荷计算1）负荷特点:用电负荷大,远大于全国民用建筑工程设计术措施中大120w/m2的指标,尤其是餐饮的用电负荷更大，而且不同类型、不同饮食文化背景的餐饮差别也很大。2）负荷的不确定性大，因为商业地产往往根据市场租的

44、需求，不断调整商铺的性质，使得负荷在动态变化之中。3）目前的规范和技术措施没有对商业项目中不同类别商铺的参数指进行细化，工程设计中的负荷计算缺少据，大多数情况只能靠设计人员凭借以往工程经验进行计算。负荷参数的选择：针对以上遇到的问题，进行负荷计算时，首先与开发商销售部门进行良好的沟通，确定各层的业态形式商铺面积和性质，这是电气负荷计算的基础依据；其次确定商铺内单位面积参数指标也很重要且复杂，因为规范中没有明确的指标可以参考；而且不同城市间的经济发展水平不均衡，用电指标也不同；便在同一城市不同区域的消费群体也有差异。3）需要系数的选择：参数确定后，需要进行负荷计算。一般采用需要系数法，计算过程不

45、再赘述。需要探讨的是需要系数的选择，这在现行规范、手册及统一技术措施中也没有明确的要求，根据多年的设计体会认为，在配电最末端商铺内户箱或层配电箱计算时kx一般取1，在各回路干线计算时取0.70.8，在变电所各配电变压器计算时取0.40.6。3变电所设置根据负荷计算结果，本工程的变压器总安装容量为43400kv.a，经与供电公司反复协商，分别在本工程的北、中和南三段设置3个变电所为三段建筑供电，1#变电所设6台2500kv.a变压器,承担北段供电；2#变电所设4台1600kv.a变压器,加6台2000kv.a变压器,承担中段的供电，另外还有5台10kv.a高压冷水机组（合计4000kv.a）；3

46、#变电所设2台2000kv.a加2台1000kv.a变压器，承担南段a、b两座办公楼供电。本工程配置两处10kv电源引入点，每处为两路10kv线路,根据供电公司对10kv电源容量的规定：每路最大负荷为11000kv.a左右，两路即为22000kv.a，设计1#、3#变电所合用一处10kv,电源进线，总容量为21000kv.a；2#变电所内变压器和10kv,冷水机组共用一处10kv电源进线，总容量为22400kv.a。在变电所平面布置的设计中，除了满足规范要求以外，还需要考虑高压柜、变压器和低压柜按供电顺序布置，尤其是低压配电柜馈出电缆的走向顺畅，值班人员巡视方便等问题如不认真考虑，会造成施工时

47、电缆交叉多、绕远路、浪费建筑面积以及巡视不方便等问题。4较小消防负荷的供配电在大型商业项目设计中经常会遇到消防用电设备负荷较小且分布较分散，若均由变电所馈出，会使得变电所低压柜馈出很多小电流回路，对断路器分断能力和导体的动、热稳定带来一定的影响。根据gb50045-1995高层民用建筑设计防火规范规定“消防用电设备应采用专用的供电回路，其配电设备应设有明显标志”。对供电回路的条文解释系指“从低压总配电室（包括分配电室）至最末一级配电箱，与一般配电线路均应严格分开”。在本设计中，采用了增加一级配电的方法，即从变电所不同母线段上分别馈出一条消防专用回路，在适当位置设置两台配电柜，再由此配电柜放射式配至末端双电源互投箱，这样既满足了规范对专用供电回路的要求，又避免在变电所级馈出许多小电流回路。5断路器及导体的选择由于商业地产项目房间用途的不确定性，在选择断路器和导体时必须考虑一定的裕量以满足调整造成的负荷变化。根据这一特点，在设计中较多地使用了插接母线供电，既可以满足大载流量的要求，又使供配电灵活性加大，在每层竖井中均预留备用插接箱，以便在变化时，可根据上下层负荷的变化，进行调整。例如：某竖井一段母线负责13层供电，当1层由于变化容量增大，而3层容量减小时，就可使用1