让步状语从句

1、让步状语从句定义：让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，其本身定义：让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，其本身也是状语从句。一般翻译为也是状语从句。一般翻译为“尽管尽管”或或“即即使使”，就是我们日常生活中用的，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说退一步说”的感觉。的感觉。引导让步状语从句的主要有：引导让步状语从句的主要有：though和和although（虽（虽然，纵然），然，纵然），while, as（虽然（虽然.但是但是.）; even if和和even though（即使（即使纵使纵使）; whether.or.(无论是无论是否或不管是否或不管是还是还是); no matter+疑问词（不管疑问词（

2、不管都都），疑问词），疑问词-ever，regardless of+名词名词/名词短语名词短语/名词从句，名词从句，despite和和in spite of(尽管尽管).普通句子easy文艺句子important超文艺句子very important 两个词同义，一般情况下可以互换使用，如：两个词同义，一般情况下可以互换使用，如： he didnt light the fire though / although it was cold. although 比比though 较正式，语气较重，常用于强调让步概较正式，语气较重，常用于强调让步概念，如：念，如： he insisted on do

3、ing it although i warned him not to. though可以和可以和even 连用，但连用，但although 不可以，如：不可以，如： although (even though) the traffic held us up, we got to the airport on time. 当让步状语从句是指一种假设的情况，不指事实时，通常当让步状语从句是指一种假设的情况，不指事实时，通常用用though，而不用，而不用although，如：，如：though all the world were against me, i shall still hold t

4、o my opinion. though可以在非正式文体中用作连接性状语，而可以在非正式文体中用作连接性状语，而although 则不行。（则不行。（though 可以放在句中或句末，通常用逗号隔开），可以放在句中或句末，通常用逗号隔开），如：如： he said he would come; he didnt, though.1although 和和though 引导的让步状语从句：引导的让步状语从句： though引导的从句可用倒装语序（即把从句中的表语或状语引导的从句可用倒装语序（即把从句中的表语或状语等放在等放在though之前），而之前），而although 不能这样用，如：不能这样

5、用，如： young though she is, yet she is fit for the job. (= young as she is, ) 有时可用副词有时可用副词yet, still, nevertheless (但不能用连词但不能用连词but) 来配来配合连接词合连接词though或或although，以加强语气，如：，以加强语气，如： though he is over seventy, yet / still / nevertheless he can ride the bike. though和和although后面的主语和谓语动词后面的主语和谓语动词be 可以省略，如果

6、可以省略，如果这个主语和主句中的主语指同一个人或物时，如：这个主语和主句中的主语指同一个人或物时，如： though (it was) cold, it was a fine winter morning. though (they were) very tired, they continued to march on.1although 和和though 引导的让步状语从句：引导的让步状语从句： even if 与与 even though同义，常用于强调让步概念，如：同义，常用于强调让步概念，如： ill do it, even if it takes me all the aftern

7、oon. even if you fail, you can try again.注：注：if 有时也可以用于让步含义，但要注意条件有时也可以用于让步含义，但要注意条件if 与让步与让步if 的区的区别，试比较：别，试比较： if he is poor, how can he buy the house? (条件条件) if he is poor, he is at least honest. (让步让步) (= even if) if john had been there, i would have seen him. (条件条件) if john was there, i didnt s

8、ee him. (让步让步) (= even if) 2even if, even though和和 if 引导的让步状语从句：引导的让步状语从句：3.由由as, that, though引导的特殊让步状语从句结构：引导的特殊让步状语从句结构： 在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步的含义，可用在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步的含义，可用as引导让引导让步从句。但步从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。（首。（though, that与与as一样，也可以用于这种结构），如下面一样，也可以用于这种结构），如下面几种情况：几种情况

9、： 表语的倒装：表语的倒装： tired as he was, he still went on with his work. difficult though the task was, they managed to accomplish it in time. 状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very, much等修饰语）等修饰语） much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy it. hard as i studied, i could not catch up with them. 谓语动词的倒装

10、：谓语动词的倒装： try as he would, he could not remember a word of it. (= no matter how he would try ) search as they would, they could find nothing in the room. 3.由由as, that, though引导的特殊让步状语从句结构：引导的特殊让步状语从句结构：注意事项：注意事项： 如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词，如：如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词，如： youngest as he is in our class, he

11、 speaks english the best. as从句可以置于主句前、主句中或句后，当从句可以置于主句前、主句中或句后，当as从句置于句从句置于句首时，主句前可加首时，主句前可加yet ，如：，如： rich as he is, (yet) i dont envy him. 当作表语的形容词提前时，如果从句的主语是人称代词，当作表语的形容词提前时，如果从句的主语是人称代词，那么它只能放在动词之前那么它只能放在动词之前(半倒装半倒装)；如果从句的主语是名；如果从句的主语是名词，则可用倒装语序词，则可用倒装语序(全部倒装全部倒装) ，也可用陈述语序，如：，也可用陈述语序，如： clever

12、though / as you may be, you cant do that. tired as were the workers, they did not stop. as 从句与主句在时态上可以不一致，如从句与主句在时态上可以不一致，如： child as he is, he was brave. 注意区别注意区别as 引导的原因从句与让步从句，试比较：引导的原因从句与让步从句，试比较： lawyer as he is, he explains the reason clearly. (原因从句原因从句) lawyer as he is, he cant explain the re

13、ason very clearly. (让步从句让步从句)4even though和和 though even though (= even if) 引导的从句指把握不大或假设引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为的事情，意为“即使即使”、“纵然纵然”； though 引导的从引导的从句指事实，意为句指事实，意为“尽管尽管”、“虽然虽然”，例如：例如： he will not reveal the secret, even though he knows it. (可能知道，也可能不知道。可能知道，也可能不知道。) he will not reveal the secret though he

14、 knows it. (虽然知道，却不说出来。虽然知道，却不说出来。)5while引导的让步状语从句：引导的让步状语从句： while (= although),它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如：如： while you may be right, i cant altogether agree. 注意比较下列各句：注意比较下列各句： while i understand what you say, i cant agree with you. (让让步步) while i was reading, the light went out. (时

15、间时间) motion is absolute while stagnation is relative. (转折、对比转折、对比) he is lazy, while his brother is diligent. (转折、对比转折、对比)6.whetheror(是是还是还是)引导的让步状语从句：引导的让步状语从句： 这种从句也称这种从句也称“选择条件选择条件-让步状语从句让步状语从句”，可位于主句之，可位于主句之前或之后，如：前或之后，如： whether you like it or not, youll have to do it. she had to go, whether or

16、 not she wanted it.7由连接代词由连接代词whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever引导的让步状语从句：引导的让步状语从句： whoever (= no matter who) is unwilling to go, i will go.(whoever 既相当于连接词短语既相当于连接词短语no matter 连接主句与从句，连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问代词又相当于疑问代词who)whatever (= no matter what) happens, keep calm.8.由连接形容词由连接形容词whatever 或或whichever

17、引导的让步状语从句，如：引导的让步状语从句，如： whatever (= no matter what) difficulties may arise, we must and can overcome them one by one. (whatever 既相当于既相当于no matter 连连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词what 修饰名词修饰名词difficulties.) whichever (= no matter which) room is assigned to him, he will have no objection.9.由连接副词由连接

18、副词however, wherever 或或whenever 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句. however ( = no matter how) difficult the task may be, we will fulfil it on time. ( however 既相当于既相当于 no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词疑问副词 how 修饰修饰 difficult。) 10注意以上几种结构的省略形式：注意以上几种结构的省略形式： however difficult the task (may be), it will be fulfil

19、led on time. however great the difficulties (may be), we will never retreat. whatever the difficulties (may be), they must and can be overcome11由由whenever, wherever 引导的从句，同时也分别是时间引导的从句，同时也分别是时间状语从句和地点状语从句，这里作为让步状语从句来看待，是状语从句和地点状语从句，这里作为让步状语从句来看待，是强调它们带有强调它们带有no matter when, no matter where 的含义。在的含义。

20、在口语中用口语中用no matter +wh- 结构比较常见。例如：结构比较常见。例如：no matter when and how the invaders come, they will be wiped out clean. dont believe the rumour, no matter who repeats it. (可置于主句之后可置于主句之后) it doesnt matter (= no matter) what he may say, i am going.（口语中常用）（口语中常用）涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装一、（表语）名词一、（表语）名词+

21、as / though+主语主语+动词动词. child as he is, he knows to help other. teacher though he is, he cant know everything. 【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。 二、二、(表语表语)形容词形容词+as / though+主语

22、主语+动词动词 successful as he is, he is not proud. 【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。形容词是其后连系动词的表语。涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装 三、（状语）副词三、（状语）副词+as / though+主语主语+动词动词 much as i like paris, i couldnt live there. hard though they tried, they couldnt make her change her mind. 四、动词原形四、动词原形+as / though+主语主语+动词动词 try as he might, he couldnt solve the problem. search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 【说明】【说明】主语后的动词通常为主语后的动词通常为may, might, would, did 等情态动等情态动词或助动词词或助动词(若表示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，若表示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，则用则用did, do 等助动词等助动词)。涉及让