上海高三英语二模简答题汇总整理附答案

1、【宝山】For a sight of an evolving technology that promises to shake video gaming to its foundation, check out “Throw Trucks With Your Mind”. Unlike most video games, it doesn't rely solely on a mouse. Instead, its players also put on a headset that enables them to throw trucks or other virtual obje

2、cts simply by thinking.And that's just for starters. Advocates of so-called neurogaming（交感神经游戏）say the concept in a few years will combine a wide variety of physiological factors, from a player's heart rate and hand gestures to pupil dilation(瞳孔扩张) and emotions. Moreover, they imagine many s

3、uch games being developed to improve the health, brainpower and skills of those playing them.The electroencephalography(脑电波仪), or EEG, headset used to throw trucks and other objects onto enemies was made by San Jose, California.-based NeuroSky. It measures separate brainwave frequencies that reflect

4、 how focused the player is and how calm they are, according to Lat Ware of Emeryville, California., who developed the game. The game, which can be purchased at throwtrucks , costs $25, or $99 with the headset.Ware, 29, said it's possible to move a pear or other small virtual object if the player

5、 is calm, but not focused, or vice versa. But he said both mental states are essential to flatten an enemy with a huge truck, which takes considerable concentration.Although only a few neurogames have been introduced so far and their action tends to be fairly limited, the games are expected to becom

6、e far more challenging - and multipurpose - as the software and related technology improves.One concept being explored is to develop games that adjust their action according to the player's changing emotions. These are measured by such factors as their facial expressions, eye movement and skin-c

7、onductance(皮肤导电) levels. Another approach is to make games that influence how the player thinks and feels.Consider Los Angeles-based Melon, which, like "Throw Trucks With Your Mind," was recently launched via the online fundraising site Kickstarter. Melon officials say their first game- wh

8、ich challenges players to fold origami（折纸） with their mind, using NeuroSky's EEG headset - helps people "learn how to focus, relax and meditate better."78. According to this article, what is the purpose of developing the new kind of games?79. The function of brainwave frequencies measu

9、red by EEG made by San Jose is to _.80. According to Ware, if you want to throw something such as a truck, you must be _.81.What is the new idea being studied to develop more challenging and multipurpose games?(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN ELEVEN WORDS)【崇明】St

10、udents in Finland wont have to study subjects. Soon, their classrooms would resemble conferences where “topics” are discussed.The education system in Finland is about to undergo a revolutionary and fundamental change, although it enjoys the reputation of being one of the best in the world. The educa

11、tion department has decided to abandon the old method of “teaching by subject.” Instead, the country will now involve the children to help them learn and question by evolving to “teaching by topic”, shared Liisa Pohjolainen, who is in charge of youth and adult education in Helsinki the capital city

12、leading the reform program, “This is going to be a big change in education in Finland that were just beginning.”The education system, though appearing to be revolutionary, is quite logical, explained Pasi Silander, the citys development manager, “What we need now is a different kind of education to

13、prepare people for working life. Young people use quite advanced computers. In the past the banks had lots of bank clerks adding up figures but now that has totally changed. We therefore have to make the changes in education that are necessary for industry and modern society.”How does Finland plan t

14、o apply the method of teaching by topic? Evidently all-round vocational training and accumulated skill development take up priority over “lessons.” Those in their late teens are already being engaged in what Finland refers to as “phenomenon teaching” or teaching by topic. For example, “cafeteria ser

15、vices” lessons will include elements of finance, languages (to help serve foreign customers), writing skills and communication skills.Students will slowly be taught cross-subject topics which would have varying elements of multiple “subjects.” These elements will vary with the “topic” or “skill” the

16、 student is learning. Apart from the same, students will move away from the traditional sitting and evaluation techniques as well. Students will sit in smaller groups and work collectively to solve problems, all the while improving upon their communication skills. They wont be made to sit in rows an

17、d asked questions individually to assess their progress. Instead, a group whose collaborative efforts bring out results faster will be promoted.The education system needs a thorough reform, owing to the fact that traditional teaching techniques were based on traditional tools that were quite limited

18、 in availability and accessibility. With modern world being extensively connected, isnt it time for the students to learn how to step ahead of mere fact-based learning that promotes memory expansion rather than mental development? (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THA

19、N TEN WORDS.)78. Finland is launching its education reform by _.79. Whats the purpose of Finlands education reform?80. What are two of the main features of “teaching by topic”?81. Finland decides to reform its education because traditional teaching _. 【奉贤】All around the world, lawyers generate more

20、hostility（敌意） than the members of any other professionwith the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation（通货膨

21、胀）. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of lawsuit filer that makes the legal system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the

22、 excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar e

23、xam(律师资格考). This leaves todays average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work extremely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their cus

24、tomers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law sch

25、ool. If the bar exam is truly an essential enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can take it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership

26、structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law f

27、irm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically（道德上）.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on impr

28、oving firms efficiency. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS)78. Students who _ are tempted to take up law as their profession. 79. The underlined word them in Para. 4 refers to _.80. In addition to shortening the allowance time to take the bar exam, th

29、e system reform should include _. 81. Why is the guild-like ownership structure of the legal system considered restrictive? _【虹口】Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The greatest recent social changes have been in t

30、he lives of women in America, or probably in the world. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a woman's life spent in caring for the children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties?

31、 And would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it u

32、nusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman's youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by modern li

33、ving conditions.This important change in women's life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women's economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually le

34、ft work at once and never returned to it. Today the school leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full-or-pa

35、rt-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests

36、 of each of them.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. At what age did most women get married in the late nineteenth century? _.79. A women today can still take care of her children when doing paid work in their forties because of _.80. Of “such change

37、s” today, one is that many more mothers _ after their first child is born.81. What are the factors that cause a couple to share economic and family affairs in an equal way?_.【黄埔】Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

38、 By the mid-19th century most of Europe was in the first stage of the demographic(人口的) transition. Death rate had decreased, as wars, famines(饥荒) and diseases had; local food shortages were rarer, thanks to better economic organization and transport; public health, medical care and the control of in

39、fectious diseases had improved. The population increased rapidly, as Malthus had predicted. Between 1800 and 1900 Europes population doubled, to over 400 million, whereas that of Asia, further behind in the demographic transition, increased by less than 50%, to about 950 million. But something else

40、was happening there that would have taken Malthus by surprise: as people came to expect to live longer, and better, they started to have fewer children. They realised they no longer needed several babies just to ensure that two or three would survive. And as they moved from country to town, they als

41、o found that children were no longer an economic property that could be set to work at an early age, but a responsibility to be fed, housed and (some of them) educated, for years. Worse, with too many children, a mother would find it hard to take and keep a job, to add to the family income. Nor were

42、 the young any longer a guarantee against a poor old age: in the new industrial society, they were likelier to go their own way. Thanks to Europes newborn limitation, in the past 100 years or so its population has risen only 80%, to 730 million, and most countries birth rate is now so low that numbe

43、rs are unchanging or falling. But their composition is very different from the past: better living standards, health condition and medical treatment are multiplying old heads, even as the number of young ones shrinks. In contrast, Asias population over the same time has nearly increased four times,

44、to more than 3.6 billion. North Americas too has grown almost as fast, but largely thanks to immigration. Africas has multiplied 5 times, and Latin Americas nearly sevenfold. Why these differences? From around 1950, death rate in developing countries also began to fall, and much faster than it ever

45、had in Europe. The knowledge about how to avoid premature death of small children travelled so readily that life expectancy in many poor countries is now not far behind the rich worlds. But the attitudes and values that persuade people to have fewer children are taking longer to adjust. (Note: Answe

46、r the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What prediction did Malthus make? 79. Give one reason to explain why people started to have fewer children according to paragraph 2. 80. Besides medical treatment, are the other two factors that contribute to the increasing nu

47、mber of old people. 81. Why has the population in developing countries increased faster than it has in Europe in the last century?【闵行】When e-mail first came into general use about twenty years ago, there was a lot of talk about the arrival of the paperless office. However, it seems that e-mail has y

48、et to revolutionize office communication. According to communications analyst Richard Metcalf, some offices have actually seen an increase in paper as a result of e-mail. “Information in the form of e-mail messages now floods our computer screens. These messages can be sent so quickly that memos ten

49、d to be distributed in the hundreds. For those secretaries whose bosses ask them to print out all their e-mails and leave them in their in-trays, this means using up a great deal of paper every month,” Metcalf says. Metcalf has found that because some e-mails get lost in cyberspace, important docume

50、nts are increasingly likely to be asked by clients and colleagues to send all important documents both by e-mail and by fax. This highlights a further potential problem with e-mail in todays offices it is taking up time rather than saving it. “With e-mail, communication is much easier, but there is

51、also more room for misunderstandings,” says psychologist Dr David Lewis. Generally, much less care is taken with e-mails than with letters or faxes and the sender will probably print the document and reread it before putting it in an envelope or sending it by fax. More worrying is still the increasi

52、ng misuse of e-mail for sending “flame-mail” inappropriate e-mail messages. Recent research in several companies suggests that aggressive communications like this are on the increase. E-mail has become the perfect medium for conveying workplace dissatisfaction because it is so instant. E-mail can al

53、so be a problem in other ways. Staffs all too often make the mistake of thinking that the contents of the e-mail, like things said over the phone, are private and not permanent. But it is not only possible for an employer to read all your e-mails, it is also perfectly legal. E-mail messages can be t

54、raced back to their origin for a period of at least two years, so you might want to rethink e-mailing your dissatisfaction about your boss to your friends. The advice is to keep personal e-mails out of the office. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS)78. Th

55、e promise of paperless office has not come true in many offices mainly because many secretaries are asked to _.79. Why has e-mailing taken up time rather than saved it?80.There is an increasing concern that e-mails are misused by some employees to express _.81. It is advised that employees should no

56、t use company e-mails as a way of _. 【浦东】Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. While some dictionaries define the word “right” as “a privilege,” when used in the context of “human rights,” we are talking about somet

57、hing more basic. Originally, people had rights only because of their membership in a group, such as a family. Then, in 539 BC, Cyrus the Great, after conquering the city of Babylon, did something totally unexpectedhe set all slaves free and let them return home. Moreover, he declared people should choose their own religion. Cyrus statements are about the first “human rights” declaration in history.Every person is entitled to certain fundamental rights, simply by the fact of being human. These are called “human rights” rather than a privilege, which can be