商务英语入门

1、1. we all have a vested interest in improving the way organizations are managed. because we interact with organizations every single day of our lives. 2. once you graduate from college and begin your career, you will either manage or be managed. for those who plan on management careers, an understan

2、ding of the management process forms the foundation on which to build your management skills. assuming that you will probably be a manager and/or work for a manager, you can gain a great deal of insight into the way your boss behaves and the internal workings of organizations by studying management.

3、 the cambridge business english certificate (bec) test of english for international communication (toeic) the cambridge business english certificate (bec) is an international business english exam which offers a language qualification for learners who use, or will need to use, english for their work

4、. it is available at three levels: cambridge bec higher cambridge bec vantage cambridge bec preliminarythey are the practical examinations that focuses on english in business-related /test of english for international communicationbusiness toefl http:/ toeic measure

5、s the everyday english skills of people working in an international environment. nonnative english speakers take the test to demonstrate their english language skills when applying for new positions and obtaining credentials.corporations use toeic to document progress in english training programs, r

6、ecruit and promote employees, and put standard measurements in place across locations. management production and operations marketing management human resources management （hrm） corporation culture electronic commercelearning objectives define management describe management functions explain organiz

7、ational structure distinguish management levels identify management roles list management skillsthe process of management represents the functions or primary activities engaged in by managers. planning function: 计划职能计划职能 organizing function: 组织职能组织职能 leading function: 领导职能领导职能 controlling function:

8、控制职控制职能能plans are nothing, planning is everything.types of plans strategic vs. operational plans short-term vs. long-term plans specific vs. directional plans single-use vs. standing plans determining what tasks are to be done who is to do them how the tasks are to be grouped who reports to whom whe

9、re decisions are to be made directing and coordinating the people in organizations motivating subordinates directing the activities of others selecting the most effective communication channels resolving conflicts among members monitoring the organizations performance comparing it with the previousl

10、y set goals correcting any significant deviations and get the organization back on trackmanagement levelsfor better or worse, our society is strongly influenced by managers and their organizations. good managers can turn straw into gold, while poor managers can do the reverse. for better or worse: w

11、hether the result is good or badtop managersmiddle managersfirst-line managersoperatives top managersthese individuals typically have titles such as vice president (vp), president, chancellor, managing director (md), chief operating officer (coo), chief executive officer (ceo), or chairman of the bo

12、ard.they are responsible for: setting organizational goals; defining strategies for achieving them; monitoring and interpreting the external environment; making decisions that affect the entire organization.they may have titles such as department or agency head, project leader/ director, plant manag

13、er, unit chief, dean, regional sales coordinators, or division manager.middle managersfirst-line managersthey, usually called supervisors, line managers, section chief, and office manager. management roles refer to specific categories of managerial behavior. management role：管理者角色：管理者角色 interpersonal

14、 roles informational roles decisional roles figurehead leader liaison entrepreneur disturbance handler resource allocator negotiator technical skills human skills conceptual skills what is technical skills, human skills and conceptual skills? who are heavily involved in technical, human, or conceptu

15、al aspects? why?technical skills include knowledge of and proficiency in a certain specialized field, such as engineering, computers, finance, or manufacturing.human skills are the abilities to work well with other people both individually and in a group.conceptual skills are the abilities to think

16、and to conceptualize about abstract situations, to see the organization as a whole and the relationships among its various subunits, and to visualize how the organization fits into its broader environment.a. production lineb. warehousec. despatchd. r&de. quality controlf. packing lineg.canteen h. washrooms 1.sam needs to get changed and freshen up after her shift. 2.vince wants to