高考英语语法大全.ppt

1、【考点点拨【考点点拨】名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。近几年高考对名词性从句的考查重点如下：【考点1】名词性从句中引导词名词性从句中引导词that与与what的使用场合。的使用场合。1 that 引导名词性从句时，不在从句中充当任何成分，只起连接作用；而what是连接代词，在从句中充当成分。 _ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春季) a. what / because b. what / th

2、at c. that / what d. that / because2that在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略, 但当有两个和两个以上的宾语从句并列时，第二个从句以下的that不可省略。如：she said (that) she had left school and that her parents would find her a job. word comes _ a group of australian guests will come to visit our school next week. a. thatb. whichc. 不填d. about which (2

3、005天津2月)3介词后的宾语从句常用what，whether引导，不用that，which引导。但在介词besides，except，in后可用that引导宾语从句。在有it作先行词时，that可用来引导介词后的宾语从句。 the other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ i thought was a dangerous speed. a. asb. which c. what d. that (2004上海春季)【考点2】名词性从句中引导词名词性从句中引导词whether与与if 的用法区别。的用法区别。 a.引导及

4、物动词或形容词后的宾语从句 he is not sure if / whether he can manage to do it.b.当与or not分开使用时 he wondered if / whether we will attend the meeting or not.a.引导表语从句、同位语从句及位于句首的主语从句引导介词后的宾语从句（有时可省略）b.后面紧跟or not时c.后面直接跟动词不定式时 _ the flight to new york will be delayed is _ im especially worried about. (2003南京) a. if ;

5、whatb. whether ; thatc. when ; thatd. whether ; whati dont know whether to go there at once. 我不知道是不是该立刻去那里。 (河北：李亚男)虽引导宾语从句，但为了强调宾语部分，也可虽引导宾语从句，但为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句放在句首，此时只用把从句放在句首，此时只用whether不用不用if。whether he will come i am not sure.他是不是来我拿不准。从句作介词宾语时只用从句作介词宾语时只用whether不用不用if。it depends on whether it wi

6、ll be fine.那得看是不是晴天。作作discuss等动词的宾语时，用等动词的宾语时，用whether不用不用if。we discussed whether we should close the shop.我们讨论是不是该关掉商店。句子中有句子中有if引导的条件句，如再有表示引导的条件句，如再有表示“是否是否”的宾语从句，用的宾语从句，用whether不用不用if。he asked me whether id move to new york if i got the job.他问我如果我得到那份工作是否会搬家到纽约。如果宾语从句为否定句时，则只用如果宾语从句为否定句时，则只用if不用

7、不用whether。i dont know if it wont rain tomorrow.我不知道明天是不是会下雨在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether不不用用if。如：whether it is true remains a question.(主语从句)那是不是真的还是个问题。the question is whether it is true.(表语从句)问题是是不是真的。we have a doubt whether it is true.(同位语从句) 我们怀疑那是不是真的。注:whether引导主语从句放在主句之后

8、时可用if来代替。it is unclear whether/if he likes the present.他是不是喜欢那个礼物还不清楚。【考点3】在动词：一坚持（在动词：一坚持（insist）、二命令（）、二命令（order，command）、）、三建议（三建议（suggest，advise，propose）、四要求）、四要求（demand，require，request，ask）后的宾语从句和这）后的宾语从句和这些动词的过去分词后的主语从句，以及这些动词的名词引出些动词的过去分词后的主语从句，以及这些动词的名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分常用（的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分

9、常用（should）do形式。形式。 i advised that he _ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _ quite well then.a. be sent; was feelingb. was sent; sentc. be sent; feeld. should be sent; should feel (2005年山东2月)【考点4】名词性从句的语序只能是陈述句语序，宾语从名词性从句的语序只能是陈述句语序，宾语从句的时态应该与主句的谓语动词的时态保持句的时态应该与主句的谓语动词的时态保持一致。一致。 they a

10、re teachers and dont realize _ to start and run a company. (2004 黄冈)a. what takes itb. what they takec. what takes themd. what it takes【考点5】whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever和和however在引导名词性从句时不可与在引导名词性从句时不可与no matter who / which / what/ when/ where / how 替换，因为后者只能引导让步主语从句。替换，因为后者只能引导让步主语从句

11、。 have a nice trip! thanks. ill telephone you from _ i get to by tomorrow evening. (2004 广州) a. wherever b. every place c. whenever d. no matter where限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句定语从句可分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。高考对定语从句的考查常涉及以下几个方面：考点6】正确区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的结构；正确区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的结构；理解关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的作用；特理解关系代词和关系副词在定语从句

12、中的作用；特别注意指代整个主句内容的关系代词别注意指代整个主句内容的关系代词which引导的引导的非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句。 i shall never forget the day _ shenzhou v was launched, _ has a great effect on my life. a. when; whichb. that; whichc. which; thatd. when; that (2004北京东城)【考点7】关系代词关系代词that，who，which以及以及as的用法区别。的用法区别。指人时常只用who不用that的情况；指物时只用which不用t

13、hat的情况；只用that不用which的情况；关系代词as与which的用法区别；the same that 与the same as 的区别 there is no such place _ you dream of in all this world. (2004北京西城5月) a. that b. whatc. whichd. as【考点8】区别区别that引导的定语从句与引导的定语从句与that引导的同位语从句。引导的同位语从句。that引导同位语从句时，that是纯连词，在从句中不充当任何成分；that引导定语从句时，that是关系代词，在从句中充当主语或宾语等。 比较： the

14、news that they had won the game arrived soon. the news that you told me yesterday is true. is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2002上海春季) a. he explainedb. what he explained c. how he explainedd. why he explained【考点9】定语从句中谓语动词须与先行词在人称与数上定语从句中谓语动词须与先行词在人称与数上保持一致。保持一致

15、。 he is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship in three years. a. is b. are c. have been d. has been (2002上海春季)【考点10】在先行词为在先行词为time，place，reason时，常可用时，常可用that代代替替when，where，why，并常常省去。，并常常省去。如：that was the reason (that) / why / for which he left home. what surprised me was not wha

16、t he said but _ he said it. (2004湖北) a. the way b. in the way thatc. in the wayd. the way whichv答案：答案：bacda daada da1the boy dived into the water and after _ seemed to be a long time, he came up again. a. what b. thatc. itd. which分析：句中的after用作了介词，后接的从句应该是宾语从句。这个从句少主语，所以应该用what来引导。选a. that引导宾语从句时，不充当句子成分。2these two areas are similar _ they both have a high rainfall during this season. a. except thatb. in