(word完整版)8B知识点梳理,推荐文档

1、牛津初中英语8B unit1 unit8知识点归纳8B Unit1Comic stripWelcome to the unit1、 It was in the bowlan hour ago一个小时之前在碗里的an hour ago 一小时前in thebowl 在碗里2.I've just eaten it. 我刚才把它吃了。(eat-ate-eaten )justadv. 意为 “刚才 ” 常与完成时连用。他们刚刚到达。They have just arrived.注意： just now意为 “刚才 ”，相当于 “a moment ago”通常与一般过去时连用。我刚才去了图书馆。

2、I went to the library just now .3. You used to share food with me! 你过去常与我分享食物！ You used to be so kind to me. 你过去对我那么好。used to do sth. 意为 “过去常常做某事 ”， 表示过去 的习惯。本身已是过去时态，没有人称和数的变化，暗含现在已不再如此 。1) 他的父母过去住在乡下。His parents used to live in the countryside.2) Tom 过去常常早起，不是吗？Tom used to get up early, didn't

3、 he?/ usedn't he? be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事My father is used to reading newspapers after dinner.I am used to going to school by bus 我习惯于坐公交车去学校。be used to do被用来做 Stamps are used to post letters. Stamps are used for posting letters.share sth. with sb. 和 .分享 4. be kind to sb. 对 友好5.go to school

4、 by bike = ride a bike to school骑自行车去学校6.It took a long time to wait for the next one.等下一辆公共汽车要花费很长时间。wait for the next one 等下一辆车Reading7. interview n & vt interview 作名词，意为“采访，会见” ，还可作动词，意为“采访，面试” ； interviewer 作名词，意为“采访者，面试官” 。如：interview sb have an interview with sb. 采访某人Sally became a member

5、of the company after the job interview.萨莉在求职面试后成为了这家公司的一员。I interviewed Mr Zhang yesterday afternoon I had an interview with Mr Zhang yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我采访了张先生。8.know sunshine town very well对阳光镇很了解know very well 非常了解 9.since I was born 自我出生以来be born出生since 引导原因状语从句，不可与so 连用。10. move house 搬家1

6、1. live in the northern part of town住在城镇的北部south 南方 southern 南部的 east 东部 eastern 东部的 west western north northernto the north of在 北面（范围之外）in the north of在 北部（范围之内）on the north of在 北边（接壤）Our school is to the north of the Times supermarket . 我们学校在时代超市北面。Beijing is in the north of China. 北京在中国北部。Shandon

7、g is on the north of Jiangsu. 山东位于江苏北面。in the north of China in the northern part of China 在中国北部1East China 华东； North China 华北The northern part of the city used to be sparsely populated, but has now become a cultural centre.城北过去人口稀少，但现在成了文化中心。12. When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two b

8、locks away and we ve lived in thisarea since then.? move two blocks away 搬到两个街区以外? since then 从那以后? marry sb.嫁给娶某人； get married 结婚（动作） be married to sb.与某人结婚（状态） ；get married to so. 与某人结婚（动作） 。如：They married their daughter to an old rich man. 他们把女儿嫁给了一位年老的富人。This couple have been married for 50 year

9、s. 这对夫妇结婚已有50 年了。13. change a lot 改变许多14. over the years 在这些年期间 (现在完成时 )15.in the town centre= in the centre of the town在镇中心16. turn into 把 变成 Heat turns water into vapor. 热使水变成蒸气。Turn this sentence into English.turn on 打开turn off 关turn up 调高turn down 调低turn around 转身by turns 轮流地in turn 依次turn in上交I

10、t s one s turn to do sth.17. pollution n 常见短语：air pollution 空气污染 water pollution 水污染 noise pollution 噪音污染 light pollution 光污染 noise pollution 噪音污染I could hardly believe she had made a video about water pollution by herself.我几乎不能相信她靠自己制作了一份有关水污染的录像。pollute 作动词，意为“污染” ， pollute the air 污染空气。18. put th

11、e waste into the river 把废料扔进河put away 收好put on 穿上put off推迟 /延期19. realize the problem 意识到问题19. take action to improve the situation 采取行动改善情况20. much cleaner 干净得多21.in some ways 在某种程度上in this way 以这种方式on the way (to ) 在 的路上by the way 顺便说下no way 没门in any way无论如何22. have a beautiful modern town 拥有一个美丽现

12、代化的城镇23. most of my old friends我的大多数老朋友24.move away 搬走25. It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.It is necessary for us to study English hard.It is kind of you to help us.若形容词是描述行为者的性格、 品质的，如 kind ，good，nice，clever ，careless，polite ，foolish等，用 of sb.。若形容词仅仅是描述事物,用 for s

13、b. ，difficult ，easy，hard，important ，dangerous，（ im ）possible 等。see each other 见到彼此as often as before 和过去一样频繁26. play cards and Chinese chess 打牌，下中国象棋27. feel a bit lonely from time to time有时感到有点孤?feel a bit lonely感到有点孤单from time to time=at times=sometimes有时?a bit 和 a little稍微“”、 “有点 ”修,饰形容词、副词。在肯定句中

14、可以互换.?a little 直接修饰不可数名词;而 a bit 修饰名词时 ,其后须加上of,构成 “abit of+n. 结”构。例如 : He knows a bit of French.?a bit和a little的 否 定 式 意 义 正 好 相 反 。 not a bit=not at all, 意 为 “毫 不 ”;而2not a little=very much, 意为 “非常 ” ,很“”。例如 : He is not a bit tired. 他一点不累。He is not a little tired. 他很累。?a few/few 用在复数可数名词之前，little/

15、a little用在不可数名词之前。He took a few biscuits. ( 肯定)He took few biscuits( 否定 )He took a little butter. ( 肯定 )He took little butter. ( 否定 )28. the amazing changes 令人惊奇的改变29. because of being alone 因为独自一人 . lonely, alone 的区别：lonely 作表语， 表示心灵内部的孤独寂寞,lonely 修饰地点时， 意：“荒凉的，偏僻的 ”。alone 指单独、独自的意思，作表语。例如： He is a

16、lone, but he never feels lonely.30. a group of buildings with streets on all sides街道两边全是高楼31. all one s 一life生Grammar32. repair over ten bicycles修十多辆自行车33.the changes in Beijing 北京的变化34. over the past century 上个世纪期间35.learn more about 更多了解关于 36 hear about/of 听说hear from sb. 收到某人来信37. plan to do sth.

17、 计划做某事Integrated skills38. clean and fresh air 干净新鲜空气39.living condition居住环境40. railway station 火车站41. travel to and from the town by bus乘公交进出城镇42. another big change另一个大变化43. move into new flats搬进新的公寓moveout of搬出 44. return from the USA从美国回来return sth. to sb.把某物归还给某人return 作“返回”讲时是不及物动词，相当于come/get

18、 back: 作“归还”讲时是及物动词，相当于 give back 。 return to someplace 回到某处； return sth to sb. give sthback to sb. 把某物还给某人。 return 本身含有 back 的意思，不能再和 back 连用。如：他借了我的手机，还没还给我。正： He borrowed my mobile phone and hasn't returned it to me.误： He borrowed my mobile phone and hasn't returned it back to me.45. go a

19、broad 出国，去国外at home or abroad 在国内外46. at primary school在小学47.keep in touch witheach other 互相保持联络municate by email通过电子邮件交流49.make communication much easier 使沟通更容易communicate with sb. 和某人保持联系Study Skills50. be/get used to (doing) sth习惯于（干）某事get used to the changes of life习惯了生活的变化51. take place 发生（有目的有

20、计划的） 、举行 (无被动语态 ) happen 发生 (偶然发生 ) （无被动语态）52. green hills all around到处都是绿山53. a river runs through the centre of town 一条小河穿过镇中心54. on one s own = by oneself = alone独自Task55、 throw rubbish 扔垃圾56、in some large open spaces 在一些大的开阔的地方57、 in their free time在他们业余时间58、 travel around the town 在镇里转转59、 have

21、 their own cars= have cars of their own 有他们自己的汽车60.narrow and dirty roads又窄又脏的公路61.wide and clean streets 宽阔而干净的街道62.green trees on both sides 两边绿树63.enjoy a comfortable life享受舒服的生活重点语法现在完成时1基本结构为：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词3(1) 表示过去发生的行为、动作或情况对现在造成的影响或结果。时间副词常用 just( 刚刚 )，already（已经）， still( 仍然 )， recently

22、（最近）， yet（还、尚）， ever（曾经）， never（从不）。其中 just ， already 用于肯定句； yet， ever，never 常用于疑问句或否定句； still ， recently 可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句。如：Have you ever been to Hong Kong?你曾经去过香港吗？I haven't got the letter from my uncle yet.我还没收到我叔叔的信。(2) 表示从过去开始并持续到现在的行为、动作或情况。常与for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用。 for 表示一段时间，后接时间段 ； since 表

23、示“自从” ，后接时间点。 (3)也常与 so far(迄今为止 )，in the past several years(在过去几年里 )，ever since（迄今），in/during/over the past/last few years( 在过去几年里 )这类从过去到现在的时间状语连用。在此类句子中，谓语动词要用持续性动词，而不能是短暂性动词。如：The children have been away from home since the new term began.( 木用 left)自从新学期开始，孩子们就已经离开了家。2具体的几组时间短语辨析ago 用于一般过去时（用瞬间动

24、词） ； since ago 用于现在完成时； in the past 用于一般过去时； in the past few years 用于现在完成时； just now( 置于句末 )用于一般过去时； just( 置于句中 )用于现在完成时。如：I bought this dictionary three years ago.这本字典是我三年前买的。 I have had this dictionary for three years. I have had this dictionary since three years ago.还可以用“ It is/has been+时间段 +sinc

25、e 从句”改写为：It is three years since I bought this dictionary.8B Unit2Unit 2TravellingComic strip & Welcome to the unit 词组：1.go to sp for a/one holidays 去某地度假go to South Hill for my holidaybe onholiday 在度假2.have been to sp 去过某地（已经回来）Have you ever been to Beijing?你曾经去过北京吗？have gone to sp 去了某地（还没回来）He

26、 has gone to Shanghai 已经去了上海3.join sb in doing sth 加入某人去做某事join us/you4.get ready for sth. 为 做好准备get ready to do sth.5. I am getting all my things. 我正在收拾东西。6. take the bag 拿上包take sth. with sb. 随身携带7.I don t thinkit ll be a holiday for me.I don t thinkit s a good idea.8.the capital of的首都9. What s sp

27、ecial about this book?这本书有什么特别的？10. come from a story by sb 来自某人写的一个故事11.place of interest名胜Can you tell me some places of interest in Nanjing?be i nterestedin 对 感兴趣Old people here is interested in playing cardsand Chinese chesshave/show interest in对 感兴趣The inventor showed great interest in Maths.12

28、. I don't think it'll be a holiday for me.我想这对我来说不会是个假期了。本句是一个 “否定前移” 的句子，主句中的否定词实际上否定的是后面从句的内容。在英语中，当主句是 I think ，I believe 等时，其后的宾语如果是否定式，则要把否定前移至主句，4表达成“ I don't think/believe+ 肯定句”的句式。这是因为英美人士在表达个人观点时比较委婉。如：I don't think he is an honest boy.我认为他不是个诚实的孩子。I don't believe that w

29、ill happen我相信那不会发生。Reading 词组：1. fantastic adj.意为“极好的，美妙的” 。 a fantastic beach 一片极好的海滩； a fantastic achievement 一项了不起的成就； have a fantastic time have a good/great/wonderful time 玩得开心。fantasy n (pl. fantasies)幻想，想象。如：Stop living in a fantasy world别再生活在幻想世界中了。我们几年前去过那儿。2. miss sb. very much 非常想念某人missv

30、.1)思念；想念When I studied in USA ，I miss my parents very much.2) 错过，没赶上miss sth./doingHurry up, or you will miss the bus.Because of the exam he missed watching this Year s World cup.n. 小姐，后接姓氏时，常常大写This is my English teacher, Miss li.3. I have been in Hong Kong for two months . 我来香港已经两个月了。4.have a fant

31、astic/good/nice/wonderful time=have fun=enjoy oneself玩得愉快5.spend the whole day at Disneyland 在迪斯尼度过一整天all the people 所有的人spend v 1） 度过I spent my winter holiday in Hainan.2) 花费spend + 时间 /金钱 on + 东西spend + 时间 /金钱（ in) doingsomethingI spent an hour on my homework yesterday.I spent an hour in doing my

32、homeworkyesterday.6.We got to the park by underground.get to sp.=reach sp.=arrive at/in sp.到达某地 (没有目的地只用 arrive )7. on Space Mountain 在太空山an indoor roller coaster 一个室内过山车8. It moved at high speed and was really exciting.move at high speed 高速运行speedn.速度短语： at high speed 以高速，在句子中可以作状语、表语等。at the speed

33、 of 以 的速度The car was at high speed when the accident happened.事故发生时那辆小汽车正处于高速运行的状态。It moves at the speed of fifty kilometers an hour.它以每小时五十公里的速度移动。(动词 speed 过去时 speeded/ sped- 过去分词speeded/ sped)9.scream and laugh through the ride 全程都在尖叫大笑through the ride在行程中10.hurry to a restaurant to have a quick

34、meal(动词 )hurry to sp/ go to sp in a hurry( 名词 )in a hurry在匆忙之中hurry to do sth=be in a hurry to do sth.=do sth. in a hurry=do sth. hurriedly 匆忙做某事 Tom was still late though he hurried to school. 虽然汤姆匆匆赶到学校，但还是迟到了。John is in a hurry to catch his train 约翰急着赶火车。11.On the way在路上on the way to+ 地点在去 的路上on

35、one s way to + 地点在某人去 的路上注意：遇到home/here/there 等地点副词时省略toI met an old friend on my way home.在回家的路上我遇到了一个老朋友。12. such as/for examplesuch as 例如，比如。一般用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子，插在被列举的例子和被列举5的名词之间， as 后没有逗号。如：He has been to many countries, such as America, Japan and Germany. 他去过很多国家，比如美国、日本和德国。For example , twice t

36、wo is equal to four.例如，二加二等于四。such as 后面不可以列出前面所提过的所有东西。如：正： I know four languages, such as Japanese and English我懂四种语言，如日语和英语。误： I know four languages, such as Chinese, French, Japanese and English 我懂四种语言，如汉语、法语、日语和英语。在 现代英语中，such as 可与 etc.（等等）连用。如：They planted many flowers, such as roses,sunflower

37、s ，etc.他们种了许多花，如玫瑰、向日葵等。 辨析 for example 例如。 一般只列举同类人或物中的一个为例，作插入语， 不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。可置于句首、句中或句末。如：For example ，air is invisible. 例如，空气是看不见的。He, for example, is a good student例如，他就是个好学生。13.a parade of Disney characters 迪士尼人物的游行later in the afternoon=in the late afternoon 下午迟些时候14.the best part of the d

38、ay 这天最好部分15.run after sb. 追赶某人can t stop doing =can t help禁doing不住做某事When he listened to the story, Jim couldn.t help听这个laughing故事时，吉姆忍不住笑了。Stop to do something停下来去做另一件事Stop doing something停止正在做的Please stop to listen to the teacher. 请停下来听老师讲。The students stopped talking and laughing when they saw th

39、e teacher.take photos 拍照can't stop taking photos不停地拍照片16. be like magic 像魔法一样magicn. 魔术Do you like Liu Qian s magic?你喜欢刘谦的魔术吗？magicaladj 魔法的；有魔力的；迷人的Alice got into a world full of magical things.17. We could even smell the apple pie and feel the wind. 我们甚至能闻到苹果派的香味，感觉风在吹。感官动词smell/feel/sound/tas

40、te/look + 形容词The flowers smell wonderful.The food tastes good.17.go shopping=do some shopping 买东西19.buy sb. sth./ buy sth. for sb. 为某人买couple n.两人， 两件事物，几 个人；几件事物a couple of = a pair of一双；一 对The couple arrived at the party very early.a couple of key rings 一对钥 匙环 We met in Moscow a couple of weeksago

41、.20.near/at the end of 将近 /在 结束的时候inthe end=finally 最后by theend of 到 .为止21.watch the fireworks in front of在 前面观看焰火22.during your stay there ( 名词 ) 在你待在那期间stay at home (动词 ) 待在家23. let me have a look at sth.让我看一下某物24. Here s one for you这.个是送给你的。Grammar 词组：1. 去某地开会go to sp to attend a meeting2. 参加会议at

42、tend a meeting3. 在沙滩上玩play on the sand64. 顺便说一下by the way5. 邀请某人去野餐invite sb to go for a picnic6. 去野餐 go for a picnic /have a picnic7. 电影已经开始 20 分钟了。 The film has been on for 20 minutes.8. 游行结束好几小时了。 The parade has been over for hours.9.Kitty 来香港两天了。Kitty has been in Hongkong for two days.10. 自从上周二他

43、就离开家了。 He has been away from home since last Tuesday.11. 这本书我已经借了好几天了。 I have kept this book with me for a few days.（不能用borrow ）12. Simon 自从去年就加入足球俱乐部了。 Simon has been in / a member of the Football Club since last year.13. 他们结婚 15 年了。 They have been married for 15 years.14. 这些鱼死了有一段时间了。 These fish h

44、ave been dead for some time.15. 在寒假第一天 on the first day of the winter holidayIntegrated skills词组 :1.旅行的地方 places for traveling2. 中国园林 Chinese gardens3.自然景观 places of natural beauty4. 海滨城市 seaside cities5. 主题公园 theme parks6. 提一些在中国旅游的建议 give some advice on travelling in China7. 全年 去那儿 go there all ye

45、ar round(during the whole year)8.水上运动 water sports9.在任何季节 in any season10.It is dangerous to climb mountainson cold and snowy days. 在寒冷的雪天爬山是危险的。11.去那最好的时节是在春天或秋天。The best time to go there is in spring and autumn.12.可能会下雨。 There may be some rain. / It may be rainy. / It may rain.13.在一年的那个时刻at that t

46、ime of year14. 有一些关于五一节的计划 have some plans for the May Day holiday15. 去某地 出差 go to sp on business16. 乘直达航班去某地take a direct flightto sp17. 坐飞机去成都要多久？ How long does it take to fly to Chengdu?18. 跟我爸爸给你核实一下 check it for you with my dad补充知识点：1. see sb. playing on the sand 看到某人正在沙滩上玩see somebody doing st

47、h看到某人正在做see somebody do sth看到某人做某事的过程或经常看到某人做某事I saw him working in the garden yesterday.Jim often sees Mary help others.play on the sand 在沙滩上玩2.die v死亡His grandfather died last week.deathn死亡He cried after knowing his g randfather s death.dying动词现在分词；形容词奄奄一息的，垂死的His grandfather is dying.他的爷爷快过世了。dea

48、d形容词死的His grandfather has been dead for three years.3.1)except与 besides都可表示 “除外 ”，但besides 表示一种累加关系，意指“除了什么之外，还有 ”；而 except则表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有 ”。如：Besides his wife ，his daughter also went to see him.除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他 )。Nobody went to see him except his wife.除他妻子外，没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他) 。2)

49、关于except 与 except for ：except 主要用来谈论同类的东西，而 except for 是 " 除了因为 ;要不是 ;除去 一点外 "的意思 ,表示 " 对一个人或事物,先做一个整体评价,然后再就局部提出一点看法" 。即一7部分被肯定 ,另一部分被否定 ,这就是所谓的 " 排除否定式 " 。其判别标志是 :除去的与保留的 " 不是同类项 " 。All compositions are well written except yours.除了你的作文外， 其他的作文都写得很好。His compo

50、sition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.他的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。4：in front of ( 在某物外部的前面）There are two trees in front of the classroom.in the front of ( 在某物内部的前面）There are a teacher s desk in the front of the classroom.5. such det.& pron.such 意为“这样的（人或物）”，常用于以下结构：such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数。如：Thi

51、s is such a big house. 这是一座如此大的房子。such+adj.+可数名词复数。如：They are such kind girls. 她们是如此好心的女孩。such+adj.+不可数名词。如：It is such sad music. 它是如此悲伤的音乐。 辨析 so 常用于以下结构：so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数。如：so clever a boy 如此聪明的一个男孩so+adj.adv.。如：so clever 如此聪明； so quickly 如此迅速so many/much/few/little+n 。如：so many mistakes 如此多的错误T

52、ask1. 动身去机场leave for the airport动身去某地，前往某地leave for sp2. 在一大早 in the early morning3. 坐飞机去香港花了我们三个半小时。It took us three and a half hours to fly to Hongkong.4. 爱看有趣的迪士尼人物游行love watching the interesting parade of Disney characters5. 看海豚表演watch the dolphin show6. 看鸟表演watch the bird show7. 给我们的亲戚们买了很多礼物bu

53、y a lot of presents for our relatives8. 吃了一顿美食 have a delicious meal9. 我希望有一天我能再次来这儿玩I hope I can visit it again some day.10. 坐飞机去某地take a plane to sp / take a flight to spgo to sp by air / planego to sp on a plane重点语法1使用 have/has been与 have/has gone have/has been曾经去过，表示去过某地，现在已经回来了，人已经不在那里，指的是人的一种经历； have/has gone 已经去了某地，表示人在途中或已经到达目的地， 人不在说话者处， 强调去某地还没有回来