高考英语阅读复习猜词

1、高考考试说明里阅读理解的要求:n(1)理解文章主旨要义n(2)理解文中具体信息n(3)根据上下文推断生词的词义 n(4)作出简单判断和推测n(5)理解文章的基本结构n(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度1. the underlined word “” probably means_.2. the word “” used in paragraph “”refers to/suggests_.3. the phrase “” in the sentence can be replaced by _.4. which of the following is the closest in meanin

2、g to the word “”?5. what is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “”?6. by saying “”, we mean_. 7. what do you think of the expression “”stands for?8. the meaning of word “”in the passage is related to_.猜词规律探寻：猜词规律探寻：一一.通过定义或解释推测语义通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从

3、句或是定语。这些修定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义。饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义。(1) 定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define(下定义下定义), represent, signify(表示，表明表示，表明) 等。等。(2) 解释则常用解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is (to s

4、ay), in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。释。(3) 有时作者会用有时作者会用复述复述的形式来解释语义，的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 (4) 还有一些还有一些标点符号标点符号，如冒号、破折号、，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。1. the powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid,

5、that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. 2.the greek marriage was monogamous-men and women were allowed only one spouse(配偶配偶) at a time. 3. pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. 4. the harbor is protected by a jettya wall built out into the water 5. we will meet yo

6、u in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre.6. he began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks.二二. 利用例证猜测语义利用例证猜测语义 某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来引出，如：来引出，如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如for example, for instance, such

7、as, and so on, just as, like, similarity 等连接词或词组。等连接词或词组。eg. 1. you may borrow from the library any periodicals: nature, news week, times and the listener.2. some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.3. finally the enemy surrendered. they threw down

8、 their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads.4. apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol, on the skin.5. in the corner there may be a christmas tree with its branches decorated with shining ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls, and sometimes hung with gifts.6.

9、the doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye 7. mr. smith always arrives home punctually，neither early nor late三三.利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义(1) 利用反义关系推测语义利用反义关系推测语义 有些生词的后面往有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词，或者表转折意义的连往会出现一个或几个反义词，或者表转折意义的连词，词组等，抓住这些可以帮助我们推断生词语义。词，词组等，抓住这些可以帮助我们推断生词语义。 标志词有标志词

10、有 although, but, however, nevertheless(然而，不过然而，不过)，on the contrary, in contrast(相对相对), on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, instead (of), rather than 等。等。(2) 利用同义关系推测语义通常情况下，英语忌利用同义关系推测语义通常情况下，英语忌讳实词重复。避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或讳实词重复。避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词加以代替。同义词替换的修饰方法可以为我近义词加以代替。同义词

11、替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。标志词有们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。标志词有：or, like, similarly等。等。eg. 1. she is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.2. mr. smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. 3. though toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck

12、remains grubby. 4. unlike the united states, where many different nationalities make up the population, japans population is quite homogeneous.5. written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.6. he replied quickly. but after he considered the problem more carefully, h

13、e regretted having made such a hasty decision.7. although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy(美味美味)，we chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked.8. he has been getting better，but during the night his condition deteriorated.四四.因果关系猜测词义因果关系猜测词义 常见的因果信号词有常见的因果信号词有：as a resul

14、t, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, since, consequently, so that, so/suchthat等。等。eg. she wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.1.the river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.2. he didnt hear my knocking at the door bec

15、ause he was completely engrossed in tv.3. it rained, so the football match was postponed.4. the young man was so bashful that he didnt speak to the pretty girl.五五.用语境猜测语义用语境猜测语义(1)利用利用“小小”上下文推测词义，即利用上下文推测词义，即利用生词附近的内容推断生词词义。生词附近的内容推断生词词义。 i am a resolute man. once i set up a goal, i wont give up eas

16、ily.(2)利用利用“大大”上下文推测词义，即利用上下文推测词义，即利用距离生词较远的内容，如整个段落、篇章等距离生词较远的内容，如整个段落、篇章等来推断生词词义。来推断生词词义。1. when i got to the theatre, i was relieved to see that nobody was waiting inline. i was the first to get there and sure that i could get the ticket without any problem.the underlined word “relieved” in the p

17、assage may best be replaced by _.a. surprised b. pleased c. produced d. sold2. apple trees may not grow as tall as twelve metres. they do best in areas that have very cold winters. although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.the underlined word “yielded” in

18、the last sentence means_.a. improved b. increased c. produced d. sold六六.利用构词法猜测语义利用构词法猜测语义 掌握掌握前后缀前后缀规律，规律， 如如un-, im-, in-, dis-, il-等前等前缀与缀与-less等后缀可构成反义词等后缀可构成反义词;后缀后缀-ful, -ly, -ism, -ness等可改换词性。而等可改换词性。而合成词合成词要在正确理解两词的基要在正确理解两词的基础上，结合上下文把握两词之间的关系，猜测词义础上，结合上下文把握两词之间的关系，猜测词义;而而对词义的转化，也要求结合上下文来猜测。

19、对词义的转化，也要求结合上下文来猜测。1. the board has a button for each class of recycling materials as well as for unrecyclables.2. “even when a man is said to be a best friend,” rubin writes “the two share little about their innermost feelings” 3. market research shows that gold and others who buy organic food can

20、generally give clear reasons for their preferences-but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete 七七. 利用文化背景、生活常识猜测词义利用文化背景、生活常识猜测词义 运用逻辑推理能力，结合社会文化背景和自身的运用逻辑推理能力，结合社会文化背景和自身的生活经验以及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，生活经验以及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以下正确猜出语义。可以下正确猜出语义。 1. birds fly with their wings, and they pick up

21、their foods and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.2. most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold weather. 3.the driver tried to avert the accident by bringing the car to a sudden stop.4. if a man feels very cold

22、, he always huddles himself up.5. what could john expect? he had left his wet swimming trunks(游泳裤) in the dark closet for over a week. of course they had begun to mildew.6. a fish breathes in water with gills.7. the old man put on his spectacles and began to read 8. the door was so low that i hit the head on the lintel 八八.熟词生义熟词生义: 猜测熟词的陌生意义猜测熟词的陌生意义 通常有三种情况：通常有三种情况：(1)该熟词在新的具体语境中有了和原来我们所该熟词在新的具体语境中有了和原来我们所熟悉的意义不同的意思熟悉的意义不同的意思;(2)考查一些代词的指代现象考查一些代词的指代现象;(3)新词在新的语境中变换了词性。新词在新的语境中变换了词性。 1. the aging of the population will affect american