虚拟语气用于条件状语从句

1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句温故知新 以前我们学过虚拟语气用于条件状语从句，表示对现在和将来情况的假设。现在我们再来简单复习一下这两种情况并学习对过去情况的假设！i.对现在情况的假设：表示现在实际上并不存在的情况。条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反if + 主语 + 动词过去式（be动词通常用_）主语+ _ _+ 动词原形如：如果他们在这儿，他们会帮你: if they _ here, they would help you. ii.对将来情况的假设：表示将来不大可能实现的情况。条件状语从句主句与将来事实相反a. if+主语+_（be动词通常用were）b if+主语+_+动词原形c if+主语+_+

2、动词原形主语 + would / should / could / might + 动词原形小试 指出下列句子是对哪种情况的假设。1. if you should succeed, everything would be all right. 对_情况的假设2. if you succeeded, everything would be all right. 对_情况的假设3. if you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 对_情况的假设iii.请观察下面三个句子，注意主句和从句中谓语动词的使用。1. in the past, i

3、f someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he would have had no chance of getting a degree.过去，像我这样不能够通过高考而进入大学的人是没有机会拿到学位的。2. in the past, if someone had worked for a company for over 20 years, they would have stayed there until retirement!过去，如果一个人在一家公司工作了二十多年，他就会留

4、在那家公司直到退休。3. if the trees and flowers _(water) more, they _(grow)even better.如果给这些树木和花草多浇一些水的话，它们会长得更好。4. in the past, if i _ (want to see) them, i _ (have to visit )them in person.这三个句子都表示说话者对过去事实的一种推测，它们都有一种相同的表达方式，即：条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反if + 主语 + _时主语+ would / should / could / might + _+ _如：if he had n

5、ot been ill and missed many classes, he would have made progress.（解析：这句话的意思是：要不是他当时生病缺了许多课，他早就进步了。言下之意是由于他生病缺了许多课，所以他没有取得进步。） if she had worked hard, susan would have succeeded.（解析：这句话的意思是：如果苏珊当初努力的话，她早就成功了。事实上_，所以没有成功。）iv. 知识拓展 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，构成倒装。i

6、f they were here now, they could help us. = were they here now, they could help us.if it should rain, the crops would be saved. = _ it rain, the crops would be saved.if you had come earlier, you would have met him. = _ _ _ _ , you would have met him.即学即练 . 翻译下列句子。1. 如果她有时间，她会跟你一起去的。_, _2. 如果我是男孩，我就去

7、参军。if i _ (be) a boy, i would join the army.3. 如果你能更小心一点，米饭就不会烧焦了。if you had been more careful, the rice _ (be burnt).4. 如果明天下雨，足球赛就要延期。if it were to rain tomorrow, the football match _( put off). 从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1 _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut

8、 off.（2006 湖北）a. would you be b. should you be c. could you be d. might you be 2 _ he had not hurt his leg, john would have won the race.(2007全国卷)a. if b. since c. though d. when3. if you _ 100 years ago, you probably wouldnt have graduated from high school.a. lived b. had lived c. were living d. wo

9、uld live iii. 适当形式填空:1. if the exam _ (not be) so difficult, i _(pass).2. if he _ (put on) a tie, they _ (allow) him to enter the restaurant.3. if he _ (not be) sick, he _ (join) us for the tour .4. if it _ (not rain), we _ (go) to the beach. wish 后宾语从句中的虚拟语气及should have的用法请仔细观察下面3组含有wish的句子，注意黑体部分，

10、并总结wish后接宾语从句的虚拟语气的用法和从句中谓语动词的形式：1. i wish i knew his address. 我真希望我知道他的地址。(事实上我不知道他的地址。表示与_事实相反的愿望。)i wish the weather werent so cold. 要是天不那么冷就好了。(事实上天气很冷。表示与_事实相反的愿望。)2 he wished that he hadnt said that. 他真希望他当时没有那么说。(但事实上他已经那么说了。表示与_事实相反的愿望。)i wish i could have slept longer this morning, but i ha

11、d to get up and come to class. 我真希望今天早上能够多睡一会，但是我不得不早起赶去上课。(事实上我今天早晨还是早起了。表示与_事实相反的愿望。)3 i wish it would rain tomorrow. 我真希望明天会下雨。（事实上明天不会下雨。表示与_事实相反的愿望。）i wish he could go with me. 我真希望他会和我一起去。（事实上他不会和我一起去。表示与_事实相反的愿望。）及时总结 虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中:用法谓语动词的形式与现在事实相反用_ (be动词通常用_ )与过去事实相反用_或could / would / m

12、ight have + 过去分词与将来事实相反用_等 + 动词原形练一练 从所给的a、b、c、d中选出最佳选项填入空白处。1. how i wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!(2002 上海春)a. has b. had c. will have d. had had2. i really wish such an argument _ soon.a. will stop b. stopped c. would stop d. had stopped3. i wish i _ my uncle yesterday

13、.a. had met b. would met c. met d. have met4. have you ever been to beijing? no, but i wish i _.a. have b. will c. do d. had仔细阅读以下几个课文中的句子，体会should have done和shouldnt have done在句中的意思。i know that i wasnt a willing student and i shouldnt have been so difficult at school, but it was probably because i

14、lacked confidence.(p40)我上学时不是一个特别听话的学生， 我知道自己_这么叛逆，但那也许是因为我缺乏自信。he was very bright and should have done much better in all his other subjects. (p40)他非常聪明，他_能把其他所有的科目都学得更好。the government should have put more money towards science education. (p40)政府_给自然科学的教育多拨些经费。及时总结should have done表示_ = ought to hav

15、e doneshouldnt have done表示_ = oughtnt to have done拓展结构含义may / might have don_会做某事must have done_做过了某事could have done_做的事却_练一练 i. 根据句子的含义选择最恰当的词填空。1. a few minutes earlier and we _ have caught the train. (should / could / must )2. you _ have made such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.

16、 (shouldnt / might not)3. since the road is wet, it _ have rained last night. (should / could / must)4. you _ have waken me up; i dont have to go to work today. (mustnt / couldnt / shouldnt)ii. put the verbs in brackets in the correct form. add not if necessary.1.i didnt learn to play any instrument

17、 when i was at school . i wish i _ (learn) to play the guitar.2. im over six feet. i wish i _(grow) so tall.3. hes such a bad driver. i wish he _ (be) given a driving licence.4. i cant cook. i wish i _(can) prepare a family dinner for twelve people.iii. which of the options (a-d) mean the same as th

18、e sentences given? may be more than one.1.i regret i didnt study harder at school.a) i wish i hadnt studied harder at school. b) i wish i had studied harder at school.c) i wish i studied harder at school. d) i should have studied harder at school.2. what a pity i went to that school.a) i should have gone to that school.