生态自然和环保词汇

1、生态、自然和环保12Aa killi ng frost 严寒abrasionn.侵蚀；磨损acidificati onn. 土地酸化afforestati on n.绿化造林 agricultural ecology农业生态学air emissi on sta ndards空气排放标准air polluti on空气污染air pollution emission空气污染排放(物)algae n.藻类，海藻 altitude n.海拔ample rainfall n.充足的雨量 annual temperature range年气温幅度anomaliesn.反常(现象)aquatic life

2、 水生植物 aridadj.干旱的artificial rainn.人工降雨ash n.灰烬 atmosphere (The) n.大气层Autu mnal Equinox (fall equinox)秋分(9月22日左右)Vernal Equinox (spring equinox) 春分(3 月21日左右)详析acid rain n.酸雨Acid rain is an air pollution produced when acid chemicals are incorporated into rain, snow, fog or mist. The "acid" i

3、n acid rain comes from sulfur oxides and n itroge n oxides, products of burning coal and other fuels and fromcerta inin dustrial processes.详析alternative fuels -替代燃料Alternative fuelsin cludecompressedn atural gas, alcohols, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and electricity.Bbarrier effect of mountains 山

4、的阻隔 效应、栅栏效应beachgoer n.海滩游客 biomes n.生物群系详析biosphere n.生物圈The terrestrial biosphere includes the liv ing biota (pla nts and ani mals) and the litter and soil orga nic matter on land, and the marine biosphere in cludes the biota and detritus in the ocea ns.详析biotan.生态生物区Biota means the ani mal and pl

5、a nt (fa una and flora) life of a give n area.详析black holen.黑洞Black hole is a place where the gravity is so strong that light can't even escape from it. how would you know where to look for it? it can also be in terpreted as gateways to an alter native uni verse.Ccanopy n.树冠,华盖 car exhaustn.汽车尾气

6、carbon dioxide (CO2) n.二氧化碳 carb on mono xide (CO) n.氧化碳clean energy n.清洁能源 climate n.气候climatic ano maly 气候异常 climatic zones 气候带Temperate 温带(气候)the cool temperate zone寒温带the warm temperate zone暖温带Tropical热带（气候）Subtropical亚热带（气候）Tun dra苔原（气候）Equatorial赤道（气候）Arid干旱（气候）Mediterra nean 地中海式（气候）Polar (ar

7、ctic)极地（气候）Mountains高山（气候）Plateau 高原（气候）Maritime 海洋性（气候）Con ti nen tai climate大陆气候clint n.石芽coastl ine n.海岸线 combustionn.燃烧comet n.彗星contaminationn.污染con ti nen tai plate大陆板块continen tal shelves大陆架contingencyn.偶发事件convectionn 对流corrasionn.侵蚀cost-effective adj.成本效益好的， 合算的cumulonimbus cloudsn.积雨云详析Cle

8、an Air Actn.清洁空气法案The 1990 Clea n Air Act Ame ndme nts are the most far-reaching revisions of the 1970 law. In this summary, we refer to the 1990 amendmentsas the 1990Clea n Air Act.详析clean fuels n.清洁燃料 Low-pollutio nfuels that can replaceordinary gasoli ne详析con flue neen. 汇流（处）A con flue neeis wher

9、e a river joinsano ther river.Ddaily maximum temperatures n.日最高 气温daily minimum temperatures n. 日最低 气温death toll n.死亡人数debris flow 泥石流 decompositi on n.分解，腐烂deep water n.深冷水区 domestic sewagen.生活污水drought n.旱灾 dust storm n.沙尘暴例子deforestation n.森林砍伐 Efforts have bee nmadeto stopdeforestation the remov

10、alof foreststa nds by cutti ng and burning to provide land for agricultural purposes, reside ntial or in dustrial buildi ng sites, roads, etc. or by harvesti ng the trees for buildi ng materials or fuel.例子desertification n.（土壤）沙漠化，荒漠化Overgrazing of rangelands,large-scalecutti ng of forests andwoodla

11、 nds,drought, and burning of exte nsive areas all serve to destroy or degrade the land cover and cause desertificati on.earthquaken.地震earthquake magn itude震级eco-agriculture生态农业ecological impact生态影响eco-tech no logy生态技术emission n.排气；排放物 eddy n. / v.旋涡，起旋涡Environment Abstracts环境文摘environmen tal audit i

12、ng环境审核environmen tal aware ness环保意识environmen tal ben efit环境效益environmen tal degradati on环境恶化environmen tal hazards环境危机environmen tal lapse rate气温垂直递减率environmen tal man ageme nt环境管理environmen tal threats环境威胁environmentalistn.环境保护主义者epicentern.震中Equatorn.赤道equatorial zone赤道地区exist ing environmen tal

13、 regulati ons现有环境规范条例exti net species 灭绝的物种详析ecosystem n. 生态系统 An ecosystem is defi ned as place havi ngunique physical features, en compass ing air, water, and land, and habitats support ing pla nt and ani mal life.详析El Nino SouthernOscillation（ENSO）（气候学）厄尔尼诺南徊现象厄尔尼诺是西班牙语"El Nino"的音译。厄 尔尼

14、诺洋流南美洲西海岸海洋表面的一支 暖洋流，那时海底不再有冷的、丰富营养 的海水，能引起鲸鱼和鱼类的死亡并且影 响大部分太平洋地区的气候。在南美厄瓜 多尔和秘鲁沿岸，海水每年都会出现季节 性增暖现象，因为这种现象发生在圣诞节 前后，则被当地渔民称为厄尔尼诺-即"圣婴”（上帝之子）的意思。现在厄尔尼诺一 词已被气象和海洋学家用来专门指发生在 赤道太平洋东部和中部海水大范围持续异 常增暖的现象（在海洋气象学中规定，该 海域海水表层温度高出气候平均值0.5 C以上，且持续时间超过6个月以上时定为厄尔尼诺出现）。The term El Nino means ChristChild '

15、and was first used by Peruvia n fishermen in the late 1800' s to describethe warm current appearing off the wester n coast of Peru around Christmas time. El Ni no, and its sister eve nt La Nina - are the extreme phases of the souther noscillati on, with El Ninoreferring to a warming of the easte

16、rn tropical Pacific, and La Nina a cooli ng. 又 见 L 词条中 La Nina phenomenon 拉尼 娜现象forest coverage rate森林覆盖率forestationn.造林freshwater polluti on淡水污染详析firnn.积雪；万年雪；冰原Material that is tran siti onal betwee n snow and glacier ice. It is formed from snow after pass ing through one summer melt seas on and b

17、ecomes glacier ice after its permeability to liquid water falls to zero.详析food chain食物链A seque nee of orga ni sms, each of whichuses the next lower member of the seque nee as a food source.详析fossil fuel矿物燃料如石油、煤、天然气等，由古代生物衍生而成Any hydrocarb on deposit that can be burned for heat or power, such as pet

18、roleum, coal, and n atural gas.详析fungi(plural form of fungus) n.真菌(包括酵母、霉菌、担子菌和蘑菇等)Molds, mildews, yeasts, mushrooms, and puffballs, a group of orga ni sms that lack chlorophyll and therefore are not photos yn thetic.:glossary :扩展moldsn.霉菌bacterian.纟田菌virus)virusesn. 病毒（单数形式:n.环境to the sum of allaff

19、ect ingthe life,survival of an详析environment En viro nment refers exter nalcon diti onsdevelopme nt,andorga ni sm.Ffjord n.峡湾 flood n.洪水；洪灾G详析galaxy n.星系，银河1. A galaxy refers to a system of about100 billio n stars.2. The Milky Way 银河系gen era n.住物学牖，类(genus单数形式) geothermal energy n. 地热能 glacier n.冰河GM

20、T (Greenwich Mean Time) 格林威治平时grain for green 退耕还林(还草)grasslandn草地，草原greenhouse gases n.温室气体 ground depression n. 面沉降； 地面塌陷global warmi ng全球变暖例句 Worldwide temperatures have been rising which suggests a global warmi ng.全世界温度上升，说明全球正在 变暖.headla ndn. 岬Himalayas喜马拉雅山(脉)hot spri ngs温泉详析heat island effect

21、热岛效应Cities form heat isla nds due to in creased carb on dioxide.详析herbivore n.食草动物Herbivore is an animal that feeds on pla nts.扩展 geysers 间歇泉 huma n exposure hydrocarb on人体照射n.氮氢化合物，烃gorge n.山峡例句Geological early-warning system has bee n set up in three gorges. 在三峡 建了地质预警系统详析greenhouse effectn. 温室效应T

22、here is concern thatin creas ingconcentrationsof greenhouse gases,in cludi ng carb on dioxide and metha ne, may enhance the gree nhouse effect and cause global warmi ng.详析ground cover n.地被植物 Ground cover refers to plants grown to keep soil from erod ing.详析groundwatern. 地下水It means the supply of fres

23、h water found ben eath the surface of the Earth (usually in aquifers) that ofte n supplies wells and spri ngs.H详析Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)危害性空气污染物chemicals that cause serious health and en viro nmen tal effects.habitat n.自然环境，栖息地 hazardous chemicals有害化学物质hazardous substanee 危险品,有害物质 hazardous

24、waste危险废弃物hazen.薄雾，霾hydrology n.水文地理学I详析ice age冰河时期，冰川代Ice Age refers to the latest glacial epoch, the Pleistoce ne Epoch.详析ice sheet (continentalglacier)(地)大冰原；冰盾During the Pleistoce ne Epoch, ice sheets covered large parts of North America and northern Europe but they are now confined to polar reg

25、i ons (e.g., Gree nland and An tarctica).ice shelf(海)冰架in dustrial solid wastes工业固体废物in solationn.暴晒；(医)中暑intern ati onal energy forum国际能源论坛intern ati onal en ergy foun dati on国际能源组织isotope n.化同位素详析infiltration (soil)n.渗透Infiltrationmeans movementof waterfrom the gro und surface into the soil.详析infr

26、ared n.红外线light that is so red huma ns cannot see it详析infrared radiation红外线辐射Abbreviated IR; also called "Iongwave radiation".（简写为IR,又称长波辐射）详析isotherm n.等温线A line that joins places with the same temperature.Kkarst n.喀斯特地形（由于腐蚀而产生裂 隙，落水洞，潜流和洞穴的不规则的石灰 岩地区）a karst cave水蚀石灰洞；溶洞L详析La Nina pheno

27、menon（气候）拉尼娜现象拉尼娜：拉尼娜是西班牙语 "La Nina"-"小 女孩"的意思。气象和海洋学家用来专门指 发生在赤道太平洋东部和中部海水大范围 持续异常变冷的现象（海水表层温度低出 气候平均值0.5 C以上，且持续时间超过6 个月以上）。拉尼娜也称反厄尔尼诺现象。 厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜现象通常交替出现，对 气候的影响大致相反，通过海洋与大气之 间的能量交换，改变大气环流而影响气候 的变化。从近 50年的监测资料看，厄尔 尼诺出现频率多于拉尼娜，强度也大于拉 尼娜。又见 E词条中El Nino Southern Oscillation （ENSO

28、）（气候学）厄尔尼诺南徊现象land subside nee地面沉降lapse rate（山区）气温垂直递减梯度latitudes 纬度Ion gitudes经度life zone（生）生物带lava n.熔岩，火山岩 leadi ng-edge research 尖端研究 lightning n.闪电 litter v.乱扔垃圾litter n.（树林里的）枯枝落叶层 local topography 当地地形详析limestone scenery岩溶景色Limest one sce nery, or karst, forms some of the most attractive scen

29、ery in Britai n.Mmarine polluti onn.海洋污染marsh gas ; methanen.沼气mean annual temperatures n. 年平均气 温mean monthly temperatures n. 月平均气温Mediterra neann./adj.地中海（的）melt ing Snown.融雪meteor showern.流星雨micro-climatesn.小气候microorga nismn.微生物mid and high latitudes中高纬度地区mi neraln.矿物mist n.薄雾 moist air 潮湿空气 mold

30、y adj.霉烂的 mosquito control n.蚊虫控制 mountainous region n. 山区详析marsh n.湿地，沼泽Marsh is a type of wetla nd that does not accumulate appreciable peat deposits and is domin atedby herbaceousvegetati on.详析mon soonn.季候风；（印度等地的）雨季，季风The monsoons are stron gest in the souther n and easter n sides of Asia, but a

31、lso occur along the coasts of tropical regi ons wherever thepla netarycirculati on is not stro ng eno ugh to in hibit them.详析mouthn.入河口（入海口）A mouth is where a river meets the seaor an ocea n.NNatural disasters/ hazards n.自然灾 害、危害详析natural selection n.生自然 选择，物竞天择说The process of survival of the fittes

32、t by whichorganismsthat adapt to theiren viro nment survive while those that do not adapt disappear.扩展debris flow n.泥石流 drought n.干旱dust storm n.沙尘暴 extratropical cyclone n.温带气旋 earthquake n.地震 floodingn.洪水，水灾forest firen.森林火灾hail n.冰雹 hurrica nen.飓风hurrica ne warning n.飓风警报hurricane watchn.飓风监视stor

33、m surge n.风暴潮 tidal wave ( a tsunami)n. 海啸torn adon.旋风,龙卷风tropical cyclonen.热带气旋tropical storm n.热带风暴 typhoon n.台风 volcano eruptingn.火山暴发natural reserve / natural preservation zone自然保护区n atural resourceprotect ionareas自然资源保护区opacity.ocea n curre nts洋流ocea n tide 海潮ocea nic plate 海洋板块oil spill 石油泄漏 o

34、rga nism n.生物体，有机体Ppestn.害虫，瘟疫pesticide n.杀虫剂 photosynthesisn.光合作用planet n.行星扩展Pla net Earth地球Pla net Jupiter木星Pla net mars火星Pla net Mercury水星Pla net Neptu ne海王星Pla net Pluto冥王星Planet Saturn 土星Planet Uranus 天王星Pla net Venus 金星 polar adj.(南，北)极的 Pollutant n.污染物质Pollution Abstracts 污染文摘简称PA pollution

35、indexn.污染指数power plant n.发电站，发电厂 primary energy n. 次能源 primary polluta ntn. 次污染物protect n atural habitats保护生存环境PST = Pacific Sta ndard Time太平洋标准时间n ature-nu rture先天与后天；遗传与环境weakly motile(phytoplanktonani mals (zoopla nktonwhereas a concretewall has 100%n ebula (pl. n ebulae) n.星云nitrogen dioxiden.二氧

36、化氮Nitroge n oxiden.氧化氮noise pollution n.噪音污染 nu trie nt adj. 有营养的O详析opacity n.不透明性A glass win dow has almost 0% opacity,详析planktonn.浮游生物plankton refers to passively floating oraquatic pla nts 浮游植物）and 浮游动物）.详析precipitationn.降水（暴雨、雪、冻雪或冰雹降落到地表的任何形式的Any or all forms of liquid or solid water particles

37、that fall from the atmosphere and reach the Earth's surface. It i ncludes drizzle, rain, snow, snow pellets, snow grain s, ice crystals, ice pellets, and hail.扩展GMT = Greenwich Mean Time (time at 0 Ion g.)格林尼治平时EST = Eastern Sta ndard Time(美国)东部时间QQin ghai-Tibet plateau 青藏高原 quake n.震动；地震Rradiat

38、i on protecti on 辐射防护 radioactive materials放射性物质rain falln.下雨，雨量rare or endan gered species珍稀濒危物种recyclen.回收red tiden.红潮reflectivity n.反射率 releasen.释放ren ewable resources可再生资源residuen.残余物resource degradation n.资源消耗 respiration n.呼吸，呼吸作用 Richter Scalen.里氏地震强度表river bas in 流域例子reservoir n.水库，蓄水池One of

39、 the goals is to have Three Gorges Dam act as a reservoir during China ' s flood seas on.Ssalt marshesn.盐沼sand dunesn.沙丘seas onal variati onn.季节性波动secondary pollutantn.二次污染物seismic (earthquake) activity n. 地震 seismic waves n.地震波sewage treatme nt/ disposal n.污水处理shelterbeltn.防护林shrubla ndn.灌木林地so

40、il alkalinizationn. 土壤碱化soil erosi onn. 土壤侵蚀solar cyclen.太阳活动周期source ( the start of a river ) n. 源头space trashn.太空垃圾stalagmiten.石笋stratospheren.气同温层，最上层，最高阶段（也是Las Vegas赌城同名最高酒店）Super novan.超新星surface albedon.表面反照率surface watern.地表水sulfur dioxiden.二氧化硫swampn.'沼泽，湿地，煤层聚水详析silviculturen.造林学，林学Sil

41、viculture refers to man ageme ntofforest land for timber.详析smogn.工业烟雾，烟雾污染a mixtureofpolluta nts,prin cipallygroun d-levelozone,producedbychemical reactions in the air involvingsmog-form ing chemicals.详析solar windn.太阳风The wind from the Sun.详析Stalactiten.地钟乳Water dripping from the roofs of caves leav

42、e behi nd microscopic particles of calcium carb on ate. These build up as icicle shaped stalactites.详析sun spotn.太阳黑子A relatively dark, sharply defi nedregi onn the solar diskTtemperate adj.温和的 temperate climate n.温和的气候 temperature variati ons n.气温变化the amount of rain falln. 降雨量the biological diversi

43、ty n.生物多样性the Gan ges 恒河the ozone layer n. 臭氧层the Pacific Ring of Fire n.太平洋火 环(世界上最主要的火山带， 系环绕太平洋的边缘分布，号称火环”thermal polluti on n.热污染 thermal power plantsn.热电站three-D climate n.立体气候 Three Gorges Project n. 三峡工程 Three Gorges reservoirn. 三峡水库tree-hugger n.环境保护狂（有时甚至 以抱树的方式来护树或宣示捍卫树木的决 心-的环保人士）tropical

44、 rain forest n.热带雨林tropical stormn.热带风暴thundern.雷，雷声toxic chemicalsn.有毒化学物质tributaries n.支流 tropical storm n.热带风暴 traffic con gesti on交通拥塞详析the eye n.风眼 the cen tral part of the tropical storm详析temperature in vers ionn. 温度逆增、逆温现象Temperature inversion is one of the weather con diti ons that are ofte

45、n associated with serious smog episodes in some porti ons of the country 详析tephra n.火山灰Any rock material produced by a volca no.详析tun dra n.苔原，冻土A type of ecosystem dominated by lichens, mosses, grasses, and woody pla nts. It is found at high latitudes (arctic tun dra)and high altitudes (alp inetun

46、dra).UUNCED联合国环境与发展大会(环发大会)uniead gas n.无铅汽油urban refusen.城市垃圾urbanizationn.城市化urbanite n.都市人详析UV (ultraviolet) n. 紫外线 Light that is so blue huma ns cannot see it. A band of theelectromag neticspectrum between the visible and the X-ray. Photons of ultraviolet light are more energetic than photons of

47、 visible light.Vvapor n. / v.蒸发vegetation cover n.植被覆盖 velocity n.迅速，快速；周转率 visibility n.可见度 volcanic eruptionn.火山喷发volcanoesn.火山扩展extinct volcanon.死火山dormant volcano n.休眠火山 active volcano n.活火山Wwaste disposaln.废物处理water loss and soil erosion n. 水土流失 water pollutionn.水污染watershed n.分水岭 weather n.天气详

48、析wetlandsn. 湿地wild fauna and floran.野生动植物An area that is regularly saturated by surface water or gro un dwater and subseque ntly is characterized by a prence of vegetation that is adapted for life in saturated-soil con diti ons.wilder nessn.荒野,未开垦的荒地wildfiren.野火wood earn.木耳woodla ndn.林地World Environ

49、mentDay(Ju ne5)世界环境日World MeteorologicalDay(March23)世界气象日World<OceansDay(Ju ne8)世界海洋日World Water Day (March 22) 世界水日Zzoo n.动物园zoologyn.动物学，生态zooplankton n.浮游动物1. 白色污染white pollution(non-degradable white plastics)2. 保护生存环境protect naturalhabitats3. 城市垃圾urban refuse4. 地面沉降land subside nee;ground dep

50、ressi on5.二次污染物see on dary polluta nt6. 二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide7. 二氧化硫sulfur dioxide8二氧化碳earb on dioxide9.防风治沙 cheek wind and con trol sand10.防护林shelterbelt11. 防治沙漠化 combat desertificati on12. 圭寸山育林 set apart hills for forestry13. 工业固体废物in dustrial solid wastes绿色奥运 green Olympic Games1. 绿色能源（e.g. the s

51、olar power2. 绿色企业3. 绿色食品4. 牧场5. 牧放（吃草）6. 青藏高原7. 清洁能源8. 全球变暖9. 热带风暴10. 热带雨林11. 热岛效应12. 热污染13. 人工降雨14. 三峡工程gree n en ergy resource 女口：太阳能)gree n en terprise gree n food pasturegrazeQin ghai-Tibet plateau clea n en ergy global warmi ng tropical storm tropical rain forest heat isla nd effectthermal poll

52、uti on artificial rainThree Gorges Project14.国际生物多样性日InternationalBiodiversity Day (Dec.29)15. 国家环保基本方针China ' s guidingprin ciple for environmen tal protect ion16. 国家环保总局SEPA ( StateEn viro nmen tal Protectio n Adm ini strati on)17. 海洋生物 mari ne life18. 化害为利；变废为宝turn theharmful into the ben efi

53、cial and waste into15. 三峡工程 three gorges project16. 三峡水库 Three Gorges reservoir17. 森林覆盖率18. 沙尘暴19. 沙漠化20. 生活污水21. 生态技术22. 生态农业23. 生态示范区forest coverage dust storm; sand storm desertificati ondomestic sewage eco-tech no logy eco-agriculture ecodem on strati on regi onvaluable19. 环保产品products20. 环保意识en

54、 viro nmen t-frie ndlyen vir onmen talaware ness21. 环境恶化en viro nmentaldegradati on22. 环境污染综合防治in tegratedcon trol of environmen tal polluti on23. 环境效益environmen tal benefit24. 环境指标 environmen tal criteria25. 减少拥挤 deco ngestion26. 交通噪音traffic noise27. 可再生资源28. 立体气候29. 环发大会ren ewable resources3-D climateUN Conference on/ environmen t-frie ndly regi on24. 灾地区25. 水产资源26. 水土流失erosi on27. 死亡率28. 死亡人数29. 酸雨30. 太空