诺贝尔获奖者演讲英文PPT

1、from einstein to nanotechnologybaotou, april 26, 2011the magic and beauty of (nano-)small or working at an ever smaller scale shaped thetechnical revolutions of the pasttechnical revolutions & miniaturizationgeo revolutionthe world scale.1492 world tradeindustrial revolution mechanics, electrici

2、ty 1698, 1769from macro- to micro scalephysical tasksit revolutionthe micro scalemicro-electronics, micro-mechanics .1925. 1934 1945, 1947simple mental tasksnano revolution ?the nano scalenano-electronics, -mechanics, -chemistry, -biology. .1905. 1979 . complex mental & physical tasks title: on

3、a heuristic point of view concerning the production and transformation of light march 18photoelectric effect1905 “annus mirabilis” or the “wonder year”dualism wave photon / interaction of light with matteratoms & molecules become real objectstitle: on the movement of small particles suspended in

4、 stationary liquids required by the molecular-kinetic theory of heat may 11brownian motion10 cm1 l1 daydiffusion: diff d210 m1 msec10-12 l10 nm1 n sec10-21 la first direct nano property“everything emerges from the nm scale and isto micro- and macro-shapes, motions, and processes synthezisedin nature

5、sense & actuate:small by smallweak by weakmany by manyat the nano levele.g. arrays of nanosensorsnano- strategyscience and technology on the nanometer scale new scientific frontierpushing the limits to the ever smalleremerged in a natural way as aminiaturization from micro to nano “top-down” fro

6、m simple molecules to large functional supra-molecules “bottom-up” biology as hybrid of both approachesatoms & molecules become real objectstitle: on a heuristic point of view concerning the production and transformation of light march 18photoelectric effect1905 “annus mirabilis” or the “wonder

7、year”dualism wave photon / interaction of light with mattersept. 27e=mc2title: does the inertia of a body depend upon its energy content? nuclear energy / particle physics / big bang theory of (special) relativityjune 30title: on the electro-dynamics of moving bodies. astrophysics / cosmology / gpst

8、itle: on the movement of small particles suspended in stationary liquids required by the molecular-kinetic theory of heat may 11brownian motionprogress of science or how breakthroughs come about problem (and curiosity) drivendiscovery (serendipity, unexpectedly)for both of them: you never know “what

9、; when, and by whom”sequence of thinkingwhat would change if i could do it ?what is important that i do it ?how can i do it ?what are the consequences ?what is once done ot communicated is irrecvobledone issues and challenges nano scale material sciencelocal growth, nano-particles, nano for nanothe

10、central challenge of nanoscale material science:growth & fabricationof given structures or componentsat given locations for given functions nano scale material sciencelocal growth, nano-particles, nano- interfaceinterface as active componentissues and challengesninterface = nphase(nphase - 1)non

11、-invasiv“ - functionality protecting - transparentinterface, the face of action the tunneling interfacemolecular switchmeyer, ibm zurich researchdecouples electronic wavefunctions from substrateallows electron transfer to substrate- electronic properties of atoms/molecules - catalytic processes on i

12、nsulators- metallic nanostructuresninterface = nphase(nphase - 1)non-invasiv“ - functionality contacts: classical, quantum electrical, chemical, mechanicalprotecting - transparentcolorful - flatinterface, the face of actioninterface, the face of actionninterface = nphase(nphase - 1)non-invasiv“ - fu

13、nctionality contacts: classical, quantum electrical, chemical, mechanicalprotecting - transparentcolorful - flatinterface science : the modern materials sciencefunctionalactionfunctional nano scale material sciencelocal growth, nano-particles, the solid liquid interfaceambient, nature, electrochemis

14、try nano- interfaceinterface as active componentissues and challengesliquid-solid, the power interfaceindispensible for:assembly scenariosbiology / medicinefunctionalization of surfacesease the surface traffic congestion“ nano small ultrahighdensities: components, energyintensities: currents, fluxes

15、, fields, speed: mechanics, ratessensitivity: molecular recognitionnano small : small numbers nano scale material sciencelocal growth, nano-particles, the solid liquid interfaceambient, nature, electrochemistry nano- interfaceinterface as active component the 1/ n issuesmall nissues and challengesth

16、e 1/ n issueps i 100 a ; r contact 1 k q 10 j, (v 100mv)ns i 100 na q 10 pj, (v 100v)fluctuation of currents: 1/ n 3% n 1000 electronsfluctuation of dopants: 1/ n 3% n 1000 dopantsthe positions of the dopants become impportant : ordered doping atoms doping level: 1020 cm-3, volume: 30 x30 x30 nm3 co

17、ntrol by countingnano small ultrahighdensities: components, energyintensities: currents, fluxes, fields, speed: mechanics, ratessensitivity: molecular recognitionlarge systems : ultralarge numbers of componentsnano small : small numbers nano scale material sciencelocal growth, nano-particles, the so

18、lid liquid interfaceambient, nature, electrochemistry nano- interfaceinterface as active component the energy dissipation issue we have been there before the 1/ n issuesmall nissues and challengessteam ironthe crucial issue of power dissipationnumber of components : d-2lead resistance : d-2“contact”

19、 resistance rq : d-4leakage currents : exp (d)power dissipation in present cmos technology:50% by active components, 50 % by leakage currentsoff“-state dissipates same or more than on“-statenonvolatile switches bistable nanostructuresbased onfor memories and processors revival of two terminal device

20、sdoes not downgrade an amplifier to a switch nano scale material sciencelocal growth, nano-particles, energy supply and information transferlocal chemical energy, fieldsthe solid liquid interfaceambient, nature, electrochemistry nano- interfaceinterface as active component the energy dissipation iss

21、ue we have been there before the 1/ n issuesmall nissues and challengeswireless communication between & with autonomous nano- systems fields, messengers wireless energy supply to autonomous nano- systemsnano energy harvesting“large systems :ultralarge number of components e.g. giga-components /

22、chip, peta- byte storagesmall systems :moderate number of componentse.g. nano robots, local sensor - actuation - processor systems pocket size terabits“pervasive bridges between thereal world of action &virtual world of data processingfutureultimate goal nano scale material sciencelocal growth,

23、nano-particles, energy supply and information transferlocal chemical energy, fieldsthe solid liquid interfaceambient, nature, electrochemistry nano- interfaceinterface as active component the energy dissipation issue we have been there before the 1/ n issuesmall ntheorycomputational sciencesissues a

24、nd challengescomputational methods are the theory of nanoat the transition of condensed matter behavior to atomic and molecular ropertiesno a priore dimension and symmetryinterfacing of very different functionsprocessescomplex systemscomputational methods for nano:computers and computationcomputer s

25、peedrelative performance(independent spin flipsper cpu sec)1031061091970198019902000the challenge from hardware to softwarehardware: components & component clusters sensors and actuatorssoftware (sw): the way to solve the problemsw in computation: dawn at the horizon architectures, algorithms, p

26、rogram braincells instead of peta-flopssw in nano: a long way to go until dawn sensor, actuator, and processor systems stragies of naturenano & computation nano scale material sciencelocal growth, nano-particles, energy supply and information transferlocal chemical energy, fieldsthe solid liquid

27、 interfaceambient, nature, electrochemistry nano- interfaceinterface as active componentcomplex nanosystemscells (systems biology), the energy dissipation issue we have been there before the 1/ n issuesmall ntheorycomputational sciencesissues and challengescell, the nano-world ofsmart sensorssmart a

28、ctuatorsprocess control without central processora new challenge: nanomedicinenanotechnologyon a higher; more complex leveltargeted drug delivery (drug encapsula in targeting system0204060800.0010.010.1110100final drug concentration mol/l disease suppressor efficacyfree drugtargeteddrugb)100 x enhanced drug efficacy 100%drug efficacy (lower is better) nanocarrier-targeted drugst