精选文档FACS附录一面部表情编码系统

1、appendix i:index to video examplesaus and combinations that are illustrated with mpeg video are sorted in au order in the table below. each video is cross-referenced to the filename of the video clip, the manual page containing the scoring commentary, and the sequenceof the clip in the continuous mp

2、eg master video (roughly the order of appearance in the manual and in the table of scor-ing commentaries). (the digital transfer of the original film examples does not contain the newer examples.) the videoclips are in the examples/video directory of the cd rom. (an identical set of video clips in q

3、uicktime® format can befound in the examples/video/qt directory.) the continuous mpeg is in the manual directory. online viewers can clickthe hyperlinks in the column “filename of video clip” to see the video, and the links in the “page number of scoringcommentary” to see the commentary. aus il

4、lustrated 11+21+2+41+2+51+4244+555+766+7 (i)6+7 (ii)6+7+126+12 (i)6+12 (ii)6+156+4e3, 7+43efilename of videoclipau1.mpgau1_2.mpgau1_2_4.mpgau1_2_5.mpgau1_4.mpgau2.mpgau4.mpgau4_5.mpgau5.mpgau5_7.mpgau6only.mpgau6_7.mpgau6.mpgau67_12au6_12b.mpgau6_12o.mpgau6_15.mpgau6_7_43.mpgpage numberof scoringcom

5、mentarypage 413page 416page 416page 416page 415page 413page 413page 415page 414page 415page 414page 414page 414page 423page 422page 422page 424page 416sequence inmpegmaster21112131031849-6-37-4614facial action coding system377index to video examples7 (i)7 (ii)7+128+26 9au7.mpgau7only.mpgau7_12o.mpga

6、u8_26.mpgau9.mpgpage 414page 414page 422page 429page 4175-70159+16+25 au9_16.mpgpage 418209+171010+12+16+25 10+12+25 10+1410+1510+15+1710+16+2510+1710+17+23 10+20+2510+22+25 10+23+25 au9_17.mpgau10.mpgau101216.mpgau101225.mpgau10_14.mpgau10_15.mpgau101517.mpgau10_16.mpgau10_17.mpgau101723.mpgau10202

7、5.mpgau102225.mpgau102325.mpgpage 418page 417page 423page 423page 420page 419page 419page 418page 419page 427page 421page 426page 4262216413931232621246133675311 au11.mpgpage 4213512 (i)12 (ii)12+15 12+15+17 12+16+25 12+17 12+17+23 12+23 12+24 12+26 12+27 131414+17au12.mpgau12only.mpgau12_15.mpgau12

8、1517.mpgau121625.mpgau12_17.mpgau121723.mpgau12_23.mpgau12_24.mpgau12_26.mpgau12_27.mpgau13.mpgau14.mpgau14_17.mpgpage 421page 422page 424page 424page 423page 424page 427page 426page 426page 423page 424page 422page 420page 42036-454740446054554243382832facial action coding system37814+23 1515+1715+1

9、7+23 15+23 16+20+2516+22+25 16+23+25 16+25 (i)16+25 (ii)1717+23 17+24 18 18+23 192020+23+25 20+2620+2721 22+23+25 22+25 23 23+26 24 28 29303132333435au14_23.mpgau15.mpgau15_17.mpgau151723.mpgau15_23.mpgau162025.mpgau162225.mpgau162325.mpgau16.mpgau16ii.mpgau17.mpgau17_23.mpgau17_24.mpgau18.mpgau18_2

10、3.mpgad19.mpgau20.mpgau202325.mpgau20_26.mpgau20_27.mpgau21.mpgau222325.mpgau22_24.mpgau23.mpgau23_26.mpgau24.mpgau28.mpgad29.mpgad30.mpgau31.mpgad32.mpgad33.mpgad34.mpgad35.mpgpage 426page 417page 419page 427page 428page 421page 429page 429page 418page 418page 417page 427page 427page 425page 428pag

11、e 429page 419page 428page 420page 420page 429page 428page 425page 425page 428page 425page 425page 430page 430page 430page 430page 430page 431page 431561825576334686919-1758594862-2766293071654950645152-facial action coding system379index to video examples363738; 39 46m55m57m59m60m61m68m69m83ad36.mpg

12、ad37.mpgau38_39.mpgau46.mpgm55.mpgm57.mpgm59.mpgm60.mpgm61.mpgm68.mpgm69.mpgm83.mpgpage 431page 431page 431page 415page 432page 432page 433page 433page 433page 432page 432page 432-727-facial action coding system380appendix ii:scores for referenceexample images and videosthe example images and videos

13、 portray aus to illustrate au descriptions1. although every attempt was made to useexamples that show only the aus intended to be represented, this goal was not always achieved because of the difficultyof eliminating all other actions from the performance of the intended aus. below are complete facs

14、 scores for each ofthe example images. these scores contain the intensity score, which is usually not emphasized in the au descriptions ofsection a, a unilateral prefix if unilateral or an asymmetry score (a scoring option) if asymmetrical. these scores allowthe careful student to determine more pre

15、cisely what causes certain appearances in the example images. an example mayinadvertently contain a score for an au that has not been previously discussed. if so, focus on the intended aus and return to the example later when the as yet unfamiliar au is discussed. the scores for the examples will he

16、lp to under-stand the relevance of the examples for scoring decisions made in practical scoring situations after facs training is com-plete. the commentaries present the evidence for the aus scored and the intensity assigned, and discuss why other auswere not scored. any difficulties in scoring are

17、highlighted. in the scoring of the video, the scores pertain to the maximum extent of the movement in the clip and include all the actions of significance, regardless of the complexities that might beintroduced by the event scoring in chapter 11.if you are reading online, click the thumbnail to view

18、 the image in an external viewer, click the page number link to moveto the manual page containing the image, or click on the “(get neutral)” link to see the neutral for the person in an exter-nal viewer.image name & example imagepage number0page 465facs score0rationalethe face is not showing any

19、 action, often called a neutral face. theface is not actually at rest because the eyes are open, the jaw isclosed, etc., but no au can be scored. this neural face is the base-line for scoring aus in the example images of this person, andsimilar states of “neutral” faces are used most often as baseli

20、nes in actual scoring situations, although other baselines can also be used,as discussed in chapter 11.1. the images of the au examples for facs were photographed and scored for the first edition under the minimum requirements andco-occurrence rules of the original facs manual. for this version of t

21、he manual, these photos were scanned into digital images, re-cropped, and then re-scored using the intensity criteria approach. differences in the scoring techniques, especially eliminating min-imum requirements, changed the rules that originally assessed the quality of the photos as examples. minor

22、 deviations from theintended actions occur in the examples, but the portrayals do not contradict the aus description.facial action coding system381scores for reference example images and videos4ipage 466(get neutral)4iipage 466(get neutral)w0page 465(get neutral)w4page 465(get neutral)v4c+38a4d04b+3

23、8aslight to marked vertical wrinkles appear in the glabella and the eyebrows are pulled together markedly. the inner parts of the eye-brows are pulled down a trace on the right and slightly on the leftwith traces of wrinkling at the corners. notice the skin bunching that begins above the middle of e

24、ach eyebrow and continues moremedial making shallow waves, a sure sign of au 4, and the bunch-ing of skin in the glabella. the 4 meets criteria for the c level onthe basis of the pulling together. because the skin bunching abovethe eyebrows is a trace greater on the left, and the left eyebrow is low

25、ered a trace more, asymmetry is l1 and the v prefix isassigned to the 4. how about au 1 because of the arch in the firsthorizontal wrinkle above the glabella? this change is due to thebunched skin in the glabella bending that wrinkle up. consideringau 5 because of the harsh quality in the eye? there

26、 is no hard evi-dence for 5, which you can confirm by covering the eyebrows witha card. the trace of nostril flaring in the changed shape of thethinned nostril wings is sufficient for 38a.severe vertical wrinkles and skin bunching between the eyebrows,severe drawing together of the eyebrows, and sev

27、ere to extremeeyebrow lowering put this 4 at the d intensity. both lowering anddrawing together of the eyebrows has increased from image 4i, butthe lowering has increased much more. notice that the other signs of 4 listed for image 4i have also increased. the arch in the lowest horizontal furrow of

28、the forehead has straightened because of thelowering and pulling down of the glabella. again, there is no evi-dence of au 5 when looking closely at only the eyelid. the dark shadow between the lips should not entice the coder to score 25because 25 requires certainty, but they are certainly closed.th

29、e neutral face shows the appearance of a lowered, slanting eye-brow, a permanent feature. also, note the furrows beyond the lipcorners, deepened parts of the nasolabial furrow. these furrowsand the wrinkling in the forehead are asymmetrical. the eye coverfold is virtually hidden, making action of 5

30、more difficult to detect.the eyebrows are slightly lowered and pulled together and slightvertical wrinkles form between the eyebrows, sufficient to score 4b. the marked thinning and flaring of the nostrils is sufficient toscore 38a in a still image.facial action coding system3821page 466(get neutral

31、)2page 466(get neutral)5ipage 467(get neutral)5iipage 467(get neutral)w5ipage 467(get neutral)1b+38av2c+38a5b5e5b+38athe inner corners of the eyebrows are lifted slightly, the skin of the glabella and forehead above it is lifted slightly, and wrinklesdeepen slightly and a trace of new ones form in t

32、he center of theforehead. someone might contend that either the wrinkling or the inner brow raise is marked, and therefore the score should be 1c,but compare these changes to those in the image 1+2 below andother images where au 1 is at much greater intensity and re-cali-brate. there is no sign of a

33、us 2, 4, 5, 6, or 7 whatsoever. in thelower face, nostril flaring evident in the raised and thinned nostrilwing and increased nostril size is marked, a level in a still image. the outer part of the eyebrow raise is pronounced. the wrinkling above the right outer eyebrow has increased markedly, and t

34、hewrinkling on the left is pronounced. increased exposure of the eyecover fold and skin is pronounced. the score is 2c.there is nosign that the inner corners of the eyebrows are raised, althoughthey may be drawn laterally, and wrinkling in the center of theforehead has not changed in shape or positi

35、on. although thesewrinkles may have deepened somewhat, the changes in the outerpart of the wrinkles due to 2 can explain this change. thus, au 1 iseliminated.the greater number and depth of wrinkling on the leftmakes the asymmetry trace (l1), so assign the prefix v. the slightchanges in the nostril

36、again indicate 38a.au 5 is hard to see here because the eyebrows are set low and the eye cover fold has little exposure. the upper eyelid is pulled up,the medial part virtually disappearing into the revulsion margin ofthe eye cover fold. more sclera around the upper part of the iris isrevealed the i

37、nner corner of the eye shows more mucosa andsclera. in the neutral photo, no sclera is exposed and the upper eye-lid covers the top part of the iris, but here, we can extrapolate fromthe shape of the upper eyelid that virtually the entire iris isexposed, if we could see under the eye cover fold obsc

38、uring the topof the iris. this change is sufficient to score 5b on this person.the upper eyelid is raised to about the maximum and a maximumamount of sclera shows above the iris. the bulging, staring appear-ance is present without doubt. this evidence is sufficient to score5e. the lower eyelid is so

39、mewhat raised and straightened, cover-ing more of the iris, but this is due to the maximum 5 pulling up onthe lower eyelid; but there is no 7 in this item. (a 7 would wrinkle the lower eyelid and pull it up onto the eyeball, causing a bulgeand straightening it much more - see item 7 below.)the upper

40、 eyelid is raised to reveal virtually the entire top of theiris, sufficient to score 5b as the top of the iris is covered in neu-tral. slight flaring and thinning of the nostrils is sufficient to score 38a.facial action coding system383scores for reference example images and videosw5iipage 467(get n

41、eutral)7page 468(get neutral)6page 468(get neutral)w7page 468(get neutral)5e7cg7d+6c4a+7cthe upper eyelid is raised to reveal sclera in the maximum range,evident on the right side, sufficient to score 5e. notice that the maximum 5 has stretched and lifted the lower eyelid a trace, butthere is no act

42、ion of au 7 in this item.the lower eyelid is raised markedly and straightened slightly, caus-ing slight bulging, and the narrowing of the eye aperture is markedto pronounced, sufficient to score 7c. no other actions are detect-able in this item.the infraorbital triangle is raised markedly, pushing s

43、kin below theeye up, slightly deepening the nasolabial furrow, and pulling up theskin of the upper lip a trace. marked crows feet wrinkles form atthe eye corners as the lateral top of the infraorbital triangle is raised and the lateral part of the eyebrow is lowered slightly,changing the shape of th

44、e eye cover fold as the outer ring of orbic-ular muscle constricts. this evidence is sufficient to score 6c. even though the action of 6 is expected to push up skin below theeye and wrinkle the lower eyelid, the eyelid in this item is pulledfar up on the eyeball, beyond the effect that 6 alone can p

45、roduce,causing severe bulging and wrinkling of the lower eyelid and nar-rowing of the eye aperture. note how the skin of the lower eyelidis drawn markedly to the inner corner of the eye, narrowingseverely the angle around the lacrimal gland. the upper eyelid islowered, contributing to the changes in

46、 the eye cover fold pro-duced by the action of 6. this evidence is sufficient to score 7d.both the wrinkling and the narrowing due to 7 are a trace greateron the right, or r1, so the prefix g is assigned. even though thecorners of the lips are turned up a trace and the nasolabial furrowbeyond the li

47、p corners is pulled laterally a trace, these effects are probably due to the au 6 pulling, and no au 12 is scored here,lacking evidence from the movement.the lower lid is raised and straightened markedly on the eyeball, causing pronounced bulging and narrowing of the eye aperture,sufficient to score

48、 7c. notice how the skin of the lower eyelid isdrawn in towards the inner eye corners to affect the angle of theeyelid around the lacrimal duct. a trace of vertical wrinklingbetween the eyebrows, a trace of brow lowering, especially theright, is sufficient to score 4a.facial action coding system384w

49、6page 468(get neutral)43ipage 469(get neutral)43iipage 469(get neutral)43iiipage 469(get neutral)7epage 469(get neutral)6c+7d43b43d43e7ethe raise of the infraorbital triangle is pronounced, the deepeningof the nasolabial furrow is marked, and skin of the upper lip israised a trace. pronounced crows

50、feet wrinkles form at the eye corners as the lateral top of the infraorbital triangle is raised severely, and the infraorbital furrow is deepened severely. this evi-dence is sufficient to score 6c. the action of 6 pushes up skinbelow the eye, but the eyelid in this item is pulled far up on theeyebal

51、l, beyond the effect that 6 alone can produce, causing severebulging and wrinkling of the lower eyelid and severely narrowingthe eye aperture. note how the skin of the lower eyelid is drawnseverely to the inner corner of the eye, narrowing the angle aroundthe lacrimal gland. this evidence is sufficient to score 7d. the eyebrows may be lowered a trace, but the 6 can explain this effect.the upper eyelid is relaxed and drooping down slightly, sufficientto s