[大学英语考试复习资料]专升本英语模拟19_1

1、大学英语考试复习资料专升本英语模拟19大学英语考试复习资料专升本英语模拟19专升本英语模拟19Part Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passage and answer the questions. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the

2、Answer Sheet. What we don't know or refuse to recognize is that modern man has been altering his total environment so swiftly and suddenly that the whole "great chain of life" on this planet is in danger. All of us live on a tiny spaceship carrying with it its own limited resources for

3、 survival.What we have now is all we will ever have to keep us alive. But man has been harming this system. He cannot help it. Everything we do alters our environment: the ways we grow food and build shelter and create what we call "culture" and "civilization". World population i

4、s growing at such a rate that by the year 2050 nearly seven billion people will live on the earth.Industrialization has added its own burden to the population pressure. The more we produce and consume, the more waste products we discharge into the air and water and land around us, where they do not

5、disappear, but last forever in one form or another. Great progress is being made in the productivity of our soil, yet agriculture is now taking more nutrients (营养) from it than are being replaced each year. "Ecology", the study of the relationship between life systems and their environment

6、, is what everybody on this planet must now start thinking about quickly if we are to avoid destructive changes within the closed system of our spaceship. 1. It seems to the writer that _.A.it is easy to do harm to our environmentB.the planet on which man lives is too small for man to surviveC.man s

7、hould not create his culture and civilization too rapidlyD.man does not want to admit the danger of what he has done to the environment答案:D本题为细节辨析题。文章第一句话提出，“我们所不知或拒绝承认的一件事是：现代人类过于快速且突然地在改变生存环境，以至于这个星球上的整个生命链都处于危险之中”。由此可见，“人们不愿意承认他们对环境所产生的危险”，即 D 选项是正确的。2. The sentence "He cannot help it"

8、(Para. 3, Line l) most probably means " _".A.man cannot avoid destroying the environmentB.man cannot obtain resources he needs from other planetsC.man cannot survive for a long timeD.man cannot help to create a new environment答案:A本题为细节辨析题。由文章所知，“人们一直以来都在破坏环境，但他们没有办法不这么做，因为他们所做的每件事都是对环境的破坏，

9、比如他们要种植粮食，要建遮风避雨的房子，还要创造文明等”。由于人们不可能不种粮食，不住房子，所以对于环境的破坏是不可避免的。3. According to the passage, the development of industry and agriculture seems _.A.only a burden to the human societyB.the result of the rapid growth of populationC.more harmful than beneficialD.not likely to slow down答案:C本题为细节辨析题。由文章可知，在

10、工业上，我们生产得越多，我们释放到空气、水、土壤中的废物也就越多，这些废物不会消失，会以某种形式永远存在。在农业上，人们通过努力使得土壤的种植产量增多，然而也就使得土壤中大量的养料被吸取。因此，工农业的发展弊大于利。4. The word "it" (Para. 4, the last sentence) refers to _.A.great progressB.agricultureC.our soilD.productivity答案:C该句含义为，人们通过努力使得土壤的种植产量增加，更多的产量势必会耗费更多的土壤养分，然而土壤养分的更新恢复跟不上土壤养分的消耗速度。句

11、中 taking more nutrients from it 指“从土壤中吸取更多的养分”。5. The writer advises us to think about ecology, because _.A.it enables us to survive in the closed system of a spaceshipB.it is a modern science that everybody has to learnC.it can be learned quickly if we study it hardD.it helps us to understand the r

12、elationship between living beings and the environment答案:D作者在文章最后一段提到生态学，并建议人们考虑生态学方面的问题，也就是考虑人与其所生存的环境之间的关系问题，目的是为了防止人们对自己所生存的这个封闭的系统地球进行破坏性的改变。spaceship 只是一种比喻，强调地球上的可供人们生存的资源是有限的。 What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms: gen

13、eralization and reduction. Most psychologists deal with generalization. They explain particular instances of behavior as examples of general laws. For instance most psychologists would explain a pathologically strong fear of dogs as an example of classical conditioning. Presumably, the person was fr

14、ightened earlier in life by a dog. An unpleasant stimulus was paired with the sight of the animal (perhaps the person was knocked down by an exuberant dog) and the subsequent sight of dogs evokes the earlier response-fear. Most physiologists deal with reduction. Phenomena are explained in terms of s

15、impler phenomena. For example, the movement of a muscle is explained in terms of changes in the membrane of muscle cells, entry of particular chemicals, and interactions between protein molecules within these cells. A molecular biologist would "explain" these events in terms of forces that

16、 bind various molecules together and cause various parts of these molecules to be attracted to one another. Like other scientists, physiological psychologists believe that all natural phenomena-including human behavior-are subject to the laws of physics. Thus, the laws of behavior can be reduced to

17、descriptions of physiological processes. How does one study the physiology of behavior? Physiological psychologists cannot simply be reductionists. It is not enough to observe behaviors and correlate them with physiological events that occur at the same time. Identical behaviors, under different con

18、ditions, may occur for different reasons, and thus be initiated by different physiological mechanisms. This means that we must understand "psychologically" why a particular behavior occurs before we can understand what physiological events made it occur. 6. What does the passage mainly dis

19、cuss?A.The difference between "scientific" and "unscientific" explanations.B.The difference between human and animal behavior.C.How fear would be explained by the psychologist, physiologist, and molecular biologist.D.How scientists differ in their approaches to explaining natural

20、 phenomena.答案:D本题为主旨归纳题。本文主要介绍了科学家们解释事物现象的两种常用方法，一是归纳概括，一是简化分解。作者还举例说明，心理学家常用前一种方法，生理学家常用后一种方法，而生理心理学家则不能简单地只应用一种方法。因此，本文主要内容是不同的科学家解释自然现象时所采用的方法不同。7. In the first paragraph the word "deal" could best be replaced by " _".A.barterB.bargainC.are playingD.are concerned答案:D本题为词义理解题。b

21、arter 意为“交换”；bargain 意为“议价”；play 意为“玩，播放，比赛”；be concerned with 意为“牵涉到，与有关”。本句大意为：大多数心理学家都要涉及到归纳概括法。8. Which of the following is most clearly analogous to the example in the passage of the person who fears dogs?A.A child chokes on a fishbone and as an adolescent is reluctant to eat fish.B.A person fe

22、els lonely and after a while buys a dog for companionship.C.A child studies science in school and later grows up to become a teacher.D.A person hears that a snowstorm is predicted and that evening is afraid to drive home.答案:A文中所举例子大致含义为“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草绳”，所以只有 A 项，“小孩被鱼骨卡过，以后长大了也不愿吃鱼”，最符合这种情况。9. According

23、 to the passage, which of the following is important in explaining a muscle movement?A.The flow of blood to the muscles.B.Classical conditioning.C.Protein interactions.D.The entry of unpleasant stimuli through the cell membrane.答案:C本题为细节辨析题。文中提到，为了解释肌肉运动，要从以下几个方面来说：肌肉细胞膜的变化、某些化学物质的进入以及细胞内部蛋白质分子的交互作用

24、。10. The author implies that which of the following is the type of scientific explanation most likely used by a molecular biologist?A.Experimentation.B.Reduction.C.Interaction.D.Generalization.答案:B本题为细节推理题。文中提到，“大多数生理学家都应用简约分解法来解释事物现象”，而细胞生物学家很显然也是其中一员。 In only two decades Asian Americans have becom

25、e the fastest-growing U. S. minority (少数民族). As their children began moving up through the nation's schools, it became clear that a new class of academic achievers was emerging. Their achievements are reflected in the nation's best universities, where mathematics, science and engineering dep

26、artments have taken on a decidedly Asian character. This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their educations abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English. They are

27、 also influenced by the promise of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more objectively. And the return on the investment in education is more immediate in something like engineering than with an

28、arts degree. Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer. An effective measure of parental attention is homework. Asian parents spend more time with their ch

29、ildren than American parents do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian culture that breeds success, such ideals that stress family values and emphasize education. Both explanations for academic success worry Asian Americans because of fears that they feed a typical

30、racial (种族的) image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants (移民) were the victims of social isolation. Indeed, it was not until l952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship. 11. While making tremendous achievements at college, Asian-Amer

31、ican students _.A.feel they are mistreated because of limited knowledge of EnglishB.are afraid that their academic successes bear a strong Asian characterC.still worry about unfair treatment in societyD.generally feel it a shame to have to depend on their parents答案:C本题为细节辨析题。文章提到，亚洲学生多数选择数学和理科专业，因为他

32、们觉得在这些领域里的不公平待遇会少一些，自己的才能会被较为客观地评价。由此可见，“尽管在大学里做出了巨大的成就，亚裔美国学生仍然担心在社会中会受到不公平的待遇。12. What are the major factors that determine the success of Asian Americans?A.A solid foundation in basic mathematics and science.B.Hard work and intelligence.C.Parental help and a limited knowledge of English.D.Asian c

33、ulture and the American educational system.答案:D本题为细节辨析题。文章第二段将亚裔学生的成就首先归功于他们的父母的影响，一方面父母懂得如何最好地利用美国的教育制度，另一方面父母会花很多时间陪孩子并督促他们做作业。文章还说到，亚裔学生的成就也可能源于比较强调成功及教育的亚洲文化。因此，通过排除法可知，正确答案为 D，“亚洲文化及美国教育”。13. Few Asian-American students major in human sciences mainly because _.A.they don't like human scienc

34、esB.they are afraid they might meet with unfair judgment in these areasC.there is a wide difference between Asian and Western culturesD.they know little about American cultures and Western cultures答案:B本题为细节辨析题。文章提到，亚洲学生多数选择数学和理科专业，因为他们觉得在这些领域里自己可能受到的不公平待遇会少一些，那么反过来看，他们担心自己在人文学科会受到相对多一些的不公平待遇。14. Why

35、 do the two "explanations" (Para. 3, Line l)worry Asian Americans?A.They are afraid that they would again be isolated from American society in general.B.People would think that Asian students rely on their parents for success.C.Asian American would be a threat to other minorities.D.America

36、n academic achievements have taken on too strong an Asian character.答案:A本题为细节辨认题。该句含义为，亚裔学生担心，这样一来(即从文化差异、家庭教育等角度解释亚裔学生的成功)，就会树立起一种典型的种族形象，也许会促成新一轮的社会隔离。文章接下来举例说，人们也许还记得当年中国、日本、菲律宾移民成为种族隔离受害者的情景。由此可知，亚裔学生担心自己会被美国社会隔离。15. The author's tone in this passage is _.A.sympatheticB.doubtfulC.criticalD.o

37、bjective答案:D本题为主旨归纳题。作者从客观的角度描述了业裔学生在美国的成功现象，并探讨了该现象背后的原因以及可能引发的问题。因此，作者的语气是客观的、就事论事的。 You're alone, driving on a deserted stretch of highway. Suddenly you are enclosed by clouds of smoke and steam as the engine-temperature light flashes its red warning. You pull over to the slow lane and switch

38、 on the four-way emergency flashers. Then what? Should you keep on rolling or get off the road as fast as you can safely do so?Knowing what is happening and what to do in a car emergency can save time, money, worry-even your life.So learning how to check your car will help you handle some common car

39、 emergencies. The engine's bearings must constantly be lubricated (使润滑) by oil that circulates under pressure. When the oil pressure drops too low, the engine begins to self-destruct. The red oil-pressure warning light flashes on. Listen for any knocking, and sign of serious trouble. If the warn

40、ing light flashes only at highway speeds and goes out at low speeds or while the engine idles, chances are' the engine is just slightly low on oil. If the light goes on at idle, but goes out when you accelerate, drive slowly to the repair shop. It is a matter of minutes after oil pressure drops

41、that serious engine damage occurs. You could destroy the engine. The engine temperature warning light signals that the engine is running hotter than normal. Switching on your heater at the first sign of overheating may help delay a boilover-by drawing off some of the excess heat. Reducing speed may

42、also help. If the light goes out, proceed to the nearest service station for help. If too much coolant has been lost, the engine will boil over, surrounding the engine with steam. If this happens, pull completely off the road, stop and wait. Don't rush out and open the hood (发动机翼) in the steam.

43、Wait until the vapor goes away and the engine metal cools. But remember that this can take a few hours on a hot summer day. 16. From the situation described in the first paragraph, we know that _.A.drivers should learn how to repair their own carsB.driving alone on the highway can be very dangerousC

44、.one has to be very careful in handling a car emergencyD.this passage is intended for drivers facing an emergency答案:D本题为主旨归纳题。文章第一段描述了一种场景，然后点出主题：了解发生了什么并且知道如何处理汽车突发事件，将可以省时、省钱，甚至可以挽救生命。因此，了解如何检查你的车将会帮您处理一些常见的汽车突发事件。因此，本文主旨是教司机如何处理汽车突发事件。17. How do you know that the oil pressure is a bit low?A.The w

45、arning light flashes only when the car runs at fast speed.B.The warning light flashes only when the car is slowing down.C.The warning light flashes continuously.D.The warning light flashes when the engine idles.答案:A本题为细节辨析题。文中提到，当快速行驶时警示灯亮起，而当慢速行驶时警示灯熄灭，很可能意味着发动机只是有点缺润滑油。18. What will happen to the

46、engine when oil pressure drops?A.It will be damaged when the engine stops working.B.Very soon it will be severely damaged.C.Serious damage to it is not likely to occur within the first few minutes.D.Damage may occur to the engine when you drive the car at high speed.答案:B本题为细节辨析题。文中提到，当油压下降，距离发动机损坏就只

47、有几分钟的时间了。因此，“油压下降，很快发动机就会严重损坏”。19. When you find the engine is hotter than normal, you should _.A.drive to a service station to get a cool engineB.turn off your heater so as to cool down the engineC.switch on the heater as soon as possibleD.try to make the engine boil over _.答案:C本题为细节辨析题。文中提到，当发动机温度

48、警示灯亮起，表明发动机温度过高了，这时你应当尽快打开发热器，这样可以吸收一部分多余的热量。20. The last sentence in the last paragraph implies that _.A.it is difficult to cool the engineB.the driver can only open the hood on a hot summer dayC.the driver has to be very patientD.it takes a long time to open the hood in summer答案:C本题为细节推理题。文中提到，当蒸汽

49、冒出来时，千万不要马上打开车罩，要等到水蒸汽散尽了，发动机金属冷却下来了再说，但如果在夏天，这个过程通常要等上几小时。所以，言下之意，司机应当耐心等待。Part Vocabulary and StructureDirections: Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.问题:1. It was difficult to gue

50、ss what her _ to the news would be.A.opinionB.reactionC.commentD.impression答案:B本题测试词义辨析及搭配。opinion 意为“意见，看法”，后常跟介词 of, on, about; reaction 意为“反应”，后常跟介词 to; comment 意为“评论，意见”，后常跟介词 on， about; impression 意为“印象”，后常跟介词 on。本题大意为：很难猜测她对这新闻会是什么样的反应。问题:2. He is _ about his chances of winning a gold medal in

51、 the Olympics next year.A.optimisticB.optionalC.outstandingD.obvious答案:A本题测试词义辨析。optimistic 意为“乐观的，有信心的”；optional 意为“可选择的，随意的”；outstanding 意为“突出的，显著的”；obvious 意为“明显的，显而易见的”。本题大意为：他对明年在奥林匹克运动会上取得金牌有信心。问题:3. Violent programs on television may have a bad _ on children.A.effortB.controlC.influenceD.affe

52、ct答案:C本题测试词义辨析。effort 意为“努力”；control 意为“控制”；influence 意为“影响”； affect 是动词，意为“影响”。本题大意为：电视中的暴力节目可能会对孩子们产生不良影响。问题:4. The thieves _ with one another about how to divide the jewels.A.discussedB.debatedC.quarreledD.spoke答案:C本题测试动词词义辨析。discuss 意为“讨论”；debate 意为“辩论”；quarrel 意为“争吵”；speak 意为“说”。本题大意为：这些贼为了怎么分这

53、些宝石吵起架来。问题:5. I'm not really ill, but I have a _ headache.A.slightB.temporaryC.lightD.mild答案:A本题测试形容词词义辨析。slight 意为“轻微的”；temporary 意为“暂时的”；light 意为“轻的(指重量)”；mild 意为“温和的”。本句大意为：我没有真的生病，只是头有点疼。问题:6. I'm sure I can _ him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night.A.speakB.sayC.talkD.tell答案

54、:C本题为固定搭配题。talk somebody in to doing something 是固定词组，意为“说服某人做某事”。本句大意为：我肯定能说服他让我们在旅馆里过夜。问题:7. The girl was _ a shop assistant; she is now a manager in a large department store.A.preliminarilyB.presumablyC.formallyD.formerly答案:D本题测试词义辨析。preliminarily 意为“开端的，预备性的”；presumably 意为“可假定，可推测”；formally 意为“正式

55、地”；formerly 意为“原先，以前”，可与后面一句的 now 相呼应。本句大意为：这个女孩原先是一个售货员，现在是一个大百货商店的经理。问题:8. The jobs of wildlife technicians and biologists seemed _ to him, but one day he discovered their difference.A.verticalB.identicalC.specificD.parallel答案:B本题测试词义辨析。vertical 意为“垂直的”；identical 意为“一样的，同一的”；specific意为”具体的”；parall

56、el 意为“平行的”。本句大意为：野外生活的技师和生物学家的工作对他来说都一样，但有一天他发现了它们的差异。”问题:9. There is nothing serious _ I am concerned. I had jumped out of the window when the bomb exploded.A.as well asB.asC.as long asD.as far as答案:D本题测试固定搭配。as well as 意为“也”；as long as 意为“只要”；as far as somebody be concerned 意为“就某人而言”。本题大意为：就我而言，没什

57、么严重的。本句大意为：炸弹爆炸前我已经从窗户跳出去了。问题:10. I was advised to arrange for insurance _ I needed medical treatment.A.neverthelessB.althoughC.in caseD.so that答案:C本题测试连接词。nevertheless 意为“然而，不过”；although 意为“虽然，尽管”；incase意为“万一”；so that 意为“所以，以便”。本句大意为：有人建议我买保险，万一生病的时候用得着。问题:11. The speaker didn't mention much, s

58、o we asked him to be more _.A.particularB.specificC.specialD.significant答案:B本题测试形容词辨析。particular 意为“特殊的，特有的”；specific 意为“明确的，具体的”；special 意为“专门的，特别的”；significant 意为“显著的，有意义的”。本句大意为：讲话人并没有说很多，所以我们请他再说得明确具体些。问题:12. I caught a _ of the car before it disappeared very rapidly.A.sightB.glareC.glimpseD.glance答案:C本题测试固定搭配及词义辨析。catch a glimpse 是固定搭配