研究生英语阅读教程基础版第五单元单词

1、Lesson 5 Scanning：Rapidly Locating Informationppt制作：杨谊讲 解：谢亚The New Words1.empowerment （line1，paragraph1）n. investing with power,especially legal power or official authority 授权eg： 1.We have to look at our whole culture of electronic empowerment. 我们必须从电子授权的整个文化氛围来看待这件事。 2.The 21th century is the era

2、of the empowerment management.21世纪是授权管理的时代。Synonyms：（许可，授权）：（许可，授权） permission , leave , liberty , authorization , warrantyThe phrase： community empowerment 社区赋权 empowerment theory 赋权理论 ; 增权理论2.demise （line4，paragraph1）n. the end of existence or activity; termination 终结vt. 遗赠；禅让eg： 1.Unfortunately,

3、in our society, after age 25 or so, many folks begin to focus on any glitch in memory as evidence for its demise. 不幸的是,在我们的社会,在25岁左右或者更大些,许多人开始关注在记忆方面的任何故障作为其死亡的证据。 2.By 2011 debris in the center of the ring, which is about a light-year in diameter, was blazing more intensely as the supernova entere

4、d a new stage of stellar demise. 到2011年为止，因为这个超新星进入了星球消亡的新阶段，所以这环物质中心直径大约是一光年的碎片燃烧的更加强烈了。Synonyms：（：（死亡，终止；转让；传位） death , negotiation , end , dying , termination3.usher （line4，paragraph1）v. to precede and introduce;inaugurate 宣告，开创n. 引座员，带位员；接待员；门房eg： 1.The guests were bowed in by the usher. 引座员恭敬地引

5、宾客入内。 2.The companies said they would warn ministers against introducing emergency measures that could usher in a new form of online censorship. 这些公司称他们将警告部长们不要采取紧急措施，这可能引导出一种新形式的在线审查。Synonyms：（引导，招待；迎接；开辟） aim , serve , invite , attend , guestThe phrase： usher inbegin 开始 Usher Hall 音乐厅 usher usher

6、亚瑟小子4.digitize （line7，paragraph1）v. to put(date,for example) into digital form 将（数据等）数字化eg: 1.CPLD is used in the project to digitize the system and reduce the design cost of terminals.设计中使用了可编程器件CPLD,不仅实现了是遥测终端的数字化,而且有效的降低了系统设计成本。The phrase： Manually Digitize 手扶数字化 digitize rare 数字化罕见 Digitalizar D

7、igitize 使数字化5.microbe：（line14，paragraph1）n. a living creature that is so small that it cannot be seen without microscope and that may cause disease; bacterium 微生物，细菌eg： 1.This microbe infects the brain and can cause headache, confusion, motor weakness and fever. 这种微生物可以感染脑部，引起头痛，精神错乱，虚弱和发烧。 2.This i

8、s bad news for any microbe that happens to be inside a jar of jam. 这对恰巧滋生在一瓶果酱里的细菌来说可不是什么好消息。 Synonyms： bacterium , organismThe phrase： anaerobic microbe 厌氧菌 microbe insecticide 微生物杀虫剂 Microbe Chain 细胞微链 ; 微生物链 ; 微生物反应链6.sludge: （line14，paragraph1） n. thick mud 烂泥，淤泥eg： 1.A lot of sludge was scooped

9、 out of the base of the river. 从河底中挖出了许多淤泥。 2.Her unique solution is not to get rid of wastewater and fecal sludge, but to value them. 她独特的解决办法不是排除废水，清理粪便和污泥，而是把这些东西重视起来。Synonyms：deposit , precipitation , sedimentThe phrase： activated sludge 活性污泥（废水处理方法的一种） sludge treatment 污泥处理 sewage sludge n. 污水污

10、泥；下水污泥7.allay （line16，paragraph1）v. to cause sth. to be felt less strongly 减轻，缓解（恐惧）eg： 1.If they really do that, will this allay Chinas concerns？如果他们确实这样做了，这是否能减轻中国的关切呢？Synonyms： comfort , calm , moderate , composeThe phrase： to allay aches 镇痛 to allay pain止痛8.ethics （line1，paragraph2） n. the study

11、 of question about what is morally right and wrong 伦理学，道德学ethic n.伦理；道德规范 adj. 伦理的；道德的（等于ethical）eg: Network ethic problem is one of them.网络伦理问题就是其中之一。The phrase： professional management eyhics 专门管理伦理学9.viable （line3，paragraph2）adj. capable of success or countinuing effectiveness; praticable 可行的，可望成

12、功的eg: 1.Nevertheless, an equitable commitment can and should exist for every phase of the project if the project is to remain viable. 然而，如果项目能够保持可行，那么项目的每个阶段应该存在一个公平的承担义务。 2.Well, it depends what one understands by viable. 嗯，这取决于怎么理解“可行的”。 Synonyms： feasible , workingviability 生存能力，发育能力；可行性eg: .he s

13、haky financial viability of the nuclear industry. .核工业不可靠的财政可行性。10.genome （line5，paragraph2） n. (in biology and genetics) the particular number and combination of certain chromosomes necessary to form the single nucleus of a living cell.基因组eg: 1.They also converted one species of bacterium into anot

14、her through a “genome transplant”. 他们还通过“基因移植”，把一个物种的细菌转变为另一种。 2.The genome sequence of coding location contained 4 095 bp and 5 extrons.其编码区基因组DNA全长为4095bp，含5个外显子。The phrase： genome mutation 基因组突变 ; 染色体组突变 Genome shuffling 基因组重排 ; 基因组改组 ; 基因组重组11.decode （line6，paragraph2）v. to convert from code int

15、o plain text 译码 解码eg: 1.You could make up messages and encrypt them, and your friend could use the code to decode the message. 您可以编制各种消息并对它们进行加密，您的伙伴可以使用暗号来解码这些消息。 2.About 60,000 subscribers have special adapters to receive and decode the signals. 大约60000用户有专用适配器来接收和转换信号。 Synonyms：encode12.implant （

16、line10，paragraph2）v. to put or insert (a tissue) within the body 移植n. 医 植入物；植入管vi. 被移植egeg： 1.“We also want to have the implant do some intelligent processing that can help to enhance the contrast and the graininess of the image, ” he says. “我们也想拥有一种能够对图像进行智能化处理以提高对比度和颗粒度的植入装置”，他说道。 2.A good teacher

17、 should implant high ideals in children. 好教师应该把高尚理想灌输给孩子们。 3.To implant good habits in children 使孩子养成好习惯 4.To implant trees in the garden 在花园里种树The phrase：dental implant 牙移植 cochlear implant 人工耳蜗；耳蜗植入；耳郭灌输治疗13.stifle （line12，paragraph2）v. to stop something from happening or developing 压制、抑制n. （马等的）后

18、膝关节；（马等的）动 后膝关节病eg： 1.The technology industry, she said, was coming under the sway of a dominant behemoth, one that had the potential to stifle innovation and squash its competitors. 她说，高科技产业逐渐受到一个占优势的庞然大物，一头有可能抑制创新并压扁竞争对手的巨兽的支配。 2.If you try to stifle innovation too quickly, you lose the next wave.

19、 如果你这么快就扼杀了创新，你就会错失下一波机会。 3.She makes no attempt to stifle a yawn. 她并未试图忍住一个哈欠。 4.He was killed by stifling. 他因窒息而死。The phrase：Stifle sb 扼杀某人的情绪 stifle creativity 扼杀创造力14.tinker （line15，paragraph2）v. to make small changes to something in order to repair it or make it work better 修理eg： 1.If we begin

20、to tinker with that and dont know what we are doing, we are likely to mess up and cause side effects that might only become evident much later. 如果我们开始修补这个系统，却不知道在做什么，那就肯定会弄得一团糟，并且可能很久之后才会发现所引起的副作用。 2.As I always advise, now it is time to tinker. 正如我一直建议的，现在应该进行一些修补工作Synonyms：vi. 做焊锅匠；焊补；笨手笨脚地做事 weld

21、 up , burn onvt. 修补；粗修 piece up , patch upThe phrase： tinker with 胡乱地修补15.customize （line16，paragraph2） v. to make or alter to individual or personal specifications 定做eg： 1.You can, of course, customize the page as you like. 当然，您可以根据自己的喜好来定制页面。 2.You can then customize and deploy these artifacts in

22、the usual way. 然后，您可以以常规的方式定制和部署这些工件。The phrase： Customize Toolbars 自定义工具条 ; 自定义工具栏 ; 自界说东西条 ; 定制工具栏 customize transmitter 定制发报机 customize software 个别编写的软件16.abhorrent （line16，paragraph2） adj. disgusting and hateful,completely unacceptable (because something seems morally wrong) 令人厌恶的eg： 1.Bribe pay

23、ing is not only abhorrent but is counterproductive in the longer term. 不仅是可恶的，而且从长远看还会产生相反的结果。 2.I like to see a pattern and resolution, so it does pain me that what appears so lovely and natural to me would be regarded as abhorrent by most people. 我喜欢看到模式和方案，因此对我而言如此愉快而又自然的事对于大部分人而言却天理不容的事实让我很心痛。Sy

24、nonyms： sick , hateworthydifferentiate：hateful 指能引起憎恨；abhorrent 指因粗暴践踏人们的正义感、诚实感而可嫌、可憎、可恨；detestable 表示为人所轻蔑；abominable 则指令人十分讨厌，以致达到可咒的程度。17.overarching （line1，paragraph3） adj. including or influencing every part of something 首要的 v. 成拱形（overarch的ing形式）eg： 1.If there is one overarching principle of

25、endurance-building, this is it. 如果提高耐力有一个首要原则的话，那就是它。 2.And then, they tried to make an overarching theme, an overarching theme, to go to the heavens. 当时，他们试图创造一个重要的主题，一个重要的主题，就是前往天堂。Synonyms： principal , prietary （line4，paragraph3）adj. exclusively owned;private 私人的n. 所有权；所有人eg： 1

26、.This means that whatever you develop with these two libraries does not have to be open source, but can be proprietary. 这意味着，无论您使用这两个库开发什么软件，该软件不必是开放源码的，可以是专有的。 2.Obviously, in this example, we are dumping out the raw data, but you could use the same basic structure to decode and the data in any for

27、mat using any public or proprietary protocol structure. 显然，在这个例子中我们处理的是原始数据，但是您可以使用相同的基本结构进行解码，也可以使用任何公开或私有协议结构的格式的数据。3.some proprietary brands of dog food.一些专卖狗粮的品牌Synonyms：n. 法所有权；所有人 ownership , holderadj. 法所有的；专利的；私人拥有的 any , having , patentThe phrase：proprietary trading 自营 ; 坐盘 ; 自营交易 ; 坐盘交易 pr

28、oprietary product 专利产品 ; 专卖产品 ; 专利物料 ; 专卖物料proprietary interest 业组权益 ; 业主权益proprietary technology 专利技术proprietary trading 自营proprietary information n. 专有资料proprietary right 所有权proprietary intellectual property rights 自主知识产权proprietary （line4，paragraph3）19.replicate （line7，paragraph3）v. to duplicate,

29、copy,reproduce,or repeate 复制，复印adj. 复制的；折叠的 n. 复制品；八音阶间隔的反覆音eg： 1.Nothing has the capacity to replicate itself except DNA. 除DNA外，什么东西也没有自我复制的能力。 2.This makes everyone get a new copy of the data the next time they replicate. 这样迫使每个人在他们下一次复制时接收数据的新拷贝。Synonyms： vt. 复制；折叠 repeat , fold vi. 重复；折转 read ba

30、ck , hammer adj. 复制的；折叠的 scored , reproductive n. 复制品；八音阶间隔的反覆音 reproduction , ectypeThe phrase：replicate determination 平行测定 replicate server 复制服务器Replicate Casting 复制施法20.malicious （line8，paragraph3）adj. having the nature of resulting from malice; deliberately harmful; spiteful 恶意的eg： 1.You ought t

31、o kick back at such malicious slander. 你应当对这种恶意诽谤进行反击。 2.Of these three, theft is the most obvious because the act itself is malicious. 在这三种之中，盗窃是最明显的，因为其行为本身就是恶意的。Synonyms： vicious , poisonousThe phrase：Malicious prosecution 恶意起诉 ; 诬告 ; 恶意控告 ; 恶意诉讼malicious software 恶意软件 ; 恶意软体 ; 机遭到了歹意软件 ; 恶意程式21.

32、outlaw （line12，paragraph3）v. to declare illegal 宣布为非法n. 歹徒；罪犯；亡命之徒；被剥夺法律保护者eg： 1.The proper response to a stupid technology is to make a better one yourself, just as the proper response to a stupid idea is not to outlaw it but to replace it with a better idea.回应某些愚蠢技术的最好办法就是你自己做个更好的，正如回应某些愚蠢观点的最好办法不

33、是取缔它，而是用一个更好的观点来代替它。 2.Jesse was an outlaw, a bandit, a criminal.杰西曾是个逃犯、土匪、罪犯。 3.In some states gambling was outlawed.在一些州赌博被宣布为非法。The phrase： n. gangster , plug-ugly22.pornography （line12，paragraph3）n. magazines, films,etc. that show sexual acts and images in a way that is intended to make people

34、feel sexually excited 色情资料eg： 1.I hate pornography and everything it stands for. 我讨厌色情和它所代表的一切。 2.I have interviewed many students who have said that pornography is their only sex education. 我采访过许多学生，他们说色情制品是他们唯一的性教育管道。The phrase：n. 色情文学；色情描写 erotology , coprology23.repellant （line16，paragraph3）adj.

35、distasteful or very unpleasant 令人反感的n. 排斥力eg： 1.If insect repellant or makeup is also being worn, apply sunscreen first. 如果还需要涂抹驱虫霜或者需要化妆，请首先涂抹防晒霜。Synonyms： adj. 排斥的 repulsive , rejective n. 排斥力 repulsive force , repulsion forceThe phrase： moth repellant 防蛀剂 insect repellant 驱虫剂 ; 昆虫忌避剂24.surveillan

36、ce （line16，paragraph3）n.close observation of a person or group, especially one under suspicion 监视eg: 1.At last, we discuss an intelligent field Surveillance system based on video images.最后本文讨论了一个基于视频图像的智能野外监控系统。 2.The latter takes charge of video surveillance and controlling.客户端主要进行图像的监视、控制。Synonyms

37、： supervision , observation , monitoring , watch , oversightThe phrase： surveillance system 观测系统，监视系统 electronic surveillance 电子监视 immune surveillance 免疫监督25.malfunction （line6，paragraph4）n.a fault in the way a machine or computer operates 故障vi. 发生故障；不起作用eg: 1.This paper describes the method of malf

38、unction detect of LED-lattice Control system.根据需要提出了点阵控制系统的在线故障检测方法研究，并且给出了具体的硬件设计。 2.There must have been a computer malfunction. 肯定出了电脑故障。Synonyms： vi. get out of order , be out of order n. fault , trouble , complaint , nautics （line1，paragraph5）n.the science of designing and flying

39、 planes 航空学eg： 1.In China, the applying field of ERP has boomed from industry of mechanism to medicine, chemical, aeronautics and astronautics.在我国，ERP的应用领域已经从机械行业扩展到了航空航天、制药和化工等行业。 2.Aeronautics enables us to overcome great distances. 航空学使我们能征服远距离。Synonyms： aviation , airmanship27.tantalizing （line3

40、，paragraph5）adj.making one feel a strong desire to have something that one cannot have 逗引号；诱人的，引诱的，挑逗性的；使受可望而不可即的折磨的vt.tantalize的变形: 惹弄；逗弄人eg： 1.The health world is littered with tantalizing products and services. 健康世界被撩人的产品和服务搅得很杂乱。 2.A tantalizing aroma of roast beef fills the air.(逗引性的)烤牛肉诱人的香味弥漫

41、在空气中。28.extraterrestrial （line4，paragraph5）adj.originating,located,or occurring outside Earth or its atmosphere地球外的n.天外来客，另一行星来的生物，外星球的生物，外星人eg： 1.If were ever going to leave the nest, so to speak, were going to have to learn our way around extraterrestrial sex. 如果我们放弃这个绝好的男女情爱温床，可以这样说，以后我们将不得不向外星人学

42、习性爱。The phrase： extraterrestrial intelligence 地外智慧生物，外星人 extraterrestrial being (ET) 外星人29.nanotechnology （line12，paragraph5）n.the science of making or working with things that are so small that they can only be seen using a powerful microscope.纳米技术eg： 1.But critics point out that there are risks in

43、herent in nanotechnology.但是，有批评家指出纳米技术存在固有风险。 2.Not to worry: youre resurrected with cybernetics and nanotechnology so that you can go on a suicide mission to discover why colonies of humans are disappearing. 不用担心：你会在神经机械学和纳米技术下复活，让你能够执行一个自杀任务，去发现为什么人类殖民地不断消失。The phrase： nanotechnology sensor 传感器 En

44、vironmental Nanotechnology 环境纳米技术30.usher in：（line4，paragraph1）to be the start of something new 开始，开创eg： 1.In this spirit, some ardent pure food advocates predicted that the law would usher in the millennium. 在这个指导精神下，一些热心的纯净食品支持者预言该法律能开辟新的纪元。 2.If art and light usher in calm, then for one week each

45、 year, the Old City of Jerusalem fosters that aura. 如果艺术和灯光引进了平静的理念，那么每年一周，这座古老的城市耶路撒冷就形成了那种氛围。Synonyms：（领进，引领）（领进，引领） show into , bring in31.at ones fingertips:（line7，paragraph1）at hand,ready to use conveniently; thoroughly familiar with近在手边，随时可供应用；熟悉eg： 1.Computer technology puts all the informati

46、on in the world at ones fingertips. 电脑技术机使所有的信息垂手可得在世界上。The phrase： Have sth at ones fingertips 了如指掌 leave something at ones fingertips 了如指掌32.plug in:（line10，paragraph1）to connect a piece of electrical equipment to the main supply of electricity,or to another piece of electrical equipment 插上电源；接入eg

47、： 1.I had a TV set but there was no place to plug it in.那时我有一台电视机，但没有接通电源的插座。 2.Thousands of devices just plug in and work on its hardware. 很多设备只能插入和工作在微软的硬件上。 3.Her instructor plugged live bullets into the guns chamber.她的教官将实弹装入了枪膛。 4.They plug into a laptop, desktop, or handheld computer.它们可以连接在便携

48、式电脑、台式电脑或掌上电脑上。33.fool around with:（line8，paragraph2）to behave in a careless and irresponsible way 干蠢事；瞎摆弄fool around with=fool about witheg： 1.You cant fool around with the program as a distraction from the task youre supposed to be doing. 在这个程序中，你无法虚度光阴，从所应完成的任务中分心。 2.Im going to go home, relax, spend some time with my family, catch up with old friends, and fool around with my boyfriend. 我要回家放松一下，花时间和家人团聚，见见老朋友，然后去男友那儿混日子。The phrase： fool around 闲荡=fool about34.hack