河南农业大学高级英语20042005第二学期B卷

1、院系 班级 姓名 学号 密封线河南农业大学20042005学年第二学期高级英语期末试题（B卷）150分钟(Grade 2002, July 2005)题 号IIIIIIIVV总分分 数评卷人I. Reading Comprehension (30 points 1×2)In this section, there are 3 passages followed by 15 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose th

2、e one that you think is the correct answer. Passage AWhen companies do business overseas, they come in contact with people from different cultures.  These individuals often speak a different language and have their own particular custom and manners. These differences can create proble

3、ms.For example, in France, business meetings begin promptly at the designated time and everyone is expected to be there.  Foreign business people who are tardy are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness. Unless one is aware

4、of such expected behaviors he may end up insulting the people with whom he hopes to establish trade relations. A second traditional problem is that of monetary conversions.   For example, if a transaction is conducted with Russia, payment may be made in rubles. Of course, this cu

5、rrency is of little value to the American firm. It is, therefore, necessary to convert the foreign currency to American dollars. How much are these Russian rubles worth in terms of dollars? This conversion rate is determined by every market, where the currencies of countries are bough

6、t and sold. Thus there is an established rate, although it will often fluctuate from day to day.  For example, the ruble may be worth '0.75 on Monday and '0.72 on Tuesday because of an announced wheat shortage in Russia. In addition, there is the dilemma associated with c

7、onverting at '0.72. Some financial institutions may be unwilling to pay this price, feeling that the ruble will sink much lower over the next week. As a result, conversion may finally come at '0.69. These "losses" must be accepted by the company as one of the costs o

8、f doing business overseas.A third unique problem is trade barriers. For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their borders.  Some trade barriers are directly related to exports.  For example, the United States permits strategic

9、 military material to be shipped abroad only after government permission has been obtained. Most trade barriers, however, are designed to restrict import. Two of the most common import barriers are quotas and tariffs.1. The best title for the passage would be _. A. How to Succeed in Intern

10、ational Trade B. Monetary ConversionC. Trade Barriers D. Unique Problems in International Trade 2. In France, tardy business people _. A. are often insulted B. often suffer from coldnessC. are often left outdoors waiting D. are often asked to polish their shoes 3. According to the passage, conversio

11、n rates _. A. are always changing B. are determined by financial institutionsC. are agreed upon by two trading countries D. vary from day to day 4. The intended audience of this passage are _. A. professors of economics B. postgraduate students of international tradeC. beginners of business D. busin

12、ess people 5. Which of the following is likely to be discussed in the next paragraph? A. Export trade barriers B. Quotas and tariffs.C. Reasons for imposing trading barriers. D. Measures to break down trade barriers. Passage BCenturies ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to pr

13、eserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and "apricot leather". All food

14、s including water-cabbage and other leaf vegetables contains as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish, anything from 80% to 60%, depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked

15、. Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean countries, and also in California, South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general, the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun. In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apri

16、cots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulfur before drying. Plums, for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so as to increase the rate

17、 of drying. Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110C at entry to about 43C at exit.    This is the usual method for drying such things as ve

18、getables, minced meat, and fish. Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated steel cylinder by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes.  In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin

19、 film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes. In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed. Dri

20、ed foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they are invaluable to the climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space. They are also popular with

21、 housewives because it takes so little time to cook them. Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.6. The open-air method of drying food _. A. is the one most commonly used today B. was invented by the American IndiansC. has been known for hundreds of yea

22、rs D. tends to be unhygienic 7. Bacteria which cause food to go bad _ . A. cannot live in sunlight B. are killed by dryingC. are in no way dependent on the water content D. have their activity greatly reduced by drying 8. Nowadays vegetables are most commonly dried _. A. on horizontal cylinders B. i

23、n hot-air chambersC. in the sun and wind D. using the open tray method. 9. Dried foods _ . A. are often packed in cans or frozen B. are used by soldiers and climbersC. need more storage space than soldiers usually have availableD. are much cheaper than canned or frozen products 10. Housewives like d

24、ried foods because they _. A. are quick to prepare B. taste betterC. can be preserved by boiling in water D. look fresh and appetizing when cooked Passage C Once upon a time, innovation at Procter & Gamble flowed one way: from the United States outward. While the large Cincinnati based corporati

25、on was no stranger to foreign markets, it usually sold them products that were already familiar to most Americans. Many Japanese families, for instance, swaddle their babies in Pampers diapers, and lots of Venezuelans brush their teeth with Crest. And of course (company executives assumed) Americans

26、 at home wanted these same familiar, red white and blue brands. We might buy foreign made cars, or chocolates, or cameras-but household cleaners and detergents?Recently, however, P&G broke with this long standing tradition. Ariel, a P&G laundry detergent, was born overseas, and is a familiar

27、 sight on store shelves in Europe and Latin America. Now bilingual packages of Ariel Ultra, a super concentrated cleaner, are appearing on supermarket shelves in Los Angeles.Ariel's appearance in the United States reflects demographic changes making Hispanics the nation's fastest growing eth

28、nic group. Ariel is a hit with this population. In fact, many Mexican immigrants living in Southern California have been “importing” Ariel from Tijuana, Mexico. “Hispanics knew this product and wanted it,” says P&G spokeswoman Marie Salvado. “We realized that we couldn't convince them to buy

29、ourother laundry detergents.” P&G hopes that non Hispanic consumers will give Ariel a try too. Ariel's already strong presence in Europe may provide a springboard for the company to expand into other markets as well. Recently P&G bought Rakona, Czechoslovakia's top detergent maker. A

30、riel, currently a top seller in Germany, is likely to be one of the first new brands to appear in Czech supermarkets. And Ariel is not the only foreign idea that the company hopes to transplant back to its home territory. Cinch, an all purpose spray cleaner similar to popular European products, is c

31、urrently being test marketed in California and Arizona. Traditionally Americans have used separate cleaners for different types of surfaces, but market research shows that American preferences are becoming more like those in other countries.Insiders note that this new reverse flow of innovation refl

32、ects more sweeping changes at Procter & Gamble. The firm has hired many new Japanese, German, and Mexican managers who view P&G's business not as a one way flow of American ideas, but a two way exchange with other markets. Says Bonita Austin of the investment firm Wertheim Schroeder, “Wh

33、en you met with P&G's top managers years ago, you wouldn't have seen a single foreign face.” Today, “they could even be in the majority.”As Procter & Gamble has found, the United States is no longer an isolated market. Americans are more open than ever before to buying foreign made p

34、roducts and to selling U.S. made products overseas.11. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. The brands of Pampers, Crest, Ariel, and Cinch reflect the one way flow tradition of Procter & Gamble.B. In spite of market changes, Procter & Gamble still sticks to its long st

35、anding tradition of one way flow innovation.C. Procter & Gamble has to change its one way flow tradition because of the increased number of its foreign managers.D. Today one may meet more foreign faces in Procter & Gamble than years ago.12. According to the passage, all of the following are

36、true about Ariel except_A. it is the best seller in CzechoslovakiaB. it is a laundry detergent product of Procter & GambleC. Ariel was born outside the United StatesD. it already enjoys popularity in Europe13. The “insider” (line 1, paragraph 5) is most probably_ A. someone who buys both Ariel a

37、nd CinchB. someone who works within Procter & Gamble or knows it fairly wellC. someone who is a loyal customer of ArielD. someone who once worked within Rakona14. According to the passage, Procter & Gamble hopes to transplant foreign idea back to its home territory because _A. Americans are

38、more likely to buy foreign made products than beforeB. for most Americans foreign products are much more attractive than home made onesC. the company has found that foreign made products are superior to home made ones in terms of qualityD. the company has hired more foreigners in its top management

39、than before15. The author may most probably agree that _A. it is a trend that businesses today go globalB. businesses today are very reluctant to go globalC. American businesses can make more money if they only sell home made products D. the market of the United States should not be that open II. Vo

40、cabulary (10 points 1×0.5) Direction: In this part, there are 20 sentences. Beneath each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark the answers on the ANSWER SHEET1. A thick fog had_ the trees into ghosts and the streetlights int

41、o soft, haloed moons. A. transformed B. transcend C. transport D. transplant2. Only the hope that the rescuers were getting nearer_ the trapped miners. A. suspended B. sustained C. endure D. survived3.It is _ to be close to the edge of the cliff. A. privilege B. perilous C. previous D. prevailing 4.

42、 She has a house _ every modern convenience. A. replete with B. complete with C. compete with D. replete in5. There will be limitation on the freedom of the _ when their income is reduced through taxes. A. fluent B. afflict C. affluent D. influence6. John is a(n) _ outlaw, every lawman in Southern F

43、lorida is acquainted with his treachery and cunning. A. famous B. anonymous C. unknown D. infamous7. _ the weather and my bad leg, I havent been out for weeks. A. With what B. What with C. What of D. What for 8. We have been _ with this powerful force, unaware of the disastrous consequences of our a

44、ctions. A. tampering B. tempering C. attempted D. tramping 9. In case of conflict he chose what helped people rather than what _ to principle. A. confirmed B. conformed C. confined D. confronted10. The distinctive human triumph lies in the capacity to understand the _ of human striving but to strive

45、 nonetheless. A. fragile B. fraction C. frailty D. fragment11. Let both sides seek to _ the wonders of science instead of its terrors. A. inspire B. involve C. invert D. invoke12. Can we _ against these enemies a grand and global alliance that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? A. forg

46、e B. force C. foretell D. forfeit13. Her big house set on what had once been our most _ street. A. choose B. pick C. select D. selected 14. The village looked more beautiful, for it was _ with snowcapped mountains. A. supported B. backed C. sustained D. baked15. The moon _ out from behind the clouds

47、. A. peeped B. peak C. peeled D. peeked16. Since literature always _ national character, there must be in the English nature hidden springs of fire to produce the fire we see. A. rests in B. rests upon C. rests against D. rests with17. The managing director's calm words _ the clerks' fears o

48、f being cut down. A. discharged B. distracted C. dispelled D. displayed 18. The nations must understand one another, without the _ of their governments, for the shrinkage of the globe is throwing them into one anothers arms. A. interposition B. interplay C. interdependence D. interaction19. Time-and

49、 labor-saving technologies cant be _ with the integrity of the environment. A. compared B. competed C. compatible D. compelled 20. His interference can only _ things up or make things worse. A. louse B. rouse C. infuse D. confuseIII. Explain the following sentences in your own words ( 20 points 1x2)

50、1. I was wondering what, if any, common ground might be occupied by novelists and journalists when my eye fell upon the following brief text in a British national daily. （Lesson 12 Book 5 How News Becomes Opinion and Opinion Off-limits ）2. It causes a great many people to avoid thought of the arms r

51、ace and the consequent rush toward a highly probable extinction. ( Lesson 1 How to Get the Poor off Our Conscience)3. King Richard in his gluttony never sat at a table more sumptuous than ours was three times a day. (Lesson 2 The Woods Tossing with Jewels）4. In the technosphere, debts are repaid fro

52、m within and, at least in theory , are alwayscapable of being paid off, or , in some cases, cancelled. (Lesson 3 At War with the Planet)5. How all my own territory would be altered, as if a landslide had gone through it and skimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike. ( Lesson 4 Nettles)6.As an ideo

53、logist, however, Jefferson is today remote-a figure not of present concern but of historical curiosity. ( Lesson5 The One against Many ) 7.remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. (Lesson 7 Inaugural Address) 8.But there are still o

54、thers, older people, who said that even grief could not cause a real lady to forget noblesse oblige-without calling it noblesse oblige. (lesson 8 A Rose for Emily ) 9. But these girls soak up the juice of their home towns, and it never leaves them. (Lesson 9 The Bluest Eye ) 10. Such a combination i

55、s fruitful, and any one who possesses it has gone a long way toward being brave. (Lesson 10 Notes on the English Character ) IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese ( 20 points 1x2)1.The ultimate goal of both factual and fictional writing is the truth, however paradoxical that may sound. And truth is slippery, hard to establish.（Lesson 12 Book 5 How News Becomes Opinion and Opinion Off-limits）2.Compassion, along with the associated public effort, is the least comfortable ,