EST Unit 6 The Scope of Geology

1、CompanyCompany LOGOLOGOUnit Six Earth ScienceOmission 减词法Omissionl省略冠词l省略代词l省略介词l省略连词l省略谓语动词省略冠词省略冠词l英语中的冠词，英语中的冠词，a, an, the 等常常省略等常常省略Ex: The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of a generator or dynamo(发电机). 利用发电机可将机械能转变回电能。注：当 a 表示“一”，the 表示“这个”或“那个”时，则应翻译出。Ex:

2、The vertical element has a fixed part called the vertical stabilizer and a movable part called the rudder. 垂直面上有一个固定的部件，称为垂直安定面，还有一个可移动的部件，称为方向舵。（句中的a 最好译出）省略代词省略代词句中曾出现的某一名词的人称代词或指示代词Ex: 1. The finished products must be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory.成品在出厂前必须抽样进行质量检查。2

3、. The waste gases are harmful to us and we should by all means remove them. 废气对我们是有害的，我们应尽力加以排除。 there be 句型中的省译现象句型中的省译现象l省译there be本身的含义，即不把“有”翻译出来lThere is every indication that algae, along with bacteria and certain fungi, are extremely ancient organisms. 一切迹象表明藻类、细菌及真菌都是非常古老的有机体。lAs a moderate

4、there is a choice between normal water, heavy water and graphite（石墨）. 可以选择普通的水、重水和石墨作为减速剂。QuizlHardening(淬火) is a process of heating and cooling steel to increase its hardness and tensile strength, to reduce its ductility, and to obtain a fine grain structure(细晶粒组织). The procedure includes heating t

5、he metal above its critical point or temperature, followed by rapid cooling.lWhen steel reaches this temperaturesomewhere between 1,400 and 1,600 Fthe change is ideal to make for a hard, strong material if it is cooled quickly. If the metal cools slowly, it changes back to its original state. The Sc

6、ope of Geology火山熔岩地壳矿物学岩石学冰河珊瑚礁物理地质学地质史学地球机制volcanolavacrustmineralogypetrologyglaciercoral reefphysical geologyhistorical geologymachinery of the earth句子翻译句子翻译l1. The point is not that we now pretend to understand everything, but that we have faith in the orderliness of natural processes. As a resu

7、lt of two or three centuries of scientific investigation we have come to believe that Nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of appropriate observations and experiment, she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure. 句子翻译句子翻译l2. The key words of

8、 the three main branches are the materials of the earths rocky framework (mineralogy and petrology); the geological processes or machinery of the earth, by means of which changes of all kinds are brought about (physical geology); and finally, the succession of these changes, or the history of the ea

9、rth (historical geology). 句子翻译句子翻译l1. 问题不在于我们需要装得什么都懂，而是我们相信自然过程是有规律可循的。经过二三个世纪的科学研究，我们渐渐发现，只要用合适方法对其进行观察和实验，大自然是可以被了解的。它会真心实意地答复我们，并以不断的发现来报答我们。l2. 这三门最主要的学科包括：研究地球的岩质结构物，即矿物学和岩石学；研究各种变化据以发生的地质过程或地球机制，即物理地质学；以及研究这些变化的持续过程，或者说研究地球的历史，即地质史学。句子翻译句子翻译lAlthough geology has its own laboratory methods for

10、 studying minerals, rocks and fossils, it is essentially an open-air science. It attracts it followers to mountains and waterfalls, glaciers and volcanoes, beaches and coral reefs in search for information about the earth and her often puzzling behavior. l虽然地质学在研究矿物、岩石和化石的时候，有它独特的实验室方法，但它本质上是一门在野外进行

11、研究的科学。它吸引着从事这方面工作的人攀大山、临瀑布、履冰川、登火山、循海滩、涉环礁，以探索有关地球和它那些变幻莫测的现象。 倍数增减的译法倍数增减的译法lincrease by n times “增加了n-1倍”或 “增加到n倍”lincrease n times “增加了n-1倍”或 “增加到n倍” lincrease by a factor of n “增加了n-1倍”或 “增加到n倍”lincrease to n times “增加了n-1倍”或 “增加到n倍”lEx: Now the total installed capacity has increased by three ti

12、mes as compared with that of 2000. 现在总装机容量比2000年增加了两倍. The input stage amplifies the input signal by a factor of 50. 在输入阶段, 输入的信号被放大到50倍.With the result of automation productivity has increased 6 times in that factory. 自动化使那个工厂的生产率增加了5倍.倍数比较的译法倍数比较的译法lA is n times larger than BlA is n times as large

13、 as B lA is larger than B by n timeslA is n times B “A是B的n倍”或 “A比B大n-1倍”lEx:The proton has a weight about 1837 times as heavy as the electron. 质子的总量约为电子的1837倍.Sound travels nearly three times faster in copper than in lead.声音在铜中的传播速度几乎是在铅中的三倍.补充：形式主语补充：形式主语“it”的译法的译法l顺译法：按照原句的语序，将句子译为汉语的无主句Ex: With t

14、he more complex shapes, it is necessary to go through a series of stages before the final shape can be produced from the raw material. 对于较复杂的形状，必须经过几个步骤才能把原料加工成最后的形状。补充：形式主语补充：形式主语“it”的译法的译法l倒译法：将句尾真正的主语先译，做译文的主语Ex: Its important to learn when the environment is not good for plants and animals, it i

15、s not good for man. 懂得当环境不利于动植物时也懂得当环境不利于动植物时也 不利于人类这一点不利于人类这一点是很重要的。 增译法：在译文中增加泛指代词做主语，如“人们”、“有人”、“我们”等Ex: It is necessary to elaborate on the definition of fatigue coefficient. 我们我们有必要对疲劳系数的定义作详细的解释。补充：形式主语补充：形式主语“it”的译法的译法约定俗成表达法1.1.It goes without saying that agriculture engineering involves bot

16、h the natural sciences and the biological sciences. 不言而喻不言而喻，农业工程包括自然科学与生物学。2. It is at once apparent that the current flows through T1 and T2 on a half and half basis in this circuit configuration（构造）. 一目了然一目了然，在这种电路中，电流平均地流过T1和T2.3. It follows that radar is an electronic system for locating aircraft or cloud patterns. 由此可见，由此可见，雷达是用来测定飞机位置或云形位置的电子系统。学期论文要求学期论文要求l备选题目：备选题目：l1. 科技英语翻译的理解与表达l2. 科技英语翻译中直译和意译的特点和选择l3. 科技翻译中的事理性和逻辑性l4. 论科技翻译中语序的处理l5. 科技英语中长句的译法l6. 科技英语中否定句的译法l7. 科技翻译中倍数