Comparison of Political System in the United Kingd

1、Comparison of Political System in the United Kingdom and the United StatesAbstract :The UK is a unitary democracy and is typical of a constitutional monarchy.The main feature is the "parliamentary supremacy", the cabinet is the core of sovereign power, phantom, well-organized political par

2、ties.The creation of the first set of Western capitalist political systems is known as the source and model of Western political system.The USA is a federal state,and its form of government is presidential system. The separation of the three powers ,political system of checks and balances

3、and the bipartisan political system which are on the basis of Absoring,drawing lessons from British ,then forming perfect political system。This article is from the core part of political system -constitution, political party, election three respects to compare ,Thus study from the western political

4、system and accelerate the construction of modern political civilization China.Key Words:Political system of Britain America political system Comparison Introduction USA is a federal state, and form of government is presidential system.The implementation of the separation of the three powers of polit

5、ical system and political party system of bipartisanship in combination with checks and balances.The UK is a unitary state.Organizational form of political power is the cabinet system,The political system and political party system practiced in constitutional monarchy and the bipartisan. 1、A compari

6、son of British and American Constitution The basic principle of the western countries constitution is the western bourgeois thinkers,who make a summary On the country, the government and the public and other theory .It mainly includes: "the sovereignty of the people","The private prop

7、erty is sacred and inviolable", "rule of law", "separation of powers and checks and balances","The protection of the fundamental rights of citizens" five principles and so on.These principles in Britain and the United States Constitution has been reflected in .But

8、because both the historical background and the different national conditions, the constitution are different. Britain is a typical country with the unwritten constitution，without unified and complete written form .Its constitutional system extremely complicated,which is composed of written laws or u

9、nwritten, jurisprudence and Constitutional Convention. Such as the 1215 " the Great Charter” 1628  "the Petition of Rights” and 1689 "the Bill of Rights" and so on The British constitution lacks rigorous explicit content, but also lacks end-to-end integrated system. Ame

10、rican constitution is the first written constitution in the world.In the process of development, America constitution formed four main principles:separation of powers and checks and balances, the federal system, power limited government and judicial review.American constitution carried out three rig

11、ht separation completely, the provisions of the legislative, judicial and administrative separation.USA Congress, federal courts and presidential are on their own duties,As well as between the federal government, state and local governments are also very clear division of labor.First,congress is a l

12、egislative institution .Unless the federal court declared that the law disobey Constitution,Otherwise, Congress passed the law can limit anyone .Second ,Congress has Financial power, and the implementation of the right to impeach declare war, government officials and the president.The federal court

13、is separation of the three powers and checks and balances in an important weight in USA .In addition to administrative function and legislative function,The most important is the supervision function and the judicial function.The judge enjoys constitutional status, was appointed to uphold the consti

14、tution guards;The Supreme Court is the law enforcement agencies, judges in the interpretation of the Constitution and has the right of final speech in the law.First ,the biggest difference between the British constitution and USA constitution is characteristics of the British constitution is flexibl

15、e constitution, it can be change or modify parliament,while American constitutional rule is rigid.Second, the British constitution is conserved,Past dynasties system follows the previous generation system and reform.but American constitution relatively open.Third, the British constitution has c

16、ontinuity.This continuity depends on England national life.Finally, the British constitution theory and practice are often inconsistent.Because the British politics develop from dictatorship gradually to the constitutional politics.Following table compares the Britain and American Constitution from

17、six aspects, intuitive and clear.ProjectThe British (cabinet)American (separation of the three powers)Selectthe house of commons majority party leaders hold the post of the prime minister , prime minister is responsible to the parliament.The president is indirect voteed by the votersT

18、he relationship with the Congress Has the right to dissolve parliament, Congress may also recall the cabinet, mutual restraint No right to dissolute parliament,Congress had no power to remove the president from office,The relationship is parallelexecutive authorityThe executive authority is in

19、the hands of the prime minister ，The king does not have real administrative responsibility The executive power in the president's hand,who is the head of country and has the right of executive authorityThe appoint of principal the prime minister occupy ，Each departments  mini

20、ster is elected by the prime minister in the party members As secretary of state, and foreign minister ，And the other heads of departments are elected by the president term of officeNo special restrictions ，it all depends on whether prime minister  can obtain the majority of seats in the house

21、of commonsFor a term of four years ， reelected to serve a second term ，discharged for the full term, succeedOnly prime minister ，When the prime minister vacancy ，the house of commonss many parties elect leaders to succeed President and vice president each one ，when president vacancy ，vice president

22、succeed Comparison of British and American political party system The party has a special position in western countries in political system.It has a close relationship with the election, Parliament, cabinet system,So western political also called party politics.As the center of social and political

23、life of the party, is connected with various factors in the political system.and deep participate in all fields and aspects of social and political life.The party also plays an vital role in the British and American political life.Two developed capitalist countries political system.Not only reflect

24、some universal values of development from the human politics civilization to industrialization,and the era of information ,but also reflects the history and the current situation of the two countries on the basis of their originality and creativity.on one hand ,they can provide a reference for the c

25、onstruction of political system of other countries in the world,on the other hand ,Providing security for their own political civilization development and the development of economy and technology.In the process of industrialization, informatization,And China is committed to the political system, po

26、litical civilization construction and innovation,The British and American political system and political civilization Also has a very important reference value and enlightening.Britain is the birthplace of modern party politics,and is typical of the national with the two party system. British politi

27、cs are dominated more than 100 years by two important party,The first is the Tory and whig ,Then the Conservative Party and the liberal party ,Later the Conservative Party and the labour party.The British political system has the following characteristics:  combined with the parliamentary cabin

28、et system, the ruling party and the opposition party in the form of clear boundaries.Britain is a parliamentary cabinet system, and has the house of commons and the house of Lords.Members of the house of Lords do not come from election ,but from  nobility hereditary or appointed by king .which

29、has nothing to do with political parties.Members of the house of Commons is from election.The two major political parties compete for the house of Commons seats. Obtaining more seats to form a cabinet,which political partys leader to be the prime minister,and master the power of government.Cabi

30、net of the party is the ruling party,The ruling party master the cabinet power, and master the power of the house of commons.The election did not receive a majority of the party is the opposition party or opposition.Opposition parties are responsible for supervising the government, and can be compos

31、ed of Ministers "shadow cabinet ".The ruling party and the opposition in the form of clear boundaries.The British law rules that the house of Commons elected every 5 years.But the fact of re-election is not periodic .Because the parliament has the right to decide to extend the mandate,At t

32、he same time, the prime minister will also be ready to petition the king to dissolve the parliament, and put forward election.The two major political parties adopt centralism. Mainly performance in these ways:Whether the central or local, each party has a complete. Organization;has strict organizati

33、onal discipline;Especially the party has strict rules on parliamentary vote. In the parliament, the political parties are required to its members as a group and need to according to the leader's intentions to vote in a important vote.Otherwise,the members will be severely punished. America is al

34、so a typical country of implement the two party system, America party system has the following characteristics: associated with the Democratic Republic , the main activity of the America party is the presidential campaign. America is a presidential country.Victory party becomes the ruling party, the

35、 loser for the opposition in the Election .Although American Congress staff are also elected to take office , the ruling status of the two major political parties regardless of how many parliament seats in parliament.In American, as long as a political party win in the presidential election ,even th

36、ough it failed in the congressional elections, it will not affect its ruling position.The party organization is loose, does not have tight organization and discipline.The two party system is stable.American bipartisan system is born for Federal Party and Antifederal Party opposite to each other ,Lat

37、er forming the Republican party and the Democratic party competition.The three party movement often appear In America history , but without success.The two major political parties take turns ruling pattern has been relatively stable. Through comparison of British and American political party system

38、we can see despite the two countries carry ou bipartisan system, but they are very different from each other . political party system belongs to different regimes .Britain is a constitutional monarchy, the king of England is a hereditary head of state.From the constitutional perspective, King grasps

39、 country authority by herself.In fact, all the activities of the king must obey the arrangement of cabinet.American is a Democratic Republic country, and implements the presidential system.The president is head of state, and grasps the state power.The way of organizational structure and activities a

40、re different .Britain's two big political parties take centralism.The party has unified political ideas, organization and social foundation.The party has strict discipline on the parliament vote.The USA two party organization is loose, does not have tight organization system, and without strict

41、discipline. even no fixed the grass-roots party members.The two major political parties have no clear political program, only have the election platform.American campaign is "like  the competition between the Donkey and the elephantComparison of British and American election system. -Unive

42、rsal suffrage in Britain and America The British and American election system entrusted to universal suffrage to achieve the power ,Implementing universal suffrage is a common feature of the two national political system.But because of British and American's political , economic conditions and h

43、istorical traditions are different ,the two countries implement the universal suffrage with distinction. Universal suffrage in Britain is actually the system that citizen elect the house of commons members.The representative organ of the king and the house of Lords are not elected.According to the c

44、onventions of constitution, the cabinet government composes of the majority party in Parliament .It just takes this election measure , voters vote for the house of commons,then the majority party to form a government.Making the representative government in Britain has became a typical cabinet respon

45、sibility government.It is produced in the parliament, and the parliament has direct political responsibility,and has  indirect political responsibility for the voters.The former represents parliamentary defections right.The latter is the prime minister has the right to request the king to disso

46、lve the parliament, then hosts the new election;If the election fails, then the opposition party came to power.or success then continue in office.With the principle of two parties take turns to rule .They can directly influence the citizen's general election.This ensures that the stability of th

47、e British representative government. The scope of the implementation of the system America universal suffrage, and is obviously different from the UK,Not only the members of congress Both houses,but also as the head of state and government of the president and vice president, are directly generated

48、by the citizens election .American president and the leadership of the administrative organs, the Congress does not exist any relationship. Only at election times they are accountable to the voters.Usually they are only responsible to the federal constitution.Therefore, among them, only have the mut

49、ual relationship of "constitutional checks and balances". Compared with USA, Britain's electoral system has the following characteristics:1, the less election expenses .The British election expenses, including the party's headquarters and the constituency campaign expenses,Compared

50、 with the USA the kind of "rich man's game" inferior to many.2, the campaign is simple.In general, the British electoral system and elections,compared with America relatively simple.In the elections, there is no legal obstacles like USA,do not have to past by culture test, do not have

51、to pay the poll tax, nor the duration of residence.In addition, no against the election of social and racial pressure,Electoral districts more fair and reasonable than USA .In the general election, USA TV play more important and effect role in the presidential election effect than Britain.so governm

52、ent has strict rules. 3, voters increased changed .Since the war, British voters showed increasing trend to swing in the election that result in election increased instability.4, political extremists no market among voters.British voters have a strong tendency to "conservative",Progressive improvement is the pref