BEC Vantage Module 1.1 Ways of working

1、L/O/G/OModule 1.1 Ways of workingContentsA mini-presentation Working from homeDifferent ways of working Brainstorming What do you think the future of work would be like?The future of work:Different ways of working Ex 2 Matching F H A G C I D E Useful Terms Freelance (自由职业自由职业) Working independently

2、and on temporary contracts rather than for a long-term employer. What professions are suitable for freelancing?Useful Terms Teleworking (远程办公远程办公/居家办公居家办公) A catch-all term describing any way of working at a distance using a combination of computers and telecommunications. It is often associated wit

3、h home-based working, but includes mobile working, etc Work from Home vs. Work at HomeUseful Terms Telecommuting (远程办公远程办公/居家办班居家办班) This term is used interchangeably with teleworking, and is the more common term in the US. The conceptual emphasis is on replacing the commute journey through electron

4、ic access to the workplace. telecommuter/home-based workerTeleworking statisticsGetting started with teleworkingCase Study请员工回家办公请员工回家办公惠普年省二亿美元惠普年省二亿美元 在在IBM中国，梁的经历通过中国，梁的经历通过IBM一个叫一个叫“灵活办公灵活办公”的计划所广泛分享。自从灵的计划所广泛分享。自从灵活办公计划在活办公计划在2001年被第一次推广到中国年被第一次推广到中国以来，以来，IBM在中国的在中国的9000多名员工中有多名员工中有2/3都通过加入这个计划

5、，从而使自己的工作都通过加入这个计划，从而使自己的工作初步打破了时间和空间的限制。初步打破了时间和空间的限制。IBM希望为希望为员工创造一个更加舒心，并且适合各自工员工创造一个更加舒心，并且适合各自工作性质的环境，从而增加员工的生产效率，作性质的环境，从而增加员工的生产效率，提高他们对企业的忠诚。提高他们对企业的忠诚。Case Study 从上个世纪从上个世纪90年代以来，在家工作在各个主要的年代以来，在家工作在各个主要的工业化国家已经成为一种比较普遍的现象。而在中工业化国家已经成为一种比较普遍的现象。而在中国，有越来越多的证据表明，一种类似的革命也正国，有越来越多的证据表明，一种类似的革命也

6、正在进行。北京零点调查公司在在进行。北京零点调查公司在2004年公布的一项年公布的一项调查报告指出，北京在家工作的人数已经突破调查报告指出，北京在家工作的人数已经突破18.8万人。而一些其他的数据则称北京在家工作的人数万人。而一些其他的数据则称北京在家工作的人数已经超过已经超过100万，上海则超过万，上海则超过70万。万。 其实，大多数中国人第一次接触在家工作是在其实，大多数中国人第一次接触在家工作是在2003年当非典病毒袭击北京的时候。随后各种无年当非典病毒袭击北京的时候。随后各种无线技术和网络电话技术的大规模应用又使得远程办线技术和网络电话技术的大规模应用又使得远程办公越来越成为一种传统的

7、工作方式的替代品。公越来越成为一种传统的工作方式的替代品。Case Study 事实上，作为一种直接减少成本的方法，事实上，作为一种直接减少成本的方法，很多公司已经开始鼓励员工在家办公。很多公司已经开始鼓励员工在家办公。 中国惠普计划今年在中国减少中国惠普计划今年在中国减少9个办公室，个办公室，所有这些办公室的员工都会被要求在家办所有这些办公室的员工都会被要求在家办公。由于在全球范围内都采取了和中国类公。由于在全球范围内都采取了和中国类似的措施，似的措施，2006年惠普成功地减少了年惠普成功地减少了2亿美亿美元的营运成本，相当于公司年收入的元的营运成本，相当于公司年收入的0.2%。惠普的目标是

8、到惠普的目标是到2008年，每年在全球再减年，每年在全球再减少少2亿美元的营运成本。亿美元的营运成本。 中国日报中国日报Useful Terms Shift Work (轮班工作轮班工作) Work that is broken into chunks of timee.g. the day shift may be 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.; the night shift midnight to 8 a.m., etc. : OT (overtime pay)Useful Terms Temping (做临时工做临时工) Working short employment tasks

9、 with a variety of clients, usually through a temping agency or staffing firm. Previously temps were mostly administrative, but job-seekers can now find temping agencies covering most professions. Temping is great for building resume, learning skills, networking - and job flexibility and variety. Us

10、eful Terms Flex(i)time (弹性工作时间弹性工作时间) Flextime (flexible work time) is the most popular flexible work arrangement that requires employees to work a standard number of hours each week but allows them to choose their own starting and quitting times. However, a portion of each day is designated as core

11、 time/hours when all employees must be present. Flextime vs. teleworkingUseful Terms Consultancy (顾问工作顾问工作) The act of an individual or organization providing professional advice to others for a fee. A wide variety of consultants exist for many areas of organizational concerns, including management,

12、 accounting, finance, and legal and technical matters. . Useful Terms Hotdesking (办公桌轮用办公桌轮用) More productive use of office space; often involves, to a greater or lesser extent, eliminating personal ownership of desks. It is a method of sharing desks, with workers who are usually working elsewhere b

13、ooking space to work. This has been made easier by the use of laptops and just being able to plug these straight into docking points at every desk. This allows workers to carry out their tasks anywhere when they are working from their own laptop. Advantages: Cost saving in furniture and overheads su

14、ch as electricity, phone bills, computer maintenance, rent, air-conditioning, etc. Disadvantage: no personal territory or privacyUseful TermsEx 3 advantages and disadvantages advantagesdisadvantagesFreelanceYou choose the jobNo job securityTeleworkingOrganise your work timeYou need to be good at sel

15、f-organizationJob-sharingMore free timeNeed to coordinateShift workGives you your days freeTiringPart-timeMore free timeLess moneyTempingLots of varietyHard to progress your careerConsultancyWell paidNo job securityFlexitimeGood for work-life balanceNot good for people who like routineHot-deskingSav

16、es the company moneyDisruptive to employeesHow to job share open your mindPlan for disasterGet organizedSet your limitsPut pen to paperDont feel guiltyTwo become oneUseful Terms Share Credit & Blame (荣辱与同荣辱与同) Share Honor & Disgrace Flexible working consultancy (弹性弹性工作顾问公司）工作顾问公司） Delegate t

17、he workload (分配工作分配工作) Divide the workload/job responsibilities Managing Director/MD (董事总经理董事总经理) Managing director is the term used for the chief executive of many limited companies in the United Kingdom and some other English speaking countries. The title reflects their role as both a member of th

18、e Board of Directors but also as the senior manager. The term Chief Executive (or its American equivalent Chief Executive Officer or just CEO) is in general usage in the United Kingdom for the senior executive of public limited companies, charities and Executive Agencies. At subsidiary companies usa

19、ge is more variable, with managing director often preferred.Useful Terms Parental Leave (育儿假育儿假:包括分娩假和领包括分娩假和领养假养假) Parental leave is an employee benefit that provides paid or unpaid time off work to care for a child or make arrangements for the childs welfare. Often, the term parental leave include

20、s maternity (分娩假), paternity（父亲育婴假）, and adoption leave（领养假）. Often the minimum benefits are stipulated by law.Parental Leave by Country12 weeks0 weeks0 weeksUSA4 weeks per year (non-paid and a max of 13 weeks)2 weeks at a fixed amount ( 123.06)4 weeks per year (non-paid and a max of 13 weeks) 39 we

21、eks paid, rising to 52 weeks paid from April 2010 UKShare of 104 weeks (2 years) with father3 days + 11 consecutive days16 weeks (100%) rising to 26 weeks (100%) for third childFrance90 days 100%ChinaCountryPaid Maternal LeavePaid Paternal LeaveUnpaid Maternal LeaveUnpaid Paternal LeaveParental Leav

22、e by CountryShare of 104 weeks (2 years) with mother4 weeks non-paid annually (max 13 weeks) given at least one years continuous employment12 weeksUseful Terms Job-sharing (工作分担工作分担/輪班做事輪班做事): a kind of flexible work arrangement Alternative work schedule in which two employees voluntarily share the

23、responsibilities of one full time job, and receive salary and benefits on pro-rata basis (按比例均摊). For example, one person may work in a certain position Monday and Tuesday, and a second person may occupy that same position Thursday and Friday. The two people may both work on Wednesday and use that t

24、ime to update each other on the current status of the various projects on which they collaborate. A variety of other arrangements are possible as well. Job-sharing Job sharing is a somewhat controversialalternative to telecommuting, flexible workinghours, compressed work weeks, and otherarrangements

25、 used by small businesses lookingto offer their employees a bit more flexibilitywhile maintaining productivity. It is aimed at the small number of employees in the work force who do not have a problem with earning less money if it offers them the opportunity to pursue the other interests in life tha

26、t are important to them.Benefits for the company Acts as an attraction and retention mechanism. Enables the new employee to get up to speed quicker. Acts as an incentive for many professionals since time has become as important as money. Helps to maintain diversity in the workplace. Rewards talent a

27、nd increases job satisfaction. Increases morale and productivity. When an employee has created a more balanced life through job sharing, their anxiety and stress levels are greatly reduced.Disadvantages:Managers may fear that it could lead to confusion, more paperwork, and a host of other hassles. b

28、enefits for the employee Spend more time with their families Attend school pursue other personal interests. Working from homeAdv - you spend more time with the children - more flexibility - the company saves money on office space - no commutingDis- sometimes you work in the evening- you miss pepole

29、and the office newsThe future of the workplace no officeFlexible WorkingA flexible work arrangement includes:1. flexibility in the scheduling of hours worked, such as alternative work schedules (e.g., flextime and compressed workweeks), and arrangements regarding shift and break schedules;2. flexibi

30、lity in the amount of hours worked, such as part time work and job shares; and3. flexibility in the place of work, such as working at home or at a satellite location.Flexible WorkingA. Flexibility in Work Scheduling1. Alternative Work Schedules: a) Flextime: Schedules based on worker needs within se

31、t parameters approved by a supervisor. Examples: A worker must work 40 hours per week and be present on a daily basis during “core hours” (e.g., from 10:00 am to 3:00 pm), and may, for example, adjust arrival and departure times as he/she wishes on a daily basis, or define new standard work hours (e

32、.g., a set schedule of 7:00 am to 3:00 pm every day or of 7:00 am to 3:00 pm on Tues/Thurs and 10:00 am to 6:00 pm on Mon/Wed/Fri).A flexible working masterclassFlexible WorkingA. Flexibility in Work Scheduling b) Compressed Workweeks: Workers work full time hours in less than the traditional 5-day

33、workweek by increasing daily hours worked.Examples: A worker works 10-hour days, 4 days per week (e.g., MondayThursday, 8:00 am-6:00 pm). Over each two-week span, a worker works 9-hour days Monday through Thursday of each week and takes every other Friday off (i.e., works an 8-hour day on the Friday

34、 of the first week and does not work the Friday of the second week).Flexible Working2. Arrangements Regarding Shifts and Breaksa) Shift Arrangements: Workers who are assigned shifts by their employers enter into arrangements with their employers giving them more flexibility regarding the shifts they

35、 are assigned.Examples: A worker who cares for an elderly mother during the evenings enters into an arrangement with the employer ensuring that he/she will not have to work the evening or overnight shift.b) Break Arrangements: Workers who generally can only take assigned breaks enter into an arrange

36、ment with their employers giving them more flexibility over when they take breaks.Example: A worker with diabetes is allowed to set his/her own break schedule in order to ensure an opportunity to eat snacks and meals every three hours.Flexible WorkingB) Flexibility in the Amount of Hours Worked1. Pa

37、rt Time Work/Reduced Hours Schedule: Workers who usually work less than 35 hours per week.Examples: A worker works a three-day per week Monday/Wednesday/Friday schedule on a regular basis. A worker works 20 hours per week and determines her own schedule on a weekly basis. A worker goes from working

38、full time to 30 hours per week as she phases into retirement.2. Transition Period Part Time: Workers gradually return to work after a major life event (e.g., birth or adoption of a child) by working part time for a set period and eventually returning to full time work.Examples: Following a six-week

39、maternity leave, a worker returns to work three days a week for sixmonths, four days a week for the next six months, and then to full time work thereafter. A workers spouse dies unexpectedly and the worker takes off a full month from work.The worker returns to part-time work for two years and then r

40、eturns to working full timewhen her children have adjusted to the changed circumstances.Flexible Working3. Job Shares: Two or more workers share the duties of one full time job, with each person working on a part time basis.Examples: Two workers split the work of a single position 60%/40%, share the

41、 salary accordingly, and are in the office 2 days per week at the same time. Two workers share a single position and decide together when each will work and which tasks each will perform.4. Part-year Work: Workers work only a certain number of months per year.Examples: A semi-retired accountant work

42、s for an accounting firm during its busy season from January through May. He takes the remainder of the year off to travel. A teacher works a nine-month year.Flexible WorkingC. Flexibility in the Place of Work1. Telework/Home Work: Workers work remotely from their own homes, using a telecommunicatio

43、ns connection to the workplace if necessary.Examples: A worker teleworks from home on Monday/Friday, and works at the office Tuesday/Wednesday/ Thursday. A garment worker brings materials home from work and sews at her home two days a week(work not involving any telephone or computer connections wit

44、h the office).2. Telework/Satellite Location: Workers work remotely from a designated satellite work center.Example: A worker works from a nearby telework center Monday through Friday to avoid a long commute to work.3. Alternating Location: Workers work part-year in one location and part-year in a s

45、econd location.Example: A “snowbird” couple works at Wal-mart in New York from April to September, and then moves south for the colder months, working at a Florida Wal-mart from October to March. (snowbird: One who moves from a cold to a warm place in the winter.)A mini-presentation Exam tips Make s

46、ure that you cover the points on the card Remember to add some of your own ideas Use words such as because, however and although Think of a question to ask the other candidate口语考试部分口语考试部分 语试题由三部分构成语试题由三部分构成,第一部考官对两个考生分别第一部考官对两个考生分别提问，询问考生的个人情况以及对一些商务知识提问，询问考生的个人情况以及对一些商务知识的理解。第二部分要求考生分别作一个的理解。第二部分要求考生分别作一个1分钟的分钟的话题演讲，另一考生提问题。第三部分两名考生话题演讲，另一考生提问题。第三部分两名考生就一个话题进行讨论，之后考官会就此话题再问就一个话题进行讨论，之后考官会就此话题再问问题。问题。 考生两人一组考生两人一组,由两位考官由两位考官,一位提问一位提问,一位评分。一位评分。评分的考官（评分的考官（assessor）按以下四个标准给分）按以下四个标准给分:语法和词汇、谈话组织、发音、互动式交流。提