高中一复习专题：被动语态、时间状语从句 学案

1、重点难点被动语态的使用情况；被动语态的谓语动词形式绝対，私忍道。永不放弃，这就是我的忍道。漩涡鸣人herohrn.英雄，勇士; 男主角; （古代神话中的） 神人。复数：heroesdemondimnn.恶魔；魔鬼；怪物outcast被抛弃者; 流浪的人; 被驱逐的人; 流氓，无赖;C -被动语态语法梳理被动语态1、 定义：动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。We swept（v.打扫，sweep的过去式和过去分词） the floor.我们打扫了地板。The floor was swept

2、by us.地板被我们打扫过了。二、被动语态的构成：主语+助动词be +及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）其中，by意为“被；由”，表动作的执行者，在不知道或不强调动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”可以省略。The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。 （主动句：That boy broke the glass.）be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。 English is widely spoken around the world. （肯定式） English is not widely spok

3、en around the world. （否定式） Is English widely spoken around the world? （疑问式） Yes, it is./No, it isnt. People grow rice in the south.Rice is grown (by people) in the south. 三、被动语态的用法：1.在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下，可用被动语态。This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。【高考真题】Visitors _not to touch the exhibits（n.展览，

4、陈列; 展览品）. ( NMET 2001 )A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested 2. 没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。Do you know when the building was built?你知道这个建筑物是什么时候被建造的吗？3.要强调或突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。 四、被动语态的判断在做题过程中，判断是否使用被动语态，可参考以下四条：1.句中含有by sb时，例如：The windows _ (break) by t

5、hose boys.本句中含有by those boys，因此可以判断使用被动语态。答案是：were broken。2.句中含有with sth时，例如：The ground _ (cover) with thick snow.本句中含有with thick snow，因此可以判断使用被动语态。答案是：is covered。3.主语后的及物动词缺少宾语时，例如：I _ (tell) to come at once.tell的句型是tell sb to do sth。但是本句中tell的后面缺少宾语，说明主语I是动词tell的动作对象，因此tell要用被动语态。答案是：was told。【201

6、6山东高考真题】【2016山东卷】So it was a great honor to be invited backstage（adv.后台; 秘密地; 背地里; 在幕后;） at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for（pay for赔偿；为付钱） research, I (allow) to get up close（get up close接近） to these cute（可爱的） animals at the 600-acre（英亩） centre.【2016山东卷】改错Every day he

7、 makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.4.主语和谓语动词在逻辑上有动宾关系时，例如：English _ (teach) in middle schools.本句中既没有by sb，也没有with sth，这时，就要分析句子的主语和谓语动词之间是否存在逻辑上的动宾关系。English不可能发出teach的动作，只能是teach动作的对象，它们之间存在着动宾关系，因此，要用被动语态。答案是：is taught。5、 一般去时被动语态的结构：主语+ was/were + 动词的过去分词

8、 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他This bridge was built in October last year.现在完成时被动语态的结构：主语+ have/has + been+动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格/名词 )+ 其他He（elephant） has been taught to make marks like letters with a pen.（2015枣庄中考，阅读理解）My lesson has been finished by me.“Have you finished your lesson,

9、 George?” Said Mr. Prentice to his son.（2015枣庄中考，七选五）六、过去完成时被动语态的结构、使用情况主语+ had been done +其他成分过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况：(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by, before等引导的时间状语连用。The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came.Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting?【高考真题】The new suspension（悬浮；悬架） bri

10、dge _by the end of last month. （2001 上海春季）A .has been designed B .had been designed C. was designed D .would be designed(2)在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.(3) 根据语意、逻辑顺序可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。

11、On my recent visit, I help a lively（活泼的） three-month-old twin（孪生儿之一，双胞胎之一） that had been rejected by its mother.（2016山东卷）（主动句：Its mother had rejected the lively（活泼的） three-month-old twin.）【高考真题】This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He_ trying t

12、o save a child in the earthquake.（2002北京春季）A.  killed（kill，杀死，夺去生命）  B. is killed  C. was killed  D. was killing 【注意】当从句由 after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。E.g.When he arrived, he called

13、 her.They locked the door before they left. 能力提升【例1】（2010湖南）This coastal（沿海的） area _ a national wildlife reserve（n.保留; 保护区） last year. A. was named（命名；列名为） B. named C. is named D. names解析：本题考查动词时态和语态，依据时间状语last year，则应用一般过去时，又由于主语与谓语动词之间存在着被动关心，故选A项。句意：去年，这片沿海地区被列为国家野生动植物保护区。答案：A【例2】（2010全国）Linda ma

14、kes sure the tables _ before the guests arrive.A. be set（set的过去式、过去分词，设置; 放置） B. set C. are set D. are setting解析：本题考查动词set的用法和被动语态：set the table摆餐具，摆放桌子；tables作主语，与动词set之间存在着被动关系；同时make sure后接省略that的宾语从句。句意：琳达在客人到来之前，要确保摆放好桌子。答案：C【例3】（2010四川）Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher

15、 will blame you. A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected解析：本题考查动词语态与时态：句中you与expect存在被动关系，首先排除A与C项；同时由have failed提示，“被期盼做”这一动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。句意：你没有按照预期的要求去做，恐怕老师会责怪你。答案：D【2013上海卷】29. The school board is made up of parents who _ to make decisions about school affairs.A. ha

16、d been electedB. had electedC. have been electedD. have electedC.解析：题干的意思是：“这个学校董事会是由已经当选，并为学校事务做决定的父母组成的”。父母是被选上，用被动语态，排除选项B，D。再根据关键信息is made up of用的是现在时，可知选举一事对现在有影响，所以用现在完成时。The church tower which_will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.Ahas restored（restore的过去式、过去分词，修复） Bhas b

17、een restoredCis restoring Dis being restoredWould you please keep silent？The weather report _and I want to listen.Ais broadcast Bis being broadcastChas been broadcast Dhad been broadcast【2005全国高考】The heros story _ differently in the newspapers. A. was

18、0;reported  B. was reporting  C. reports  D. reported【2013湖南卷】26If nothing _， the oceans will turn into fish deserts.Adoes Bhad been doneCwill do Dis doneD。考查动词时态语态一般现在时的被动语态。解题思路：根据“主将从现”原则, if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，排除B、C；nothing做主语，和do构成动宾关系，排除A，选择D。【

19、句意】如果不采取措施，海洋将成为鱼类的沙漠（海洋鱼类资源面临枯竭）。Claudia, are you going to Jeffs birthday party on Saturday? Unless I _.A.will be invited B. am invited C. was inviting D. InvitedC -时间状语从句语法梳理时间状语从句1. 时间状语从句的定义：在句子中表示时间的状语从句。He had pneumonia（nju:mnin.医 肺炎；急性肺炎） and almost died when he was ten.（外研社选修七）二.引导时间状语从句的词有：

20、1. when“当时，在期间”。when引导从句时，主从句的动作有先有后，也可以同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。When I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off. （主先从后）（短暂性）When I lived there, I used to go to the seaside on Sundays. (同时) （持续性）When the movie ended, the people went back. （从先主后）【练习】_ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where

21、he has been.It was already eight o'clock _ we got there. 2. while“在期间”。while 表示的是一段时间，是一个过程。如果含有“一段时间”的含义的时候，就可以用while。相比于when，while 从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态，它的意思是：当while 事件正在发生的时候，另一件事如何如何，while 从句一般用的是现在进行时。如：While we were chatting she was looking at the time table on the wallYou cant do your homew

22、ork while youre watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。 3.as“一边一边，随着”。as引导从句时，侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行，从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。as 表达的事件，往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时，as 只是一个次要的时间说明。如：Sometimes I watch TV as I am having breakfastAs time goes on（go on向前走；继续）, its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。【注意】如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动

23、词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。【练习】_ she grew older, she became more responsible. 4. as soon as/immediately/the moment/the minute/no soonerthan/hardlywhen“一就，刚就”。They told me about it as

24、 soon as/immediately/the moment they got the message.他们一听到口信就把消息告诉了我。【注意】no soonerthan/hardlywhen这类的时态搭配：no soonerthan与hardlywhen所在的主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly提到句首时，主句应用倒装语序。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

25、我一回到家就开始下雨了。5. till, until和notuntil（1） 肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词的肯定式，表示某动作一直延续到某个时间点才停止。He remained there till/until she arrived.他一直待在那儿直到她到来。（2） 否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。He wont go to bed till/until she returns.直到她回来，他才会去睡觉。（3） notuntil句型中的强调和倒装用法：It was not until you told me that I had any ide

26、a of it.（强调句型）Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.（not until引导的从句置于句首，主句要倒装）直到你告诉我后，我才知道那件事。until和till的区别：until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。 【练习】I waited _ he came back. 6. before（1） 如果表达“还未就；不到就；才；还没来得及就”时，需用连词before.W

27、e hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。（2） It will be+一段时间+before 多久之后才It will be half a year before I come back.【练习】He had learned Chinese _ he came to China. 7. since（1） since从句的时态如果是一般过去时，主句中的时态是现在完成时（或现在完成进行时）。I have written home four times since I came here.（2） It is+一段时间+since从

28、句。It is 3 years since the war broke out（break out突然发生，爆发；向外砸开）.【练习】 I haven't seen him _ he moved to the other side of the town. 3. 主将从现：在时间状语从句（和条件状语从句、让步状语从句）中，主句谓语动词如果是一般将来时，从句的谓语动词用一般将来时，即“主将从现”。I will tell him about it when he comes. 能力提升连词填空I was about to go out _ a visitor came. It was no

29、t _ he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him. The thieves ran away _ they caught sight of（看见; 瞥见; 见; 一下子看到） the police. _ I get to the airport, I will phone you to pick me up. T - 能力提升能力提升单选【2012四川卷】11. They are living with their parents for the moment（for the moment暂时；目前） because their own

30、house _.A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt【2012天津卷】The letters for the boss_ on his desk but he didnt read them until three later.A.were putB. was putC. putD. has put【2013北京卷】23. Shakespeares play Hamlet _ into at least ten different films over the past years（在过去的几年

31、里）. A. had been made .B. was madeC. has been madeD. would be made【拓展】现在完成时态有两种用法，其中一种是表示一个动作从过去的某个时候发生，一直延续到现在，此时，经常使用的时间状语有：so far，up to/till now，for years，since，over/in/during the past years，等等。【句意】在过去的几年中，莎士比亚的哈姆雷特已经被制作成至少十部不同的电影。2014安徽卷 The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times _ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”Abefore Bafter Csince DWhile2014江西卷