英语中考易 专题训练四 阅读理解 ppt

1、 专题四专题四 阅读理解阅读理解【题型剖析】【题型剖析】中学英语教学大纲把培养学生阅读能力作为一个主要的教学目标，中学英语教学大纲把培养学生阅读能力作为一个主要的教学目标，而阅读理解题是每次中考中分值最大的一类题。而阅读理解题是每次中考中分值最大的一类题。它是通过文字获取信息以达到对作者的思想、观点、它是通过文字获取信息以达到对作者的思想、观点、意图进行了解、认识和交流的目的。意图进行了解、认识和交流的目的。 旨在考查考生的英语运用能力及阅读理解能力旨在考查考生的英语运用能力及阅读理解能力阅读阅读A篇所选文章多为应用文体篇所选文章多为应用文体,如：各种通知、海报、节目单、如：各种通知、海报、节

2、目单、时刻表、校园学生活动安排等。阅读量约时刻表、校园学生活动安排等。阅读量约100词左右。词左右。难度系数为难度系数为0.4，问题带有直观性。，问题带有直观性。 阅读阅读B篇：短文阅读篇：短文阅读 ，阅读量约，阅读量约200词左右。所选文章多为词左右。所选文章多为记叙文。如故事、人物、文化等。难度系数为记叙文。如故事、人物、文化等。难度系数为0.5-0.6，常考理解性问题常考理解性问题 、推理性问题推理性问题 。需要理解主旨大意、细节理解和细节判断、猜测词义。需要理解主旨大意、细节理解和细节判断、猜测词义。阅读阅读C篇：配对阅读，难度系数为篇：配对阅读，难度系数为0.4，命题者，命题者在这一

3、题型上主要采用同义替换和公共信息干扰的方式来增加这在这一题型上主要采用同义替换和公共信息干扰的方式来增加这几年中考配对阅读的选项都为几年中考配对阅读的选项都为7选选5。 【答题技巧】【答题技巧】一、先读问题，弄清考查要点一、先读问题，弄清考查要点在阅读文章之前，先将问题细读一遍，弄清考查要点，在阅读文章之前，先将问题细读一遍，弄清考查要点，以便在下一步阅读中做到心中有数。以便在下一步阅读中做到心中有数。二、快速浏览全文，了解大意二、快速浏览全文，了解大意带着问题去读，边读边选出考查表层问题的答案。带着问题去读，边读边选出考查表层问题的答案。在快速阅读中凭借对问题的印象把重要的信息标记出来，在快

4、速阅读中凭借对问题的印象把重要的信息标记出来，这样能够快速地找到答案，从而提高阅读效率。这样能够快速地找到答案，从而提高阅读效率。三、细读原文，捕捉信息三、细读原文，捕捉信息细读文章是为了掌握文章的确切内容和细节信息，细读文章是为了掌握文章的确切内容和细节信息，对文章大意有更深刻的理解和推测。这次阅读应细品文章，对文章大意有更深刻的理解和推测。这次阅读应细品文章，不可一晃而过。对文章的内容和细节要做到不可一晃而过。对文章的内容和细节要做到“胸有成竹胸有成竹”，对事情的发生、发展和解决有更加深入的了解。对事情的发生、发展和解决有更加深入的了解。要注意时间、地点、人物、事件、起因要注意时间、地点、

5、人物、事件、起因(即即5个个w：when，where，who，what，why)。阅读过程中，特别强调要注意材料的首尾段及每一段中的首尾句，阅读过程中，特别强调要注意材料的首尾段及每一段中的首尾句，对文章的重要结论、信息要点着重标注，以便解题时能快速对文章的重要结论、信息要点着重标注，以便解题时能快速寻找有用信息寻找有用信息 切忌对材料中出现的生词斤斤计较，要学会科学地通过联系切忌对材料中出现的生词斤斤计较，要学会科学地通过联系上下文对生词词义给予估计和猜测；上下文对生词词义给予估计和猜测；如果将各个单词割裂开来进行具体精确的词义诠释，如果将各个单词割裂开来进行具体精确的词义诠释，会造成信息流

6、中断，从而曲解或误解信息。会造成信息流中断，从而曲解或误解信息。四、重读原文，仔细斟酌，核对答案四、重读原文，仔细斟酌，核对答案 检验过程中，对照题目，确保词句理解、计算理解、检验过程中，对照题目，确保词句理解、计算理解、推测判断、归纳概括等所有题目准确无误。推测判断、归纳概括等所有题目准确无误。【例题分析】【例题分析】A篇 (选自2013年广东省中考试题, 按原题号) Wildwood School Library Guide This will offer you some information about our school library.You can use this guid

7、e to help your kids use our library.Service hours:3:00 pm5:30 pm on school days;8:30 am11：00 am on weekendsOn school days, your kids may borrow or return books during opening hours only when his classroom teacher allows him to.At the weekend, our library is open to both you and your kids.BorrowingEa

8、ch student can borrow one or two books at a time: More books can be borrowed only for class reading activities and school research.Returning:Books borrowed from the library can be kept for 15 school days. The books must be returned before the due (到期的）到期的）date or the kid can not borrow other books.D

9、amaged(受损的）受损的） or Lost BooksWhen a book is returned in a damaged condition, the kid will have to pay three dollars for the damage. Full price must be paid if a book is lost. We encourage students to carry their library books in plastic bags to protect them from rainy weather.Please call us at 33621

10、323 for more information.56. Students can borrow more than two books at a time _. A. for sending exams B.to do school research C. for after-school activities D. to read together with their parents57. _must be paid when a student loses the book he borrows. Three dollars Half the price of the book C.

11、Full price of the book D. Twice the price of the boo 58. The students are advised to _to prevent rain. A. carry their library books in plastic bags B. cover their library books with raincoats C. put their library books into their pockets D. keep their library books in their classroom59. This library

12、 guide is for_. A. teachers from Wildwood B. workers in Wildwood School Library. C. visitors to Wildwood School D. parents of the Wildwood School students60. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The library is open for two and a half hours every day. B. Students parents can go to the school library

13、 on weekends.C. Students can go to the library during opening hours as they like.D. Students can keep the books that they borrow for fifteen school days.【剖析】本篇短文是一则图书馆借书指南，文中详细地说明了图【剖析】本篇短文是一则图书馆借书指南，文中详细地说明了图书馆开发时间、借书要求，包括如何保护书、丢失赔偿的细节。书馆开发时间、借书要求，包括如何保护书、丢失赔偿的细节。题材和体裁都是学生熟悉的，体现了题材和体裁都是学生熟悉的，体现了“生活

14、英语生活英语”的特色，的特色，突出了应用性。突出了应用性。 在阅读理解的基础上设置的在阅读理解的基础上设置的5道题，是真正落实道题，是真正落实“任务型任务型”教学教学的检测题。的检测题。题目的设置紧扣大纲，体现了新题目的设置紧扣大纲，体现了新英语课程标准英语课程标准的要求；的要求；题干很有新意且巧妙，涵盖了细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、题干很有新意且巧妙，涵盖了细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、同义句的理解及语篇的整体综合理解。同义句的理解及语篇的整体综合理解。 表面看来题目似乎不难，但暗设重重机关，考生答题时要相当细心、表面看来题目似乎不难，但暗设重重机关，考生答题时要相当细心、灵活，否则，很难

15、看出出题者的意图及所设的陷阱。灵活，否则，很难看出出题者的意图及所设的陷阱。它不仅能够测试出考生的真实英语水平和对所学的语言知识的言它不仅能够测试出考生的真实英语水平和对所学的语言知识的言语运用的能力，同时，还能够测试出考生的学习品质和性格特征。语运用的能力，同时，还能够测试出考生的学习品质和性格特征。因此，这是一道难得的好题。因此，这是一道难得的好题。56B 【解析】直观题。从文中：【解析】直观题。从文中：Borrowing:Each student can borrow one or two books at a time. More books can be borrowed only

16、for class reading activities and school research.直接得出答案。直接得出答案。57C【解析】直观题。看文章倒数第三行【解析】直观题。看文章倒数第三行Full price must be paid if a book is lost,即可得出答案即可得出答案C。58A【解析】直观题。看文章倒数第三行【解析】直观题。看文章倒数第三行“We encourage students to carry their library books in plastic bags to protect them from rainy weather，即可得出答案，即

17、可得出答案A。59D【解析】细节理解题。需要分析文章第一段的句子【解析】细节理解题。需要分析文章第一段的句子“You can use this guide to help your kids use our library”句中的单词句中的单词“kids”暗示了答案应该指的是父母。暗示了答案应该指的是父母。60C【解析】主旨理解题。需要细看答案，细读文章【解析】主旨理解题。需要细看答案，细读文章,用排除法，用排除法，得出答案。得出答案。原文明确说出原文明确说出“On school days, your kids may borrow or return books during opening

18、 hours only when his classroom teacher allows him to.“（意思是在上学期间，你的孩子只有得到班级老师（意思是在上学期间，你的孩子只有得到班级老师允许才能在开放时间借书或者还书。允许才能在开放时间借书或者还书。而而 答案答案C. Students can go to the library during opening hours as they like表达的意思是学生能够在开发时间借他们所喜欢的书籍表达的意思是学生能够在开发时间借他们所喜欢的书籍.B篇篇 (选自选自2013年广东省中考试题年广东省中考试题, 按原题号按原题号) In nat

19、ure, you may see many insects (昆虫）昆虫）and animals of different colors. Have you ever wondered why? Locusts are super delicious food for birds, but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them. It is neither because locusts are good jumpers or runners nor because they are smarter than their en

20、emies. The reason is that the colors of locusts change with the colors of crops(庄稼庄稼). When crops are young, locusts look green. But when autumn comes, locusts change to the yellow and brown color as crops do. Brown bears, tigers and other animals move quietly through forests. They cant be seen easi

21、ly by their enemies. This is because they have colors similar to the trees. For the same reason, polar bears that live on a land of snow and ice are white. Butterflies and bees living among the flowers are colorful like flowers. Soil insects are mostly dark-colored and they live under the soil(土壤）土壤

22、） in a dark and wet environment. However, insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others. So in order to survive, they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night. Have you ever noticed some even stranger acts? The ink fish in the sea can send o

23、ut some very black ink when it faces danger. As the ink spreads over , its enemies will find themselves suddenly in a dark world. At the same time the ink fish immediately swims away. That is how it keeps itself safe though it is not strong at all.61.It is not easy for birds to catch locusts because

24、_. A .locusts are good runners B. locusts can jump very high C. locusts are smarter than birds D. locusts can change their color62. According to the passage, most soil insects_ A. do not have bright colors B. change their colors with the soil C. do not live in a dark and wet environment D. Eat color

25、ful insects like butterflies and bees【剖析】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲述了昆虫和动物都有保护色，【剖析】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲述了昆虫和动物都有保护色， 让他们远离伤害。让他们远离伤害。61D。【解析】细节理解题。要认真读第二段话，。【解析】细节理解题。要认真读第二段话，分析分析neither-nor是既不是既不也不的意思，也不的意思，故不能选前三个答案，要根据故不能选前三个答案，要根据The reason is that the colors of locusts change with the colors of crops这句话得到答案。这句话得到答

26、案。62A。【解析】基础题。看第三段第四句话就能得到答案。【解析】基础题。看第三段第四句话就能得到答案。63D。【解析】词义理解题。看上下文就能推测出。【解析】词义理解题。看上下文就能推测出。64B。【解析】细节理解题。看最后一段。【解析】细节理解题。看最后一段“The ink fish in the sea can send out some very black ink when it faces danger.”65C。【解析】主旨理解题。答此题要细读全文、分析、推敲。【解析】主旨理解题。答此题要细读全文、分析、推敲。63.Whats the meaning of the underli

27、ned word ”survive” in the passage? A. 繁殖繁殖 B. 产卵产卵 C. 觅食觅食 D. 生存生存64、The ink fish_ so that its enemies will not see it? A. changes its color B. makes the water around it black C. appears only at night D. hides itself in the sea rocks65. What is the main ides of this passage?A. Some insects and anima

28、ls have different skills. B. Some insects and animals are clever than we think.C. Some insects and animals use colors to protect themselves. D. Some insects and animals can get used to the environment easily.C篇 (选自2013年广东省中考试题, 按原题号)配对阅读 左栏是五位病人的健康问题，右栏是七位专科医生的 简介。请根据五位病人的健康问题为他们选出最合适的专科医生诊病，并将答题卡上对

29、应题目所选的选项涂黑。66.Bobisoftenlateforschoolbecausehealwaysgetsuplate.Thismakeshisteachermad.Heneedstobuysomethingtowakehimupinthemorning.67.Timlikeslisteningtomusicwhenheisfree.Andhehastosende-mailstohiscustomers(顾顾客）客）everyday.Hewantstobuysomethingthatcanhelphim.68.Summerhascome.Tonyisfatandhecantsleepwe

30、llonsuchhotdays.Thistroubleshimalot.Hedliketobuysomethingtomakehimfeelcool.69.Aliceoftenwashesherhairlateatnight.Itisoftenwetwhenshegoestobed.Sheisgoingtobuysomethingthatcandryherhairinashorttime.70.Susanisahousewife.Shehastodothewashingforherfamilyeveryday.Shegetstiredofit.Sheisinneedofaproducttodo

31、itforher.A.Thiselectricproductcanmakeyoucoolduringthehotdays.Itcanhelpyouchangethetemperatureandcontrolthehumidity(湿度）湿度）ofyourroom.BYoucandomanythingswiththisproduct,suchassendinge-mails,playinggames,gettingonlineandsoon.Youcanalsolistentothemusicwithitwhenyouwanttorelax.CThiselectricproductisusefu

32、ltoallofus.Peopleoftenhaveoneathome.Itisoftenputuponthewall.Ifyouwanttoknowthetime,justtakealookatit.D.Thiscanhelpyouwashyourdirtyclothesanddrythem.Whatyouneedtodoistoreturnitonandlaterhangtheclothesontheline.Withthiselectricproduct,lifewillbealoteasierforyou.E.Eachfamilyneedsthisproduct.Youcanuseit

33、tostoremeat,vegetables,fruits,drinksandmedicine.Itcankeepthemcoolandfreshsothattheywillnotgobadeasilyonhotdays.F.Itisaveryhelpfulproductwhichtellsyouthetime.Itcanwakeyouupwithapieceofmusicanytimeyouwant,butyouhavetosetthetimefirst.G.Whenyouwashyourhair,youneedthisproduct.Itcanmakeyourwethairdryinaminute.Itcanalsobeusedfordryingyourwetclothesorsomeotherwetthings.【剖析】本文题目难易适中，设置了个别有挑战性的词组如：【剖析】本文题目难易适中，设置了个别有挑战性的词组如：get tire