初中英语初一名词及所有格

1、学习必备欢迎下载第四讲名词及所有格姓名：学校：年级：【学习目标 】：1. 了解名词及所有格的定义，及其用法2. 通过读写训练，掌握名词及其所有格的用法【知识要点】一、名词的概念及分类名词是表示人、事物、物质种类、抽象概念的词，它属于一种重要的实词。名词可以从不同的角度进行分类，分类如下：1、根据构词法进行分类： 简单名词： man chair land water 复合名词： farmlandroommateseaside 派生名词： argument ability greatness questionnaire2、根据词汇意义进行分类：专有名词和普通名词， 其中普通名词又可分为个体名词、

2、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。3、根据语法意义进行分类：名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。个体名词表示人和事物的的个体bookchairhouse可teacher doctor table数集体名词表示人或一些事物的群体或总称family,police,people,名baggage ,clothing词普通名名词表示无法分为个体的物质、材料water air teasnow词物质名词的名词rainwood不可表示动作、状态、品质等抽象概workhealthfun抽象名词数念luckfuture名专有一个人和事物所特有的名称，如Mr. Brown, China词专有名词the White Ho

3、use,名词时间、地点、机构、国家等。二、名词的数1、可数名词的规则变化情况构成方法读音例词学习必备欢迎下载一般情况加 -s1.清辅音后读map-maps/s/;bag-bags2.浊辅音和元car-cars音后读 /z/以 s,sh,ch, x 等结加 -es读 /iz/bus-buses box-boxes尾的词brush-brushes,watch-watchesce,se,ze, (d)ge 等加 -s读 /iz/license-licenses结尾的词以 y 结尾的1.清辅音后读1) 以辅音字母 +y变 y 为 i 再加 es/s/;1)baby-babies,factory-fac

4、tories结尾的词2.浊辅音和元story-stories2) 元 音 字 母 +y直接加 s 变复数音后读 /z/2)monkey-monkeys结尾holiday-holidays以 o 结尾的名词1)有生命的加 es1.清辅音后读1)potato potatoes/s/;tomatotomatoes2)没有生命的加 s2.浊辅音和元2)photo-photos piano-pianos音后读 /z/3)均可3) zero-zeros / zeroesVolcanovolcanos/ volcanoes以 f 或 fe 结尾的1)去 f,fe 加 ves1.清辅音后读1)half-hal

5、ves名词/s/;wolf-wol ves,wife-wi ves2.浊辅音和元life-li ves thief-thieves2)加 s音后读 /z/2)belief-beliefs roof-roofssafe-safes gulf-gulfs3)均可3)handkerchief- Handkerchiefs /handkerchiefs例外 Stomachs, pianos, photos, roofs, safes保险箱 , beliefs 信条2、可数名词复数的不规则变化构成方式例词变内部元音foot-f eettooth-teethmouse-miceman-menwoman-w

6、omen goose- geese词尾加 -en 或-renchild-child ren ox-oxen单、复数词形相同a deertwo deer，a sheepfive sheep ，a fish three fish，a meanssome means学习必备欢迎下载汉语音译词如度量衡、币制等单位的名词无复数形ten jin 100muten li sevendan式,但要用斜体单复数形式相同a Japanese-five Japanesea Chinese-ten Chinese表示 “某国人 ”的名词，其词 尾 的 man为 a Frenchmantwo Frenchmen单、复数

7、变化的 3 种情况menan Englishwoman seven Englishwomen词尾加 -sa Germanfive Germansa Russianten Russians3、复合名词的复数形式1)一般将主体名词变为复数。mother-in-law mothers-in-law 岳母 passer-by passers-by 过路人 looker-on lookers-on 旁观者 editor-in-chief editors-in-chie 主编2)无主体名词构成的复合词，在词尾加一go-between go-betweens中间人，媒人s。如：grown-up grown-

8、ups成年人3) 由 man 或 woman 构成的复合名词，两者都要变成复数。如：a man teacher two men teachers；a woman doctor ten women doctors4、不可数名词的量的变化1)借助单位词表示不可数名词的量a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of breada bottle of orange a glass of water（milk ） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice2）用 much, a littl

9、e, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少 ，不可数名词 也可用 a lotof, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice5、名词单、复数的特殊用法1）有相同两部分组成的名词（谓语动词用复数）glasses眼睛 , contact

10、lenses隐形眼镜 , trousers裤子 , scissors剪刀 , shoes鞋, socks袜子 , gloves 手套三、名词所有格及其用法。名词的格的种类学习必备欢迎下载英语名词有三个格，即主格、宾格和所有格。名词的主格和宾格形式相同，所以它们又统称作通格。当名词用作主语、宾语、表语时，用通格。英语名词的所有格表示所属关系，它分-s所有格和 of 所有格两种形式。定义：名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系的一种形式，名词所有格的构成包括 s所有格、 of 所有格和双重所有格。（1）- s所有格的构成方法一般情况 ( 包括单数名词和不带词尾s 的复数名词 ) 加 - s

11、：childrens books儿童图书today s paper今天的报纸带词尾 s 的复数名词只加省字撇 ( ) ：girls school女子学校the Smiths car史密斯家的小汽车注：带词尾 s 的单数名词，通常仍加s：the boss s pl an 老板的计划the hostesss worry女主人的担心带词尾 s 的人名，可加 s 或只加省字撇 ( ) ：Dickens novels狄更斯的小说Charles s job查理斯的工作不带词尾 -s 却以咝音结尾者，一律加s：Marxs works马克思的著作Georges room 乔治的房间注意：（考点）如果一个事物为

12、两个人或两个以上的人共同拥有，只在最后一个名词的末尾加s。E.g. This is John, Jack and Tom s room.E.g. Mr. Green is Jim and Kate s father.表示某人的家，店铺的所有格，一般可以省略它所修饰的名词。the Green 格s林家the barber发理s店at the tailor在裁缝s店at the doctor在医s院the Smiththe Smith史密斯这个人the Smiths 史密斯一家人s史密斯的家（住处）the Smiths 史密斯一家人的家（住处）s所有格常表示有生命的东西，但也可表示无生命的东西，如

13、：时间，自然现象，国家，城市等实体，度量衡以及价值等。例：five minute s walk五分钟步行的路程today s newspaper今天的报纸学习必备欢迎下载thirty dollar values 30 美元的价值 China s capital 注：一个七岁的女孩a seven-yearold-girl a seven years old girla girl of sevena girl of seven years一百米的赛跑100-meter race100 meters race用 and 连接的并列连词的所有格要分两种情况， 即表示各自的所有关系时， 要分别在并列连词

14、后加 -s，表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加 -s：Toms and Jim s rooms汤姆和吉姆 (各自 )的房间 Tom and Jim s rooms汤姆和吉姆 (共同 )的房间 用于某些固定表达中：a stone s throw一箭之遥at one s witsend 黔驴技穷at arm s length以一臂之距out of harms way在完全的地方（2）、of 所有格表示无生命的名词的所有格，一般用of 所有格。如：the legs of the chair 椅子的腿the cover of the book 书的封面（3）、双重所有格双重所有格，即两种形式结

15、合在一起应用“of +名词 s。”如：the books of the library图书馆s的书a photo of Jima photo of Jim s(4) - s所有格与 of 所有格的用法比较(1) of 所有格既可用于有生命的人或物， 也可用于无生命的东西。 of 所有格有时可以与 -s所有格互换。 如：the Queen s arrival = the arrival of the Queen女王的到达(2) 必须用 s所有格的情形：表类别时： mens shoes男鞋， childrens stories儿童故事表来源时： Johns telegram约翰的电报当被修饰的名词

16、后有同位语修饰时：Marys husband, a policeman, has justbeen here. 玛丽的丈夫是个警察，刚刚来过这儿。(3) 必须用 of 所有格的情形：学习必备欢迎下载用于无生命的事物时：the subject of the sentence句子主语表同位关系时： the City of Beijing北京市当中心词是名词化的名词时：the life of the poor 穷人的生活当 of 所有格中的名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时： Mr Smith is a foreign teacher of a university in China. 史密斯先生是中国

17、一所大学的外籍教师。名词所有格【经典例题】1.They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photosC. news D. stories解析 : much 是用来修饰不可数名词的 , A B D 三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式 , C 项为不可数名词 , 因此选 C.2.I have two _ and three bottles of _ here.A. orange, orangeB. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orangeD. orange, oranges解析 : orange 有两种含义 , 一种可

18、数名词橘子 , 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词 , 第二空填不可数名词 , 因此选 C。3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home .A. 25 minutes walkB. 25 minute s walkC. 25 minute walkD. 25 minutes walk解析 : 句中的minute 应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+,而不能 +s,因此选 A 。4. An old _ wants to see you.A. peopleB. personC. the peopleD. the person解析 : pe

19、rson 与 people 都有”人” 的意思 , 但用法不同 . “ 一个人”用 “a person”, “两个人” 用 “ two persons”; people 泛指 “人们”是集合名词 ,表示复数 , the people 指 “人民” , a people 指 “一个民族” . 应选 B。5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples C. chicken and appleB. chickens and appleD. chicken and apples解析 : chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡 ,用作不可数名词指鸡肉 ,根据词题

20、意应理解为鸡肉 ;apple 为可数名词 , 故应 +s, 因此选 D。6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _.A. room snumberB. roomsnumberC. room numbersD.roomsnumbers解析 : room number 房间号码 . room 可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有 my phsics teacher,学习必备欢迎下载two bus drivers 等.应选 C。7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _.A

21、. familyB. houseC. homeD. room解析 : family 指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house 指的是房子 (住所 ); room 指的是房间 ;而 home 指的是家 , 因此选 C.8. _ mothers couldn got to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and Peter sC. Mary s and PeterB. Mary and PeterD. Mary s and Peters解析 : 此句中“mothers”是复数 ,表示两个人各自的母亲 ,因此应选 D。9.

22、 Li Lei has been to _ many times this month.A. her uncleB. her uncle s C. her unclesD. aunt s解析 : 此句意为 “李雷这个去她舅舅家多次” . 表示具体场所时 , 可省去所有格后面的名词 .因此选 B。10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn t _ in teaching.A. many experiencesB. much experienceC. an experienceD. a lot experience解析 : experience作 “经验

23、” 讲时是不可数名词 , 作 “经历” 讲时是可数名词 .本句中应理解为“经验” ,因此是不可数名词 ,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of,plenty of 只用于肯定句 , 不用于否定句 , 因此选 B。11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago.A. youB. yourC. your sisterD. your sisters解析 : 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选 D。12. A group of _ are talking with two _.A. Frenchmen, GermansB. Germans ,

24、FrenchmansC. Frenchmans , GermenD. Germen , Frenchmen解析 :Frenchman 是复合词 ,其复数形式为Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾 +S, 应选 A.【经典练习】（）1.The team _ having a meeting .A. isB. areC. amD. be（）2.“Would you like _?”“_, please.”A. drink, Three coffeesB. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffeeD. a drink, Three

25、cups of coffees学习必备欢迎下载（）3. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and bloodof _ men.A.earth and stone, millions ofB. earths and stones, millionsC. the earth and stone, million ofD. the earths and stones, millions（）4 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no_ w

26、ere lost.A. child, livesB. children, lifeC. children, livesD. child, life（）5. -This is a photo of _ when they were young.-OK, how happy they both looked!A. my father and motherB. my mother and father'sC. my mother's and father'sD.my father's and my mother（）6. The new student is in _

27、, Grade Two.A. Class ThirdB. Third ClassC. Class ThreeD. Threeclass（） 7. Today is September 10th. It's _ Day. Let's go and buy someflowers for our teachers.A. TeachersB. Teachers'C. the Teachers'D.Teacher's（） 8. The market isn't far from here. It's only _ bicycle ride.A.h

28、alf an hours'B. half an hour'sC. half an hourD. anhour and a half（） 9. - What would you like to drink, girls?- _, please.A.Two cup of coffeeB. Two cups of coffeC. Two cups of coffeeD. Two cups of coffees（） 10. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for_.A. funB. wishe

29、sC. interestD. thanks（） 11. Some _ are flying kites near the river.A. childB. boyC. boysD. childs（） 12. After the exam, we'll have_ holiday.A. two weeksB. two-weeksC. two weeks'D. two week's二所有格练习1. Today is September 10th. It's _ Day.学习必备欢迎下载A. TeacherB. Teacher'sC. Teachers'

30、;D. Teacher'2.It's June 1st, it's _ Day.A. ChildrensB. Children'sC. Childrens'D. Childrens's3.This year, _ is on May 9th.A.My mother's brithdayB. My mothers' brithdayC. My mothers brithdayD. My mothers's brithday4.Lin Tao is ill, so he has to go to the _ .A. docto

31、rB. doctor'sC. doctors'D. doctor'5.Where is Mr. Zhang?He is in the _ .A. teacher's reading roomB. teachers' reading roomC. teacher reading roomD. teachers reading room6.This is _ ball. It's not _ .A. the boy's, girl'sB. the boy's, the girl'sC. the boy, the gir

32、lD.boys',girls7.This year, the most popular _ hat is that kind.A. woman'sB. womens'C. women'sD. womans'8.Look at the book, it's not mine, and it's not yours, so it must be _ .A. somebody else'sB. somebody else' C. somebody's elseD.somebody'else9.These are _ .A.newspaper of todayB.today's newspaperC. today's newspapers'D. today newspaper's10. It's about _ from my home to our school.A. twenty minutes' walkB. walk of twenty minutes'C. walk of twenty minutes'D