不定式详解及顺口溜

1、 expect to do sth. 期待做某事非谓语动词动名词动名词分词分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式（动词不定式（The Infinitive）一一. 动词不定式的基本构成：动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成 肯定式：肯定式：to do sth 否定式：否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：被动式：to be done 完成式：完成式：to have done二二. 动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作名词的特征，

2、因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。语定语、状语等成份。不定式在七个感官动词不定式在七个感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, find, notice, listen to, 三个使役动词三个使役动词let, have, make等后作宾补时等后作宾补时,to要省略要省略(1)作主语作主语 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：注：常用常用it做形式主语，将做

3、形式主语，将to do放在位于放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。之后，使句子保持平衡。句型句型1：It + 谓语谓语 + to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型句型2：Its + n. + to doIts our duty _ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountains句型句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of

4、sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的 ）（是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some h

5、elp.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.reach the point or stage at which one does the specified thing 达到做某事的程度或达到做某事的程度或地步地步: He grew increasingly to rely on her. 他越来越依赖她了他越来越依赖她了 1.He asked me to help him repair his radio, but I dont know _.to do it B. how to C. what to do it D. how

6、 to do2. His voice made me _ terrible.To feel B. feel C. feels D. felt3. My parents told me _ people when they are in trouble.never laugh at B. not to laugh at dont laugh at D. not laugh at4. Its bad manners _ rude to people.to be B. are C. be D. to being5. Its interesting _ us to take part in the g

7、ames.A. of B. to C. for D. at6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A not make B not to make C not making D do not make7.Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C to be expecting D expects8.Paul doesnt have to

8、be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning9. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone动名词（动名词（gerund）一一. 动名词的基本构成动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving be

9、en done二二. 动名词的性质动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：五.动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语1).物主代词物主代词 / 名词所有格名词所有格 + 动名词动名词 在句中作主语在句中作主语: Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Roses going wont

10、be of much help. 2).人称代词宾格人称代词宾格 / 名词名词 /物主代词物主代词 + 动名词动名词 在句中作宾语在句中作宾语: Im sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I dont mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them) smoking. Do you mind my smoking? Do you mind my reading your paper?分词的时态和语态分词的时态和语态构成（以构成（以

11、study和和go为例）为例） 及物与不及物动词及物与不及物动词 语语态态 时态时态 类别类别 及及 物物 动动 词词 不及物动词不及物动词主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 主动语态主动语态现在分词现在分词一般式一般式 studying being studied going完成式完成式 having studied having been studied having going过去分词过去分词一般式一般式 studied 现在分词与过去分词的区别：现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动Do you know the wo

12、man talking to Tom?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.2. 时态上：时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成Developing country boiling waterDeveloped country boiled waterV-ing 形式作状语形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义让步、伴随或陪衬等含义, 相当于一个对应的状语从句相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思所表达的意思. Walking in the

13、 street, I came across an old friend.= When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend.Being ill, he didnt go to school.=As he was ill, he didnt go to school. Laughing and talking, they went into the classroom. （方式）（方式）If you use your head, you will find a way. Though weighing almost o

14、ne hundred jin, the box was lifted by him with one hand. We were sitting by the window,talking about what happened yesterday.(伴随）伴随）解析1.当当v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用发生在谓语动作之前，需用having done2. v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语=Using your he

15、ad, you will find a way.= Though it weighes 过去分词过去分词作状语作状语过去分词作状语，过去分词作状语，修饰谓语修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示或情景，表示时间时间、条件条件、原因原因、让步让步、伴随情况伴随情况等。等。一般说来，这一结构的一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语逻辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语。a、表示表示时间时间Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.b、表示表示条件

16、条件Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.c、表示表示原因原因d、表示表示伴随情况伴随情况e e、表示、表示让步让步Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.She walked out of the house,

17、followed by her little daughter.She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.被动式：被动式： being done 表示一个现在进行的完成动作。表示一个现在进行的完成动作。1.The building being repaired is our library.2.The question being discussed is very important.3. As we approached the village, we saw new houses being put up.完成式：完成式：having done 所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前