高考英语专题课件-写作基础[语言手段12种]

1、 写作的目的是考查考生整合信息和信息写作的目的是考查考生整合信息和信息表达表达,并用适当短语、句型等语言手段产生并用适当短语、句型等语言手段产生出连贯语篇的能力。现介绍十二种常用的语出连贯语篇的能力。现介绍十二种常用的语言表达手段言表达手段,这些语言手段在近年的广东高这些语言手段在近年的广东高考题中和各地模拟写作题中出现的频率非常考题中和各地模拟写作题中出现的频率非常高高, 掌握这些语言手段对提高写作能力一定掌握这些语言手段对提高写作能力一定帮助很大。帮助很大。同位语主要用于介绍人物、事物、地点、同位语主要用于介绍人物、事物、地点、产品、书名等。产品、书名等。典型例题典型例题 信息点信息点:书

2、名书名:Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother作者作者:Amy Chua, 美籍华人美籍华人, 耶鲁大学教授耶鲁大学教授中文版中文版:2011年初开始在中国销售年初开始在中国销售(2011年年广东高考广东高考)信息表达信息表达:A book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, written by Amy Chua, an American-Chinese, has been sold in China since the beginning of 2011. (Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother 作作a bo

3、ok的同位语的同位语, an American-Chinese 作作Amy Chua的同位语的同位语)1. 用同位语完成句子。用同位语完成句子。(1)去年去年, 我被邀请参加一个为我被邀请参加一个为“待援助的孩待援助的孩子子”(Tuesday Child)举办的一个狂欢节举办的一个狂欢节(carnival), “待援助的孩子待援助的孩子”是一个帮助艾是一个帮助艾滋患儿的组织。滋患儿的组织。Last year, I was invited to participate in a carnival for Tuesdays Child, _.课堂练习课堂练习 an organization tha

4、t helps children with AIDS(2) 离离2012年还有一个月时间年还有一个月时间, 但但孤星指南孤星指南(the Lonely Planet)等不及宣布来年十大旅游城等不及宣布来年十大旅游城市排行榜市排行榜,孤星指南孤星指南是世界最畅销旅游指南杂是世界最畅销旅游指南杂志之一。志之一。There is still more than one month to go before 2012. But the Lonely Planet, _ _ , cant wait to announce its top 10 cities totravel to in the comi

5、ng year. one ofthe worlds best-selling travel guides2. 信息点信息点:姓名姓名:Steve Jobs别名别名:苹果教父苹果教父(godfather)出生地出生地:美国美国 加州加州 三藩市三藩市(San Francisco)出生日期出生日期:1955年年2月月24日日逝世日期逝世日期:2011年年10月月5日日 信息表达信息表达:2. Steve Jobs, the godfather of Apple, was born in San Francisco, California, the USA on February 24th, 195

6、5 and passed away on October 5th, 2011. 典型例题典型例题1信息点信息点:效应效应:(这本书这本书)引发中美教育方式孰优孰劣的讨论引发中美教育方式孰优孰劣的讨论(2011广东广东)信息表达信息表达:The book has received a heated discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese and American educational ways.要用到的词语有很多要用到的词语有很多, 简单的有简单的有about, on, as to等等, 复杂的有复杂的有concern

7、ing, regarding, with respect to等。等。典型例题典型例题2 信息组合信息组合:演讲主题演讲主题:人与自然人与自然参赛选手参赛选手:10名学生名学生(2010全国卷全国卷I)信息表达信息表达:Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and the Nature”.1. 翻译翻译: 上周末我校在上周末我校在2600名学生中进行了名学生中进行了有关有关“幸福感幸福感”的相关问题调查。的相关问题调查。1. Last weekend, a survey about “The feeli

8、ng of happiness” was carried out (conducted) among 2600 students in our school. 课堂练习课堂练习 2. 翻译翻译: 最近最近, 你班就你班就“高三学生是否需要高三学生是否需要吃补品吃补品(tonics)来保持健康来保持健康”展开了讨论。展开了讨论。2. Recently we have had a discussion in a class meeting about whether Senior 3 students should take a lot of tonics to keep fit. 假如你是你校学

9、生会主席李华假如你是你校学生会主席李华, 现准备写现准备写一个关于演讲的通知。一个关于演讲的通知。演讲题目演讲题目:如何好好生活如何好好生活演讲时间演讲时间:下周六下周六演讲者演讲者:王教授王教授信息表达信息表达: Next Saturday Professor Wang will come to our school to give us a lecture on how to live well.3. 信息点信息点:可用短语如可用短语如according to sb.(根据某人的根据某人的看法看法),in my opinion /in my view(在我看在我看来来,我认为我认为),fr

10、om ones point of view(在在某人看来某人看来),as far as Im concerned(对我对我而言而言), as for(至于至于,就就而言而言)等等, 句句型有型有sb believes/ thinks/ claims,sb told us that.,sb pointed out that.(某人指某人指出出)等。等。专家解读专家解读(王教授王教授):学生近视学生近视(1)发生率发生率:略高于略高于50(2)人数人数:世界第一世界第一(2009广东广东)信息表达信息表达:According to Professor Wang, slightly more tha

11、n half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first inthe world. 典型例题典型例题 信息点信息点:2021/3/23161. 翻译翻译:我的看法是我们应保护自然资源我的看法是我们应保护自然资源,减减少环境污染。少环境污染。1. In my opinion, we should try to protect natural resources and decrease environment pollution. 2. 翻译翻译:依我看依我看, 合作需要有效的交流合作需要有

12、效的交流, 没有它人没有它人们会盲目地做事情。们会盲目地做事情。2. From my point of view, cooperation calls for effective communication, without which people will do things blindly. 课堂练习课堂练习 2021/3/23173. 要点组合要点组合:你的观点你的观点:微博微博(microblog)提供大量信息提供大量信息, 应根据个人情况谨慎使用应根据个人情况谨慎使用信息表达信息表达:As far as I am concerned, microblog provides us w

13、ith large quantities of information, so we should be cautious while using it according to our personal situation.2021/3/23181. 百分比的表达。如百分比的表达。如:(1)70% of. (2)seventy percent of. (3)70 percent of the.(注意注意:考生最易漏考生最易漏用用of)2. 其它一些比例的表达手段。如其它一些比例的表达手段。如:(1)一半一半:half of the. =fifty percent of the.(2)四分之一

14、四分之一(25%):a quarter of =25 percent of the.2021/3/2319(3)四分之三四分之三(75%):three quarters of =75 percent of the.3. 分数表达法分数表达法:分子是基数词分子是基数词, 分母是序数分母是序数词。如词。如:1/4:one fourth 2/3:two thirds 7/8:seven eighths 五个当中有三个五个当中有三个:three out of five,three in five2021/3/2320典型例题典型例题 信息点信息点:相关数据相关数据: (1)(目前中国目前中国)吸烟人数

15、吸烟人数: 约约3,5亿亿(2) 分布分布:男性男性75, 女性女性:25(2010广东广东)信息表达信息表达:Currently China has about 350 million smokers, among whom 75 percent are men and 25 percent are women.2021/3/23211. The survey shows that _ _(50%的学的学生生)gain happiness from the love of their parents or relatives and from the warmth of families.

16、课堂练习课堂练习 50% of thestudents2021/3/23222. In the study, _ _(800个个的青少的青少年中年中, 大约有大约有40%)who have been exposed to secondhand smoke had detectable hearing problems.the 800 teensaround 40% of2021/3/2323小学、初中、高中学校每天提供体育锻炼小学、初中、高中学校每天提供体育锻炼的分布情况的分布情况:小学小学:50%初中初中:30%高中高中:20%不提供锻炼的不提供锻炼的学校学校:十分之一十分之一信息表达信息表

17、达: _ primary schools, _ junior middle schools and 20% of senior high schools provide physical education each school day while _schools did not require physical education at all. one-tenth of50% of30% of3. 信息点信息点:2021/3/2324表表“排位排位”要用到的词语有要用到的词语有:rank +(the+)序数词序数词, be +the+序数词序数词, be+ in the +序序数词数词

18、+place或或 get the +序数词序数词+place等等; 也可以用也可以用“is the +形容词最高级形容词最高级+范围范围”来表达。来表达。2021/3/2325典型例题典型例题 信息点信息点:基本信息基本信息:(1)发生率发生率:略高于略高于50(2)人数人数:世界第一世界第一(2009广东高考广东高考)信息表达信息表达:According to Professor Wang, a little more than 50% of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in

19、the world.2021/3/2326课堂练习课堂练习 1. 翻译翻译:江苏卫视的江苏卫视的非诚勿扰非诚勿扰(You are the One)这个相亲节目的收视率排这个相亲节目的收视率排第一。第一。The ratings of Jiangsu TVs You are the One _among all the programs. ranks (the) first 2021/3/23272. 翻译翻译:东京大学东京大学(Todai)在所有的日在所有的日本大学排行榜中名列第一本大学排行榜中名列第一, 因为她的毕因为她的毕业生在大公司担任重要位置的数量很多。业生在大公司担任重要位置的数量很多

20、。Todai _among Japanese universities for the number of graduates who hold important positions in big companies.ranks the first2021/3/2328李娜的主要成绩李娜的主要成绩:(1)目前世界排名第四目前世界排名第四;(2)2011年年1月澳大利亚网球公开赛月澳大利亚网球公开赛(The Australian Open)亚军亚军;(3)2011年年6月法国网球公开赛月法国网球公开赛(The French Open)冠军。冠军。信息表达信息表达:The year 2011 h

21、as seen her achieve great success: she _ in the Australian Open in January and won the championship in the French Open in June, and _ in women tennis players in the world. 3. 信息点信息点:is now ranked No. 4got the second place2021/3/2329短语短语:advise sb to do.(劝某人做某事劝某人做某事)从句从句:(1) Sb suggests that. (2) Sb

22、 gives sb a suggestion that. (3) It is suggested that. (4) It is highly advisable that. (5) give sb some advice on.2021/3/2330典型例题典型例题 信息点信息点:专家解读专家解读:建议建议:(中小学生中小学生)不要过度用不要过度用眼眼;多参加户外活动多参加户外活动(2009广东高考广东高考)信息表达信息表达:He suggested that school children avoid overuse of their eyes and do more outdoor ac

23、tivities. 或或 He gave us a suggestion that school children should avoid overusing their eyes and take more outdoor activities. 2021/3/2331或或 School children are advised not to overuse their eyes but to take more outdoor activities.2021/3/2332课堂练习课堂练习 1. 翻译翻译:你对班上同学的建议你对班上同学的建议:学习时尤其是学习时尤其是听课时要充分利用眼、脑

24、、口、耳、手等听课时要充分利用眼、脑、口、耳、手等器官共同参与器官共同参与, 这样学习才更有效。这样学习才更有效。 _when studying, especially in class students should make full use of the brain, eyes, ears, hands, and other organs for joint participation, which will make their study more efficient.It is my suggestion that 2021/3/23332. 翻译翻译:因此我强烈地建议那些同学不要

25、沉因此我强烈地建议那些同学不要沉迷于这些网络活动而把更多的时间花到有意迷于这些网络活动而把更多的时间花到有意义的活动中去义的活动中去, 如锻炼身体。如锻炼身体。Therefore, I strongly _ _ get addicted to these online activities and spend more spare time on meaningful activities, such as taking exercise. advise those classmatesnot to2021/3/2334你给你给Jack的建议的建议:(1) 制定学习计划制定学习计划, 尽力把心

26、思放到学习上尽力把心思放到学习上;(2)多和同学交流学习经验多和同学交流学习经验, 以提高学习成绩。以提高学习成绩。信息表达信息表达:To improve your study, I think it is very important for you to make a good plan for you study and put your heart into study. Besides, _ you communicate with your classmates so that you can learn their experience and improve your own

27、study. 3. 信息点信息点:I suggest that2021/3/2335表示提示或提醒的表达有表示提示或提醒的表达有:Sb reminds / warns us that.(某人某人提醒我们提醒我们)Sb reminds / warns us(not)to do sth(某人提醒我们做某人提醒我们做/不要做某事不要做某事)2021/3/2336典型例题典型例题 信息点信息点:专家解读专家解读:(4)特别提示特别提示:如何握笔也和近视如何握笔也和近视有关有关(2009广东高考广东高考)信息表达信息表达:He particularly reminded us that how to h

28、old a pen is also related to short-sightedness.2021/3/2337课堂练习课堂练习 1. 翻译翻译:提醒大家不要轻易在网上透露个人提醒大家不要轻易在网上透露个人信息和不要随意打开不认识的人发来的文信息和不要随意打开不认识的人发来的文档。档。_to keep secret our personal information, including our real name, phone number, email address and so on, and not to open any files from a stranger.You are

29、 reminded2021/3/23382. 翻译翻译:Alex提醒我们不同国家的各种领提醒我们不同国家的各种领域的时事新闻不仅丰富我们的知识域的时事新闻不仅丰富我们的知识, 同时帮同时帮助我们明智地思考我们的人生。助我们明智地思考我们的人生。_ news and current affairs on various fields from different countries not only enrich our knowledge but also help us think wisely about our life. Alex reminds us that2021/3/23393

30、. 信息点信息点:温馨提醒温馨提醒:有效期有效期:一个半月一个半月; 过期后果自负。过期后果自负。信息表达信息表达: _ that you have to undertake the responsibility after one and a half month.We would like to remind you 2021/3/2340这种表达方式也有很多。如这种表达方式也有很多。如:1. be connected with/to 2. be related to3. be relative to 4. be relevant to5. have something to do wit

31、h 6. be in/with relation to7. be associated with 8. be linked to 9. be bound up with2021/3/2341典型例题典型例题 信息点信息点:专家解读专家解读:(4)特别提示特别提示:如何握笔也和近视有如何握笔也和近视有关关(2009年广东高考年广东高考)信息表达信息表达:He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also related to short-sightedness. (is related to 可用上可用上面所有的表达方式代替面所有

32、的表达方式代替)2021/3/2342课堂练习课堂练习 1. 翻译翻译:教育专家认为这事关教育公教育专家认为这事关教育公平的问题平的问题, 应从学生实际出发。应从学生实际出发。Educational experts think that this standard _ the educational fairness so it should be based on the reality of students.is connected with2021/3/23432. 翻译翻译:如果对老师的评价如果对老师的评价(evaluations)与学生的成绩联系起来的话与学生的成绩联系起来的话,

33、良好的教育良好的教育就成了一句空话。就成了一句空话。If teachers evaluations _ students grades, good education will just become empty talk. are connected to2021/3/23443. 信息点信息点:食品安全食品安全:最令人担忧的问题最令人担忧的问题, 与我与我们的健康息息相关。们的健康息息相关。信息表达信息表达:Food safety is the most worrying problem because it _ _our health.linked closely to is 2021/

34、3/2345表目的的表达手段很多表目的的表达手段很多, 用作不同的成分有不同的表达。用作不同的成分有不同的表达。1. 用谓语表达用谓语表达:aim/intend to do sth(目的是目的是, 旨在旨在)2. 用状语表达用状语表达:(1) so as to /in order to /in an effort to do.(为了做为了做某事某事)(2) with the purpose of doing sth(带着带着的目的的目的, 为了为了)(3) in hopes/the hope of(怀着怀着的希望的希望)(4) with dreams of doing(带着带着的梦想的梦想)(

35、5) with the goal of doing sth(目的是目的是)2021/3/23463. 用不定式作表语表达用不定式作表语表达:(1) The purpose of doing sth is to do.(做某做某事的目的是事的目的是)(2) Our goal is to do.(我们的目标我们的目标/的是的是)(3) The aim is to do.(目的是目的是)4. 用从句表达用从句表达:(1) so that.(以便以便)(2) in order that.(为了为了)(3) in the hope that.(怀着怀着的希望的希望)2021/3/2347典型例题典型例题

36、 信息点信息点:目标目标:所有室内公共场所无烟所有室内公共场所无烟实施时间实施时间:2011年年1月月1日起日起(2010广东广东)信息表达信息表达:This decision, which aims to make all indoor public places smoke-free, will come into effect from the first day of 2011.或或This decision, aiming to make all indoor public places smoke-free, will be carried out from January 1,

37、2011.2021/3/2348课堂练习课堂练习 1. 翻译翻译:为实现目标要采取的措施为实现目标要采取的措施:努力学努力学习考上理想的大学。习考上理想的大学。(2010四川四川)_, I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university. In order to reach the goal 2021/3/23492. 翻译翻译:这课的目的是为了体验中山大学的这课的目的是为了体验中山大学的生活生活, 我充分感觉到做大学生的美妙。我充分感觉到做大学生的美妙。_a

38、t Zhongshan University. I fully felt the sweetness of being a college student. The aim of the class was to experience life 2021/3/23503. 信息点信息点:“无车日无车日”(Car-free Day)是一项节能环保的活是一项节能环保的活动动活动时间活动时间:每年每年9月月22日日参与者参与者:全国全国108个城市个城市活动目的活动目的:提高人们节约能源与保护环境的意识提高人们节约能源与保护环境的意识信息表信息表达达:_, Car-free Day is launc

39、hed in 108 cities in China on September 22 every year. To raise public awareness ofenergy-saving and environmental protection2021/3/2351介词短语介词短语:because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, for the reason that+从句从句从句从句:because, as, since, so.that.句式句式:The reason for/why.is that. (的原因是的原因是)2021/3/2352典型例

40、题典型例题1. 你的偶像及理由。你的偶像及理由。(2007广东广东)As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol because his inventions have greatly changed our life. 2021/3/2353专家解读专家解读:(1)原因原因:很复杂很复杂(2)治疗治疗:没有哪一种药物能治愈近视没有哪一种药物能治愈近视(2009广东广东)信息表达信息表达:He also pointed out that the causes for short-sightedness are so complicated that no me

41、dicine can cure it.或或 Due to the complication of shortsightedness, no medicine can cure it, Professor Wang told us.2. 信息点信息点:2021/3/2354课堂练习课堂练习 1. 翻译翻译:由于他的精湛的技术由于他的精湛的技术, 他赢得最他赢得最有价值球员奖有价值球员奖, 并被选入棒球名人堂。并被选入棒球名人堂。_, he won the most valuable player award and was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame

42、.Because of his excellent skills2021/3/23552. 翻译翻译:部分大学为什么吸引力下降部分大学为什么吸引力下降:部分大学办部分大学办学质量差、学生上学学费高、毕业生就业难等。学质量差、学生上学学费高、毕业生就业难等。 _ some colleges have become less attractive _the educational quality of some colleges is poor, the tuition fee is high and its hard for college graduates to get jobs. 或或Du

43、e to the poor educational quality of some colleges, high tuition fees and difficult employment for college graduates, some colleges have become less attractive. is thatThe reason why2021/3/23563. 信息点信息点:人们饮食的变化原因人们饮食的变化原因:原因一原因一:人们富裕人们富裕,有钱买贵重食品有钱买贵重食品;原因二原因二:人们更加注意食品的质量人们更加注意食品的质量, 好好的食品对身体有益。的食品对身

44、体有益。2021/3/2357信息表达信息表达:Why are there changes in peoples diet? I think _. First of all, people are becoming rich and they have more money to buy more expensive food with better nutrition. The second reason is that people pay more attention to the quality of food, because they know good food is of gr

45、eat benefitto their health.there are two reasons2021/3/2358对比的表达手段也是常用的表达手段对比的表达手段也是常用的表达手段, 主主要有要有:1. while 2. in comparison to3. compared with/ to 4. in comparison5. in contrast 2021/3/2359典型例题典型例题 信息点信息点:偶像偶像(idol) 女生女生男生男生伟人伟人18%18%父母父母25%11%影视明星影视明星50%14%体育明星体育明星6%48%没有偶像没有偶像1%9%男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异

46、男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异(2007年广东年广东)信息表达信息表达:The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols, while 48% of the boys favour sports stars.2021/3/2360课堂练习课堂练习 1. 翻译翻译:相比球类运动和其它流行体育项目相比球类运动和其它流行体育项目, 慢跑更有效慢跑更有效, 且不那么耗时。且不那么耗时。_ball games and other popular sports, jogging is more efficient and less time-consuming.In comparison w