四六级考试阅读能力解析

1、http:/ http:/ 第一步骤，通读题干，划出反复出现的表达，这些表达是本文的topic词。l 如果有可能的话：也可以把选项当中反复出现的字眼划出来。http:/ 第二步骤：用skimming来阅读所有段落的第一句话，并和第一步骤得到的结果做个对应。l a.第一步骤结束后，尽量做到知道本文的topic和主要观点，水平好的同学可以预测文章结构和思路。l b. 第二步骤主要是为了印证第一步骤。http:/ 第三步骤：开始做题l a. 先判断题目类型l b. 水平好的同学可以predict一下correct answer。(how do we predict?)l c. 按照该题目类型特定的解

2、题方法来答题http:/ overstatel3）四个选项有一个选项有数字或者专有名词。l4）偏见或者冷漠的字眼。lbe biased against, be prejudiced against.lbe unconcerned aboutlbe indifferent tolbe unsympathetic aboutlbe aloof tolbe detached froml迷惑项：l1）偷换概念l2）张冠李戴l用的确实是文章的观点，但是回答不了题干的问题l3）就事论事l4）以偏概全l正确选项：l1）主旨原则题干反复出现的字眼; 正确选项的字眼; 每段的段首句反复出现的字眼l2）抽象原则l

3、3）柔和原则lmight, certain(某个，某些), some（某个，某些）partly, partially, part of, not completely, not entirely,lnot fully, not necessarilyhttp:/ a. 总分（总）型l b. 现象解释型（说明文、议论文）l c. 对比型(说明文、议论文）l d. 时间或者过程型。l e. 空间结构型l f. 陌生事物介绍型l g. 立论文l h. 驳论文l i. 记叙文（略）l j. 应用文（略）http:/ what does president bush think of tapping o

4、il in anwr?l a) it will exhaust the nations oil reserves.l b) it will help secure the future of anwr.l c) it will help reduce the nations oil imports.l d) it will increase americas energy consumption. l2. we learn from the second paragraph that the american oil industry _.l a) believes that drilling

5、 for oil in anwr will produce high yieldsl b) tends to exaggerate americas reliance on foreign oill c) shows little interest in tapping oil in anwrl d) expects to stop oil imports from saudi arabial3. those against oil drilling in anwr argue that _.l a) it can cause serious damage to the environment

6、l b) it can do little to solve u.s. energy problemsl c) it will drain the oil reserves in the alaskan regionl d) it will not have much commercial valuel4. what do the environmentalists mean by saying “not so fast” (line 1, para. 3)?l a) oil exploitation takes a long timel b) the oil drilling should

7、be delayedl c) dont be too optimisticl d) dont expect fast returnsl5. it can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath anwrs frozen earth _.l a) remains a controversial issuel b) is expected to get under way soonl c) involves a lot of technological problemsl d) will enable the u.s. t

8、o be oil independenthttp:/ a. 总分（总）型l b. 现象解释型（说明文、议论文）l c. 对比型(说明文、议论文）l d. 时间或者过程型。l e. 空间结构型l f. 陌生事物介绍型l g. 立论文l h. 驳论文l i. 记叙文（略）l j. 应用文（略）http:/ the trend toward casual dining has resulted in _.l a) bankruptcy of fine china manufacturersl b) shrinking of the pottery industryl c) restructuring

9、 of large enterprisesl d) economic recession in great britainl2. which of the following may be the best reason for casual dining?l a) family members need more time to relax.l b) busy schedules leave people no time for formality.l c) people want to practice economy in times of scarcity.l d) young peo

10、ple wont follow the etiquette of the older generation.l3. it can be learned from the passage that royal doulton is _.l a) a retailer of stainless steel tablewarel b) a dealer in stonewarel c) a pottery chain storel d) a producer of fine chinal4. the main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry

11、is _.l a) the increased value of the poundl b) the economic recession in asial c) the change in peoples way of lifel d) the fierce competition at home and abroadl5. refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life _.l a) are still a must on certain occasionsl b) are boun

12、d to return sooner or laterl c) are still being taught by parents at homel d) can help improve personal relationshipshttp:/ the author thinks that the conclusions of any research about peoples state of mind are _.l a) surprisingl b) confusingl c) illogicall d) questionablel2. what does the author me

13、an when he says, “we cant turn the clock back” (line 1, para. 3)?l a) its impossible to slow down the pace of change.l b) the social reality children are facing cannot be changed.l c) lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.l d) its impossible to forget the past.l3. according to an ana

14、lysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago _.l a) were less isolated physicallyl b) were probably less self-centeredl c) probably suffered less from anxietyl d) were considered less individualisticl4. the first and most important thing parents should do

15、 to help their children is _.l a) to provide them with a safer environmentl b) to lower their expectations for theml c) to get them more involved sociallyl d) to set a good model for them to followl5. what conclusion can be drawn from the passage?l a) anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.l

16、 b) childrens anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.l c) childrens anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.ld) anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.http:/ 段首句和段尾句l段首句和段尾句都是十分重要的地方,是作者表达中心思想和总结综述的地方,常出主题问题、细节问题和结构类问题。http:/ 转折与强对比l议论文和说明文都强调逻辑的严谨性，转折处是语义的重点。考生只

17、要看到转折或者对比的词汇，就要在原文进行圈点。http:/ however, on thelcontrary, yet, still, nevertheless,lon the other hand.lconversely, reversely, alternativelyl隐蔽的转折词：linstead, instead of (必考)lregardless of 不考虑lnow, recentlyl表示惊讶和出乎意料的词lunfortunately, unexpectedly,lremarkably, surprisinglyhttp:/ although, in/by contrast,

18、 as opposed to, differently, otherwise, even if, unlike, differ from, while, someothers, by/in comparison, nevertheless, in fact/effect/reality/practice, virtually, http:/ 因果句、因果段l含有表示因果关系的结构或者词汇的句子叫做因果句。l因果型段落的目的是解释“为什么”的段落。有两种形式：l一般会出细节题，或者细节推理题。http:/ because of, since, cause, lead to, consequenc

19、e, consequently, result , in that, owing to, for, reason, thanks to, due to, as, that is why, responsible for, attribute to, ascribe to, stem from, originate from, arise from, have roots in, play a role in therefore, hence, thus, so, accordingly, so that, give rise to, bring about, contribute to, br

20、eed, spell, mean, as a response to, as a reaction to, http:/ second, third, finally. 列举处常出的题型是细节题。http:/ in addition, first of all, furthermore, also, moreover, first, last of all, another, next, second, finally, what is more, besides, most important, worst of all, to make matters worsel常用于列举的名词有：lt

21、ypes, kinds, classes, categories, varietiesl常用于列举的动词有：lclassify, divide, break intohttp:/ 研究结果l研究结果往往以这样的句式进行: the study has shown that. 句子里含有重要的细节信息。除了show以外，考生还需要掌握的词汇有：reveal, indicate, demonstrate, illustrate, exemplify, manifest, find, discoverhttp:/ 人物观点词：believe, hold, insist, suggest, argue,

22、 assert, contend; 主系表结构；it is adj that.l表示建议的句型有：should, must, you can do .by doing something, it is advisable for you to do sth, at the top of the list, you canhttp:/ 最高级及表示重要的词汇处lmost, unique, only，important, critical, essentialhttp:/ 主旨题l定义：l一篇文章的主题和中心思想，从宏观角度概括文章大意。一般都是第一题或者最后一题。l答题方法：l对于段落少的文章，

23、可以把每段的段首句或者转折句进行语意相加。l对于段落多的文章，可以重点把握第一段的段首句或者转折句；以转折词开始的第二段（偶尔第三段）的段首句。最后一段的段首句和段尾句。http:/ 细节题l定义：题干里出现细节信息的题，考察重点信息。l答题方法：定位+理解+同义转述l定位分为模糊定位和精准定位。精准定位有两种方法：a.用定位词来定位 b.用答案信号词来确认。http:/ 2)数字 3）带有连词符的单词 4）稳定的重要名词 5）比较惹人注意的词汇；l答案信号词有十种。段首、段尾、强转折对比；因果；观点和建议；研究结果；最高级强调句重要词；修辞比喻；举例；列举。http:/ 细节推理题l定义：题

24、干中含有infer, imply, suggest, suggest字眼的细节题。l答题方法：定位+理解+推理l定位分为模糊定位和精准定位。精准定位有两种方法。以下内容同细节题（略去）http:/ 词句理解题l定义：问引号中的字词句是什么意思的题。l答题方法：找该字词句的上文，上文没有就考虑下文。不要选择和字词句本身意思接近的选项。http:/ 例证题l定义：问例子或者例子里的信息说明了什么的题。l答题方法：找例子前面的观点句，不要看例子里的信息。http:/ 信息筛选题（高考）l定义：在多个原文出现的细节信息中筛选出正确的信息。l答题方法：定位http:/ 数据计算题（高考）l定义：在多个数

25、字中找出正确答案。l答题方法：定位，根据句子信息进行加减。http:/ 指代题（托福）l定义：问代词指代什么l答题方法：找代词前面最近的单复数相同的名词。http:/ 态度题l定义：问作者或者文中某人对某事物或者事件的态度是什么。l答题方法：定位+具有褒贬含义的词汇。http:/ 判断题l定义：问下面哪个事实是对的，或者是错的。l答题方法：先用常识和主旨进行筛选，然后剩下的选项逐个回原文定位进行判断正误。http:/ 事件顺序题（高考）l定义：用序号来排列事情发生顺序。l答题方法：在阅读过程中，对重点的事实记笔记。http:/ 篇章结构题l定义：问下面的图哪个能反映本文的结构。l答题方法：把握

26、段首句和段落中的结构性过渡词。l13 修辞目的题l14 比较异同题http:/ 出题人：la. 通过词句理解题来考察。l b. 通过细节题来考察。l 考生需要掌握：l a. 考纲内的词汇量 。l b. 根据上下文猜测词义的能力。l c. 建立词汇本，收集 熟词生义，术语，成语，惯用语。http:/ 要求考生做到：l a. 通晓长难句常见类型。l b. 语法功底好，迅速找到主语谓语宾语等核心句子部分。http:/ 考生需要掌握：l a. 题干中可以用来作为定位词的词汇或词组表达。或者说定位词的特征都有哪些。l b. 段落常见的结构以及段落中重要信息的分布规律。http:/ 考生需要：l a. 语法基础扎实。l b. 词汇量充足。l b. 掌握同义转述的能力。http:/ 出题人：l 通过代词指代题来考察l 考生需要：l a.了解英语表达不喜重复前面所提名词，而喜欢换个同义词或者使用代词指代的特点。这点与汉语大相径庭。l b. 掌握代词指代题的答题方法。http:/ 出题人：l a.