初中语法名词和数词讲解练习含答案

1、一名词i. 名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名.地名.人名，团体.机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词     ii. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f

2、和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, henry-h

3、enrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes, negro-negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths,

4、 month-months, path-paths,2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数peo

5、ple, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力)

6、, greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)7表示“某国人”加-samericans, australians, germans, greeks, swedes, europeans单复数同形swiss, portuguese, chinese, japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenenglishmen, frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives,

7、stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants不可数名词复数的表达法iii. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1. s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father, jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys, wome

8、ns rights, 以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者dickens novels, charless job, the smiths house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加sjapans and americas problems, janes and marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sjapan and americas problems, jane and marys father表示某人家店铺，所有格后名词省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示时间todays news

9、paper, five weeks holiday 2表示自然现象the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示国家城市等地方的名词the countrys plan, the worlds population, chinas industry4表示工作群体the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5表示度量衡及价值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the lifes time, the plays plot7某

10、些固定词组a birds eye view, a stones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措)3. of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed双重所有格：一 将下列的名词变成复数形式。1book _ 2.duck _ 3.house _ 4.orange _ 5.class _ 6.box _

11、7.watch _ 8.bus _ 9.city _ 10.factory _ 11.country _ 12.family _ 13.hero _ 14.potato _ 15.tomato _ 16.photo _ 17.piano _ 18.knife _ 19.leaf _ 20.life _ 21.fish _ 22.sheep _ 23.foot _ 24.tooth _ 25.man _ 26.woman _ 27.fireman_ 28.policeman _ 29.postman _ 30.child _ 31.mouse _ (    ) 1.

12、 these _ have saved many children's lives.a. woman doctors    b. women doctor   c. women doctors    d. woman doctor(    ) 2. there are many         on the mountain.a. apple tree    

13、    b. apples trees       c. apples tree    d. apple trees(    ) 3. this is _bedroom. the twin sisters like it very much.a. anne and jane         b. anne's and jane'sc. anne'

14、;s and jane        d. anne and jane's(    ) 4. -are there any _ on the farm?-yes, there are some.a. horse      b. duck      c. chicken     d. sheep(    ) 5. -wha

15、t would you like to drink, _ or orange?-orange, please.a. hamburger      b. chip       c. tea       d. cakes(    ) 6. - they are thirsty. will you please give them _ ?- certainly.a. some bottles of wa

16、ters       b. some bottles of waterc. some bottle of water          d. some bottle of waters1.c2.c3.c4.d5.d6.c 1 last night, there was a food accident. the _ were ill, but no_ were lost.a. child, lives    

17、 b. children, life     c. children, lives    d. child, life2. -this is a photo of _ when they were young.-ok, how happy they both looked! a. my father and mother             b. my mother and father's c

18、. my mother's and father's           d.my father's and my mother3. the new student is in _ , grade two.   a. class third     b. third class     c. class three     

19、 d. three class4. today is september 10th. it's _ day. let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.  a. teachers       b. teachers'       c. the teachers'       d. teacher's5. the ma

20、rket isn't far from here. it's only _ bicycle ride.  a.half an hours'    b. half an hour's     c. half an hour      d. an hour and a half6. - what would you like to drink, girls?  - _, please.  a.two cup of co

21、ffee       b. two cups of coffe  c. two cups of coffee      d. two cups of coffees7. during christmas, people get together and sing christmas songs for _.  a. fun         b. wishes  

22、60;    c. interest       d. thanks8. some _ are flying kites near the river.  a. child        b. boy       c. boys        d. childs9. after the exam,

23、we'll have_ holiday.  a. two weeks    b. two-weeks    c. two weeks'     d. two week's10. they are those _ bags.please put them on the bus.  a. visitor      b. visitors      

24、  c. visitor's          d. visitors'数词：数词分为基数词和序数词：基数词：表示数量的多少。如：one, two, three等序数词：表示排列顺序。如：first, second, third等基数词和序数词的总结：基数词 序数词onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteentwe

25、ntythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetyone hundredone thousand数词的应用：（时间、年月日、数学运算）1） 读时间：a. 你知道整点的时间怎么读吗？ 如：6：00 12:00 （直接读小时，也可以在后面加上oclock） b.不是整点的时间： 8:10 4:45 (直接表达法，先读小时，再读分钟) 3:05 6:01 （当分钟数在十分钟以下时，需要在小时和分钟之间加上“o”,读字母o的发音）我们也可以用间接表达法，即借助某些单位和介词来表达。每15分钟为一刻钟，英语是a quarter.每30分钟是半个小时，英语是half.少

26、于30分钟用past表示。大于30分钟用to表示，但是时钟数要加1.8:30 12:15 10:20 3:45 3:502） 你会读年月日吗？ a. 读年份 1997 1999 1936 （一般年份的读法是先读前面两个数字，再读后面两个数字） 2008 1900 2003 17000 （“千年”那个世纪里的年份的读法与读基数词的方法相同） b. 年、月、日一起读 （在英语中，习惯先说月份和日期，最后说年份，其中日期是用序数词来表示的） 1987年2月25日 写： 读：2008年8月8日写： 读：3） 表达数学运算 and 或plus 表示加；minus表示减；times表示乘；divided

27、by表示除5+3=8 读作：5-3=2 读作：5×3=15读作：6÷3=2 读作：5×3=？读作练习：1、 用英语表示下列电话号码1、70735792、80179653、5287186二写出下列基数词的序数词 1. two 2. three 3. four 4. five 5. eight 6. nine 7. twelve 8. twenty 9. thirty10. forty 11. twenty-seven 12. ninety三. 选择填空1. there are _days in a week.a. the seven b. seventh c sev

28、en2. _lesson is much easier than the sixth lessona. the fifth b. eighth c. fourth3. august is the _month in a year.a. seventh b. eight c. fourth4. there are _minutes in an hour. a. sixty b. sixteen c. six5. my brothers are in grade_.a. five b. fifth c. the fifth6. whats the time now? its _.a. half p

29、ast six b.sixth oclock c. sixth7. i think that the _century(世纪) will bring us more hopes.a. seven b. five c. the seventh8. whats six and one? its _a. seven b. five c. the seventh四根据所给出的汉语意思，完成下列句子。1. what time is it? its _(十点半)2. there are _(七十辆公共汽车) in the bus station.3. _(第九个男孩) is jimmy.4. how ma

30、ny birds can you see in the sky? i can see _(八只)。5. my father is _(五十四岁)。6. susan is in _(三年级)。7. mr. black is _(第一个) to come here.8. lets learn _(第六十课)。konce(从前)there was a king. he was very rich(富有)and_1_ great power(权力). but he wasnt happy. he was _2_ .it made him feel sad all the time. no doctor

31、 knew _3_ was wrong with him. one day one of them _4_ him, “after much thought and study, i have found out that there is only one way for you to get_ 5_ .you must wear the shirt of a happy man. ”so the king sent(派)his men to every part of his land_ 6_ a happy man. first, they visited the rich and po

32、werful(有权势的人). they asked these people if(是否)they were happy, _7_each of them answered that they didnt know _8_real happiness meant(意味). one day, one of the kings men met a woodcutter. “are you happy? ”asked the kings men. “as happy as the day is long, ”answered the woodcutter. “oh, good! ”said the

33、man, “_ 9_me your shirt. ”“why? ”said the woodcutter, “i havent got _10_.”ceveryone likes living in a clean and comfortant environment. if the envionment(环境) are bad, it will affect（影响）our body, and make us not feel well. sometimes we may be terribly ill. at that time we dont want to work, and we ha

34、ve to stay in bed and rest at home. so the envrionment is very important to us. its germs that makes us ill. there are germs everywhere, they are very small and you cant find them with your own eyes, but you can see them with a microscope（显微镜）they are very small and there may be hundreds of them on

35、a very small thing, germs can always be found in dirty water. when we look at dirty water under the microscope, we shall see them in it. germs can also be found in air and dust（灰尘）. if you cut your finger, some of the dust from the floor may go into it, and you will have much pain in it. sometimes t

36、he germs will go into all of your boby, and you will have pain everywhere. to keep us healthy, we should try to our best to make our environment become cleaner and tidier. this needs us to act together.31.the writer tell us that_.a. we like working when we are ill b. germs cant live in the water. c.

37、 we cant feel ill if the environment is bad. d. we feel well when the environment is good. 32.germs are_.a. very small things that you cant see with your eyes.b. the things that dont effect people. c. the things that you can find with your eyes.d. the things that are very big.33. where can germs be found? they can be found_.a. on the small thing b. in air and dustc. only in dirty water d