上海版牛津英语8BUnit4知识点梳理配套双基

1、八年级第二学期牛津英语知识点梳理及配套练习Unit 4A New Newspaper知识点梳理：I 词组1soon after不久之后2publish a newspaper出版一份报纸3hold a meeting举行会议4write a report about sth. for sb.就某事写一篇报告给某人5after school放学后6at the next meeting在下一次会议上7decide to do决定做某事8elect sb. to be sth.选某人做,9the chief editor主编10vote for sb.投票给某人11take charge of负责

2、,12ought (not) to = should (not)应该13ask for suggestions征求建议14class / school newspaper班 /校报15the Reading Club读书俱乐部16take notes做记录，做笔记17different sections of the newspaper报纸的不同栏目18talk sth. over with sb. = discuss sth. with sb.与某人讨论某事19make a list of sth.列出 , 的清单20be free to sb.对某人是免费的21pay sb. money

3、for sth.为 , 付给某人钱22have different ideas意见各异23a bit longer(时间 )久一点24make a decision about sth.做决定25agree to do同意做某事26agree with sb.同意某人27agree on sth.在 , 上达成一致28conclude the meeting结束会议29in one week ?s time = in a week一个星期后II. 词性转换1.consider(v.) 考虑(in)considerate ( a.) (不 )体谅人的2.publish(v.) 出版publish

4、ing (n.) 出版publisher(n.) 出版者 (社 )3.edit (v.) 编辑editor(n.)编辑4.choice(n.) 入选者choose chose chosen (v.)选择5.vote(v.)投票voter(n.)投票人6.elect(v.)选举elector(n.) 选举人election (n.) 选举7.suggest (v.) 提议suggestion( n.) 建议8.experience(n.) 经验experienced(a.) 有经验的9.brief(a.)简短的briefly ( ad.)简短地10.decide(v.) 决定decision (

5、 n.) 决定11.conclude(v.) 结束conclusion( n.) 结论12. responsible (a.) 有责任的 responsibility ( n.) 责任13. (dis)agree (v.) (不 )同意 (dis)agreement ( n.) ( 不 )同意14.read(v.) 阅读reader( n.) 读者III. 语言点1. Soon after the term started, some Grade Eight students at Mayfield School wanted to publish a newspaper.soon after

6、 意为“不久之后，稍后” 。即可作副词短语，用作时间状语；也可作连接词，引导时间状语从句。2. They held a meeting.句中的 hold 作动词，意为“举行” 。此处 hold 可用 have 代替。3. We elected Joyce to be the chief editor.elect 此处意为“选举，推选”。elect sb. to be 意为“选举某人担任 , （职务）”也可表示为 : elect sb. as 4. Tony suggested that we should choose Joyce, because she has experience.句中

7、experience 作不可数名词，意为“经验” 。当作不可数名词时，意为“经历” 。 have experience 可意为 be experienced。5. Then Joyce took charge of the meeting.句中的 charge 为名词，意为“任务，责任”。常见的搭配有： take charge of 和 in charge of 。此处 take charge of 与 be in charge of 与 be responsible for 可替换。6. She said that we ought to elect a secretary next.oug

8、ht to 是个助动词，意为“应该” ，与 should 同意。7. She asked for suggestions.ask sb. for.,suggestion 意为“建议” ，为可数名词；与advice 的不同之处在于，advice 为不可数名词。8. Joyce told them to talk it over among themselves.句中 talk sth. over 是“详细讨论”的意思，也可用“discuss sth.”来表示。9. Should it be free to readers, or should they pay for it?free 意为“免费

9、的” ， be free to sb.意为“对 , 免费” pay for 意为“付款” 。【比较】 spend, cost, take, pay(1)spend 的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb.) spend some money/some time on sth.(sb.) spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.(2)take 常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语it 或物。句式是：It takes/took sb.some time to do sth Sth.takes sb.some time.(3) pay 为 “付款、

10、赔偿 ”之意，主语通常是人，往往是sb. pays some money for sth 或 pay sb.(some money for sth)例如：(4) cost 的主语必须是某物。常用用法是sth.cost (sb.) some money。10. We all had different ideas, and so Joyce said that we should think about this a bit longer. have different ideas 意为“意见各异” 。a bit 意为“一点” 。1） a bit 不能直接修饰名词，须用 a bit of 。 2

11、）a bit 可修饰形容词及形容词副词的比较级，作程度状语。11. We agreed to conclude the meeting then.agree to do something 意为“同意做某事” ；agree with 意为“同意，赞成 , ”，后接表示人或意见观点的词； agree on/upon/about 意为“在某方面达成一致意见” 。IV. 语法情态动词一、主要特征。情态动词后的动词都用原形。构成疑问句，通常把情态动词放在主语前；构成否定句，not 放在情态动词之后，其缩写形式为can?t, mustn?t, needn?t, shouldn?t 等。二、主要用法。1.

12、 用 can, could 和 be able to 表示能力。(1) can 意为“能够” ，否定形式为cannot 或can?t 。如： He can speak five foreign languages.(2) could 是 can 的过去式。因此，对于过去的时间（如can 或 can?t，而用 could 和 couldn?t。如： When I was young, I could run very fast.(3) be able to 一般可以代替can，也可以表示能力。但yesterday, last week 等），我们不用 can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时(coul

13、d ）,而 be able to 则有更多的时态形式。如： My little brotherhas been able to write.2. 用 must 与 mustn?t, have to 与 don?t have to, needn?t 表示义务。(1) must 用以表示“必须做某事”或“一定要做某事” ，具有强制性，表示一定的责任或义务。如： The windows are very dirty. Imust clean them.(2) mustn?t 是 must 的否定形式，表示“禁止；绝不允许” ，具有强制性。如： You mustntplay football in t

14、he street.(3) must 没有过去时，要表达过去的含义，我们可使用had to 代替 must。此外， have to 侧重这种“义务”或“责任”源于某种客观情况或规定，并非说话者本人能够控制。如： We missed the last bus, so we had to walk home.(4) don ?t have to 与 needn?t 是“不必”的意思，没有强制性。两者意思相近，但在使用时，前者有人称、时态的变化；后者没有人称变化，而且一般表示现在时间的含义。如： It has just rained, so he doesnthave to water the ga

15、rde(n.)You needntswim in the sea. We have a swimming pool in our hotel.(5) must 用于一般疑问句中，其肯定和否定回答应引起注意。如： Must we go now?我们一定要走吗？- Yes, we must.是的，我们一定要走。- No, we mustnt.不，我们不可以走。Must I finish the work this week?我一定要在这星期完成这项工作吗？- Yes, you must.是的，你一定要完成。- No, you neednt.不，你不一定要完成。从以上例子中可以看出， 用 must

16、提问的一般疑问句，否定回答并不一定是 mustn?t。根据实际含义和情况，我们需要正确选用mustn?t 或 needn?t 来回答。3.用 can, could 与 may 表示“许可” 。(1)在请求对方的许可，或是准许你做某事时，常用情态动词can, could 和 may。can 最为常用； could 较为婉转，更有礼貌；may 则比较正式。如： Can I open the window?- Yes, you ca(n.) / No, you can ?t.Could I borrow a pencil, please?-Yes, certainly. / No, I?m afra

17、id not.May I leave early today?- Yes, you may. / No, you may not.(2) 表示给予许可时，通常用 can 或 may，而不用 could。如： Could I borrow a pencil?- Of course you ca(n.)May I sit here?- No, you may not.4.用 can, could 与 would 表示“请求” 。当我们需要别人的帮助时， 常使用 can, could 和 would 这三个情态动词进行提问，但在回答时， could 和 would 则很少使用。如： Can you

18、open the window?- Yes, I ca(n.)Could you pass me the salt, please?- Yes, certainly.Would you help me carry my suitcase?- No, I?m afraid not.常见的肯定回答： Of course I ca(n.) / OK. / All right.常见的否定回答： I?m afraid I can ?t / Of course not.5.用 must 和 can?t 表示“猜测” 。(1) must 表示说话者对某事的发生或情况很有把握，意为“肯定；一定”。如： Her

19、 flat is very near Xujiahui. It must be very noisy.(2) can?t 表示说话者有相当的把握确定某事不会发生，意为“不可能”。如： You?ve just had lunch. You cantbe hungry.6.用 should 和 ought to 表示“义务”和“建议” 。(1) should 和 ought to 表示应该做某事，或做某事的动机是正确的。一般可以相互替换。如： You should / ought to put your rubbish in the bi(n.)(2) ought to 的否定形式为 ought

20、not to 或 oughtn?t to。构成疑问句， 把 ought 提前至主语前。如： You ought not to watch TV for too long.Ought we to discuss the work now?(3) should 和 ought to 用在疑问句中时，常用来询问他人的见解或建议。如： Ought I to finish my homework now?- Yes, you ought to.(4) should 和 must 的区别在于：前者多用于劝说他人的错误行为或给予他人一些建议，不具备强制性；而后者意为“必须” ，用于规定或约束他人的行为，具有

21、强制性。如： You shouldntbe cruel to animals.You mustntpark you car here. Drive it away immediately.(5) should 和 ought to 常与动词think 连用。如： I think Carol should buy some new clothes.It?s late. I think I ought to go home now.宾语从句一、概念。在句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。二、语序。宾语从句的构成为“引导词+ 主语+

22、谓语+ 其他”，其语序是陈述句语序。三、引导词。1. 如从句是陈述句，用连接词 that 引导（ that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略） 。如： We know (that) there are two kinds of sports.2. 如从句是特殊提问句，用连接副词why, when, where, how 或连接代词 who(m), what,which 引导。如： Do you know why I like team sports?I don ?t know how they got the tickets.3. 如从句是一般疑问句， 用连接词 whether 或 if 引导（口语

23、中常用 if ）。if 和 whether意为“是否”。如； I don?t know whether / if they have decided on the date of the meeting.4. 如从句是选择疑问句，多用连接词whether 引导，特别是与or not 连用时。如： I don?t know whether they will come for our help or not.四、时态。1. 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： I tell him that I moved to Beijing last year.I have heard

24、that he will come back next week.2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态也要用过去的某种时态。如： He said that there were no classes yesterday.Tom told me that he would have a birthday party.3. 如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、 自然现象等时， 不管主句是什么时态， 从句都要用一般现在时。如： The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.五、从句的简化。1.当主句谓语动词是find, se

25、e, watch, hear 等感官动词时，从句可简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to 的不定式或 v-ing 形式。如： She found that the wallet lay on the ground.- She found the wallet lie on the ground.I heard that the birds were singing in the tree.- I heard the birds singing in the tree.2.当主语谓语动词是wish, decide, plan, agree, hope 等，且主句和从句的主语相同时，从句可简化为

26、不定式结构。如： She agreed that she could help me with my Maths.- She agreed to help me with my Maths.3. 在连接副词 /代词引导的宾语从句中， 当从句的主语和主句的主语或和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接副词/代词 +不定式”的结构。如： I haven?t decided when I will leave for Beijing.- I haven ?t decided when to leave for Beijing. Can you tell me how I can get to the

27、 station?- Can you tell me how to get to the station?4. 在 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句中，当主句和从句的主语相同时，从句有时也可简化为“ whether + 不定式”的结构。如： I am not sure if I will go with you.- I am not sure whether to go with you.He doesn?t know whether he will stay here or not.- He doesn?t know whether to stay here or not.Exerc

28、ises for Chapter 4I. Choose the best answer ( 选择最恰当的答案，用A 、 B、 C 或 D 表示，填入空格内。)() 1. Every time we met difficulties, we asked our teachers _ advice.A. aboutB. forC. ofD. with() 2. The problem should be _ carefully before they concluded the meeting.A. talked overB. talked toC. talked withD. talked ab

29、out() 3. The Chinese people expect that the 2010 EXPO _ successfully in Shanghai.A. will be taken placeB. will happenC. will holdD. will take place() 4. The members of the group _ me to take charge of _ notes.A. decided, takingB. elected, takingC. decided, takeD. elected, take() 5. If you have tried

30、 your best, you _ worry about anything.A. can ?tB. needn?t toC. needn?tD. mustn ?t() 6. Who would like to make me a list _ the activitiesyou will do duringyoursummer holiday?A. withB. ofC. forD. among() 7. Now that the newspaper is _, why don ?t we each have one copy?A. briefB. chiefC. paidD. free()

31、 8. Would you please tell us _?A. what you will make an arrangement tomorrowB. that you will make an arrangement tomorrowC. how you will make an arrangement tomorrowD. how will you make an arrangement tomorrow() 9. _ Tom graduated from his university, he got a job as a reporter.A. Soon afterB. Since

32、C. AsD. Though() 10. We all agree _ what you said. Let do as you said.A. atB. onC. withD. about() 11. You will have to _ the landlady 100 dollars _ the rent.A. cost, onB. spend, inC. use, forD. pay, for() 12. There are twentybooks on the shelf. Some are in English, _ are inChinese.A. othersB. the ot

33、hersC. otherD. another() 13. The teacher told us that we _ on a holiday next weekends.A. goB. wentC. will goD. would go() 14. She fell ill yesterday. She is _ worse today.A. veryB. littleC. everD. a bit() 15. I _ do the work myself. No one wants to help me.A. have toB. canC. mustn?tD. need() 16. My

34、parents decided to _ me to Disneyland in Hong Kong. I am lookingforward to _ with them soon.A. take, goB. taking, goingC. taking, goD. take, going() 17.My father often _ newspapers at breakfast when he once lived in London.A. seesB. looksC. looks atD. reads() 18.A: _ does your brother do a haircut?B

35、: I?m not clear, maybe once a month.A. How soonB. How muchC. How oftenD. How long() 19.We considered the question for a long time. The underlined part means _.A. thoughtB. solvedC. thought overD. thought of() 20.Our meeting concluded at 10 p.m. The underlined part means _.A. finishB . came to an end

36、C. endD. startedII. Complete the sentences with the given words box in their proper forms （用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子）1. They told me that they would consider the problem and let us know their_(decide).2. We can make a _ (suggest) by asking ,Why not do something? or by saying ,Let?s do something. ?3. In Ch

37、ina and some English-speaking countries, we shake our heads to show _. (agree)4. I?m the _ (nine) one from the left in the photo.5. It?s time for us to finish our _. (discuss)6. In _ (briefly), he is an honest man. You can trust him.7. My holiday is full of different kinds of _. (experience)8. The o

38、ld _ (edit) often gives suggestions about how to run a newspaper.9. China Daily has a large number of _ (read).10. He finished all the work by _ (he) in a week.III. Rewrite the sentences as required（按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词）1.The newspaper ought to give a report on it in details. ( 改为否定句 )The newspaper _ to

39、give a report on it in details.2.The room can hold 100 people. ( 划线提问 )_ people can the room hold?3.The publishing house publishes children ?s books. (划线提问 )_ the publish house publish?4.All Lucy ?s friends voted for her. ( 划线提问 )_ all Lucy ?s friends vote _ ?5.Have you decided what events to take p

40、art in? ( 改为宾语从句 )Could you tell me _ _ decided what events to take partin ?6.We have an important meeting to attend, _ _? (改为反意疑问句 )7.The news he told me was exciting. ( 改为感叹句 )_ news he told me!8.You mustn?t throw paper here and there. (改为同义句 )You _ _ to throw paper here and there._ paper here and

41、 there.IV . Cloze Text:A) Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语，完成短文 . ）Most Americansdon?t like to get advice from members oftheir family.when they needadvice, they don?t usually ask people they know.1, many Americanswriteletters tonewspapers and magazines which2advic

42、eonmanydifferentsubjects,including3 , the use of language, health, cooking, child4, clothes, and5to buy a houseor a car.Most newspapers generally print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters,there are answers6by people who are thought toknowhow to solve such problems.some ofthese

43、 writersare doctors;7are lawyers or educators. But two of the mostfamous writers of advice are women without special training for this kind of work.() 1.A. InsteadB. ButC. Instead ofD. Though() 2.A. receiveB. takeC. getD. give() 3.A. situationsB . weatherC. plansD. family problems() 4.A. attendB. ca

44、reC. nurseD. notice() 5.A. howB. whatC. whichD. why() 6.A. calledB. namedC. sentD. written() 7.A. otherB. othersC. anotherD. the otherB) Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。）The first newspapers were w_ by hand and put up on walls in public p

45、laces.The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59BC. In the 7th century, the world ?s firstprinted newspaper was p_. Europe didn ?t have a regularly (有规律地 ) publishednewspaper u_1690, when on was started in Germany.the f_ regularly published newspaper in the English language was published inLondon and was published once a w_. The first dailyEnglish newspaper was the“Daily Current ?. It came out in March 1702.Today, as a group, English language newspaper have the largest circulation( 发行量 ) in thew_. But the largest circulationfor a newspaper is the Japanese newspaper ,Asahishi