短文改错知识点总结

1、短文改错知识点总结短文改错测试点一.语法主要测试动词时态和语态，非谓语动词和短语动词；名词.代词的各种形式，形容词和副词以及比较等级的用法；连词.冠词.介词；主谓一致；简单句.并列句和复合句，以及倒装.省略句等。 二.是在行文逻辑方面，主要考查人物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的数量及相应的物主代词，句子的并列.递进.转折.因果关系；时间的先后顺序等 .错误类型1.冠词的多用、少用和误用 2.名词单复数的误用及近义词的混用 3.代词指代不一致的错误或代词使用不当4.主谓不一致的错误 5.动词的时态和语态的误用 6.非谓语动词的误用 7.形容词和副词的混用及其比较等级的误用 8关联词和平行结构的误用

2、9.固定搭配，习惯用法与介词的误用 10.冗词的多用设错方式 一、动词形1. 动词的时态和语态错误2. 主、谓不一致的错误3. 谓语与非谓语误用4. 非谓语动词的误用动词置于句首 首先看有没有并列连词and /or /otherwise, 有就考虑是祈使句 没有，就考虑非谓语动词 再看有没有(,)，有就考虑分词作状语，没有就考虑动名词/不定式作主语例Review what happened in the past helps me succeed in the future. Reviewing常接不定式的形容词 be glad to do be eager to do be anxious

3、to be ready to do及物动词后有by，in，with，to 先辨是谓语还是非谓语，考虑被动语态和过去分词 be located /situated in位于 be absorbed in被吸引/专心于 be involved in参与/牵涉到/专心于 be lost in沉迷于 be mixed with与混合 be covered with为覆盖 be lined with排列 be surrounded with环绕 be faced with面临 be combined with 联合 be connected with联系 be compared to /with与相比

4、be addicted to沉迷于 be related to与有关系无被动语态的动词 不及物动词没被动语态，不接宾语，非谓语动词常用ing happen /take place /occur lie /exist date from /back to belong to consist of die sound /look /feel /taste /smell练习1.I moved by their encouraging words and I studied even harder. was2.Facing with many problems, the new government

5、is having a hard time. Facted3.Bury in his work, Tom didnt notice me enter the room. Buried4.Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, our large fully-equipped Locatedapartment meets all their needs.5.We were driving in the country when the car stop working. stopped6.Mary ,as well as her siste

6、rs study Chinese in China. studies7.I saw the boys played games on the bank of the lake when I passed. playing8.I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the seeingchanging colors of the leaves on the trees. 9.Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now?

7、do主谓一致 动名词/不定式/主语从句作主语 many /many a The number of与A number of some /the rest /分数 /百分数 + n not onlybut also /eitheror /neithernor只能使用过去时的时间状语 last week /year /night just now the other day in the past yesterday例Last Saturday, our school had organized all of the Senior I students to visit the children

8、at a local orphanage二、名词数 可数与不可数、单复数错用 名词的格的误用 前后修饰语的误用 名词前冠词的误用不可数名词前的修饰语 只能接不可数：little, much, a great deal of, a great /large amount of 接可数与不可数：some, any, a lot of /lots of a piece of必须接复数的修饰语 many few a large /great number of large /great numbers of these those several例The food was wonderful with

9、 reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish.dishes advice忠告 information信息 news消息 knowledge知识 work工作 homework家庭作业 progress 进步 baggage /luggage行李 damage损害 furniture家具 equipment设备 weather天气 money金钱 change零钱 experience经验 juice饮料 cloth布 clothing衣服 paper纸 sand沙 wood木头 courage勇气 rubbish垃圾 food食物

10、bread面包 beer啤酒 wine葡萄酒 coffee咖啡 tea茶 milk牛奶 water水 do damage /harm /good to get /be close to nature protect the environment send sth into space the universe make progressof + 抽象名词 importance significance value help use interest have /find /feel interest in with pleasure /joy /delight be in trouble /

11、difficulty be in danger with difficulty in surprise /anger take pride in例Apart from the convenient public transportation, our own car can also take them to some nearby places of interests. interest抽象名词具体化 danger(危险)a danger(一件危险的事或一个危险的人) experience经验an experience一次经历 failure失败a failure一位失败者，一件失败的事

12、success成功a success一位成功者，一件成功的事 knowledge知识a good knowledge对精通/熟知 surprise惊奇a surprise一件令人吃惊的事 pleasure快乐a pleasure一件愉快的事例He was a complete failure as a teacher, but he has made great success of his business.必须用复数 make friends /enemies with one of my friends in public places必须用单数 have a good command

13、/knowledge of特殊名词的修饰语 price /cost sth population number high /low cheap /expensive large /small (many错)不带冠词的名词 go to school at school go to church at church send sb to hospital in hospital throw /put sb in prison in prison work in a school /a hospital /a prison go to the school /the hospital to see

14、sb have lunch /breakfast /supper have /find /feel interest in to ones surprise /joy /delighta & an an hour an honest man a university student a one-year-old boy a useful book练习1.We can find a lot of informations on the Internet. information2.Different people speak different language. languages3.

15、The man is a friend of my father. fathers4.I wont take this jacket, for its price is very expensive. high5.When a child is five in England or Wales, his parents must send him to the school .6.After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened . an7.An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the s

16、ea between France and England in the balloon in 1784 . a8.I gained so much confidence that I went back to school as new person . a9.With coming of spring, grass and trees turn green . the三、形容词和副词看修饰语 形容词和副词的误用 原级，比较级和最高级的误用。 形容词(作定语) 修饰 名词 系动词 + 形容词(作表语) 副词(作状语) 修饰 形容词/副词 副词(作状语) 修饰 动词 副词(作状语) 修饰 整个

17、句子半系动词 状态保持：keep, remain, stay, lie, stand 结果是，证明是：prove, turn out 感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste, look 似乎好像：seem, appear 状态变化：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 练习1.Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. wonderful2.He knows me so good that he can recognize my foot steps. well3.T

18、his river isnt as longer as that one. long常见评注状语 fortunately幸运的是 unfortunately不幸的是 luckily幸运的是 unluckily不幸的是 generally /honestly /frankly speaking一般/老实/坦率地说 more /most importantly更/最重要的是 worse still /whats worse更糟糕的是 词性错误：评注状语该用副词, 错点用形容词； 意义错误：评注状语表达了对自己要说的话的态度，错点用与后文意义不一致的副词练习1.Fortunate，there are

19、 too many people in my family. Unfortunately2.Luck enough, I have caring teachers and friendly classmates. Luckily3.But most important, public awareness of sharing and caring is to be further importantlyPromoted. adj. &adv.adv.deepdeeplywidewidelyhighhighly具体的可以测量的抽象的不可测量的adj. &adv1.wide /wi

20、dely the wide use of computers (adj.) be widely used /accepted open your eyes /mouth /the door wide2.high /highly sing high praise for(adj.) fly /jump /climb high sing high and clearly speak /think highly of praise sb highly highly developed /successful3.deep /deeply take a deep breath(adj.) breathe

21、 deeply leave /make /create a deep impression on(adj.) be deeply impressed study sth deeply learn deep into the night dive deep into the water.比较级常错点 要避免比较级重复使用。 要避免比较级与同级比较混用。 要注意比较级表示最高级中表述的准确。 要注意比较的对象要一致。练习1.He is more cleverer than his brother.2.China is larger than any country in Asia. other3.

22、Marys spoken Chinese is better than her sister sisters4.As a result, we dont write as better as we did in the past. well5.Tom is the most diligent student I have never met. ever6.I have ever met a more diligent student than Tom. never四、代词 人称代指代要清楚，主格、宾格、名词和形容词性物主代,反身代词。 不定代词的误用及混用 反身代词：放在动词介词之后，作宾语，

23、表示动作作用于主语本身myselfhimselfherselfyourselfourselvesthemselvesyourselves 例1.Only a few students solve their problems all by them. themselves2.I just smiled to me and thought , “What can I do ?” myself人称代词：主格：作主语宾格：作宾语，放在动词介词之后主格Iweheshetheyyou宾格meushisherthemyou物主称代词：形容词性：作定语，放在名词前名词：作主宾表，相当于形容词性加一个名词形容

24、词性myouryour名词性mineoursyours形容词性hishertheir名词性hisherstheirs练习1.There are trees on all sides of the road. both2.I think important to learn the computer well. it3.Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves . their4.And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win th

25、e game. weit 一考it的补全，二考it所代替的成分 find /consider /feel /think /make it 补语 + to do /从句 love /like /hate /appreciate it when /if It is + adj /n to do /doing1.I would greatly appreciate if I could have the chance to host them and make itfriends with them.2.Whats more, it is our duty protect our environme

26、nt. to3.It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is A minegoing to Chengdu. 五、介词 主要考查介词短语和习惯用法的搭配。 介词后面接名词、代词宾格、动名词 不能接that从句和不定式，但可接特殊疑问词引导的从句和不定式介词别忘记 consist of wait for sb ask for sth lie /exist in date from date back to have /find /feel interest in be interested

27、in have an effect /influence on have an attitude to /towards pay attention to pay a visit to focus /concentrate /center on do damage /harm /good to类似短语、不同介词 in the morning /evening /afternoon at night on a rainy /cold morning /night be proud of不用介词 every day /morning /weekend next morning /Friday la

28、st week /month /year1.前不能加介词，后不能加when Each /Every time从句 每次 The next /The last time从句 上次/下次 The moment /The minute /The second /The instant 从句 一就 The first time从句 第一次2.及物动词直接接宾语，但受汉语影响，容易错误的加一个介词，这是介词常见的设错方式 enter sp = get into sp reach sp = arrive at /in sp = get to sp lack sth.(vt.) 3.用作名词时可以与of连用

29、，譬如Due to /Because of (a) lack of money, his parents cant send him to school. = Because his family lacks money, his parents cant send him to school.练习1.I saw him enter into the classroom. 2.On the other hand, some food producers lack of social conscience.3.The bus will wait us at the gate of the sch

30、ool. for4.Im Lihua, a Chinese student take summer courses in your university. Im takingwriting to you to ask help. for5.Before leave the orphanage we took photos with the children and gave them our leavingcontact details but we could keep in touch with one another. so5. Im sorry to occupy your preci

31、ous time, but I really want to tell you anything somethingabout the problem of some people keep too many pets nowadays. keeping注：Of后边接的是动名词复合结构，some people 是keeping的逻辑主语六、连词 并列连词：并列连词连接对等的成分，是找错的关键信号词 从属连词：连词误用 连接副词：主语考察上下文理解常见并列连词 as well as和，也 and but强调转折 while强调对比 or或者，否则eitheror要么要么 neither.nor既

32、不也不 not onlybut also并列连词 并列连词连接对等的成分，在改错中是一个关键的信号词。 并列连词搭配与意义 Taking everything necessary with you and please get on the bus on time. and连接两个并列的祈使句练习1.It will start at 2:00 pm and lasts for about three hours. last注：and连接动词原形置于will之后2.Doctors say that anger can lead to serious diseases, and that both

33、 controlling anger and express anger strongly can be harmful to our health. expressing注：and连接并列的-ing形式作主语3.We can go swimming, playing ball games or simple take a walk after a dayPaly simplys study. 4.Beautiful and neatly handwriting is beneficial to us students. neat5.Some think online shopping is

34、more convenient and the goods are cheap. cheaper注：And连接两个并列句，在意义上相对。6.It is a fun to walk around stores and looking at various goods on sale look注：It is fun doing /to do都可，但只能改一处，故改后者。并列的不定式to可省略7.Remember: Losing your temper does good to neither you or the other people. nor8.We should plant trees e

35、very year, or we can have a better life in the future. and/so9.Fast food is becoming more and more popular in China, especially among children or teenagers. and连词 考察上下文逻辑关系与连词的正确使用 Though /although不能与but连用 Because /since /as不能与so连用 If不能与and连用 even if /though即使，甚至 as if /though似乎，好像 as long as只要 as s

36、oon as一就 if如果-unless如果不(不要翻译成除非，句中不能有not) while当什么时候(从句谓语必须用延续性动词，否则改为when) be about to do /be doing /had just done必须与when连用连接副词 考察上下文逻辑关系 however转折 therefore /thus因果 besides /moreover /furthermore /additionally并列 连接副词用( ，)与主句隔开，改正时也必须改成连接副词，不能改成并列连词或从属连词。练习1.Hot water is provided for 24 hours, but

37、lifts work day and night. and2.I thought it was dull to watch a game in which players kicked a ball to each other. Therefore, my father loves football. however3.We can choose what we really need and even find a good bargain. However, we Besidescan chat with the shop assistant and acquire a lot of us

38、e information.4.Third, the environment of fast food restaurants is both clean and comfortably. comfortableTherefore, in terms of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory. However七、情态动词与虚拟语气 情态动词后接动词原形 情态动词的意义 语气的辨别need与dare区别情态动词实义动词 接动词原形 第三人称单数不加s 否定直接在后边加not 疑问提前 接to do /doing /名词 /代词 第三人称单数

39、加s 否定与疑问借助do /does /did虚拟语气：与现在相反：did /were与过去相反：had doneif 条件句：表愿望的句型： If only(要是就好了，但愿) would rather(宁愿) wish(希望) as if /though(似乎，好像)should doVt+ 宾语从句N + 同位语/表语从句 建议：suggest, advise, recommend propose 命令：order, command 要求：demand, insist, require, request, urge 建议：suggestion, adviceproposal 命令：ord

40、er, command 要求：demand,request, requirement练习1.He feels as if he is floating on a cloud. were2.Our suggestion is that you are the first to go. be3.The poor little boy could never able to see or hear again. was4.He mustnt have been to Beijing before because he knows nothing about it. cant5.Dare you to

41、 tell your parents about your school records?6.She told him he ought not do it. to7.I believe that he wide use of such shopping bags can greatly improves our impoveenvironment. 八、定语从句 关系代词和关系副词的误用 定语从句中的主谓一致 介词 + which /whom (,)后边不能用that 多余练习1.Im Li Hua, chairman of the Students Union of No. 8 Middl

42、e School which it is close to your university.2.Katia will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to China whomseveral times.3.He put it in a secret place where I couldnt find. which4.The house which Lu Xun once lived is being repaired now. where5.I'll never forget the day whic

43、h I first went to school. when6.I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me . 7.We took many books that was popular among children, as well as many kinds of wereschool supplies and toys.九、名词性从句 连接代词和连接副词及从属连词的混用考点1：语序 从句都使用陈述句语序考点2：what & that What是连接代词在句中作主宾表定 T

44、hat引导一个表事实的句子，that在句中不作成分考点3：what & which & whose What 有范围，表示：什么 Which 无范围，表示：哪一个 Whose 无范围，表示：谁的考点4：同位语从句&定语从句that & which 先行词差异：跟同位语从句的名词有news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, hope, thought, problem, reason等;定语从句的先行词不固定。 连词差异：同位语从句中只能用that，在句中不担任成分，定语从句中可用that, 也可用which，在从句中作主语，宾语等。考点5：what & howwhatever & however What /whatever修饰名词 How /howev