季学期公共课大学英语2课程学习指导

1、2012年春季学期公共课大学英语2课程学习指导彭小沛一、 学习目标北京大学网络教育学院大学英语二课程主要为学生准备全国统考而开设，旨在通过北京大学的师资力量，帮助学生明确全国统考的主要考点，并通过老师的讲解和指导，提高学习效率和主动性，从而达到事半功倍的效果。本课程主要以北京大学网络教育学院的课程论坛为平台，老师将在该论坛上贴出各单元的重难点和统考必备知识点，并解答学生的疑难和困惑。此外，还将有两次网络语音答疑通过音频的方式与大家互动交流。二、 学习方法1、 紧紧依靠全国统考大纲，切实掌握好大纲对各部分的要求，明确各部分的题型和分值比重。切记大纲是根本！2、 结合课本的内容和要求，要求熟练掌握

2、每个章节中的重难点词汇、词组、语法、交际用语以及文章背后的文化内涵。3、 珍惜语音答疑的机会，老师将全面细致的梳理考点，帮助大家提高学习效率，在学习中的疑问也可以借此向老师咨询。4、 多多登陆课程论坛，自主下载学习资料并踊跃的参与互动交流，与同学和老师进行深入探讨。5、 针对全国统考，多进行模拟训练，提高备考的针对性和有效性。三、 参考资料1、 全国统考大纲及统考模拟题2、 大学英语二教材3、 大学英语二学习指导，课程论坛上每单元的引领复习4、 面授课和语音答疑的课件注意：老师定期发布的课件是以课本为基础，全面选取各个章节的重难点，可以为学生节约大量的课余时间，虽然以课本为基础，但是又不局限于

3、课本，对于相关的知识点，进行专题的讲解，超越了课本的局限。课件不仅具有宏观的指导意义，也有微观方面的学习指引。四、 各章节重难点各章重点难点：unit 1 animals and plantstext a重点交际用语、词汇及语法（大学英语下册page1-2）交际用语：congratulations! thats a good idea. not really. oh, got it. that sounds pretty easy. maybe not, i am afraid.thats amazing.idiomatic study( 见第二页)词汇：adopt, raise, compa

4、nion, pet, humane, disturb, affectionate, hug, veterinarian, vaccinate, trim, stinky语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 01”）：would like to do sth愿意做某事，想要做某事someothers 一些另一些（并列结构，表示对比）pet keeping 饲养宠物not that simple 这里that做副词，修饰simple这个形容词talk about 谈论take care of照顾，照料asas 和一样，像一样from time to time 时而，不时used to

5、 do sth过去常常做某事（现在已不复存在）every other day 每隔一天i know that youve been thinking about if for long. 现在完成进行时（表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或动作刚刚结束）decide to do sth. 决定做某事i went to the veterinarian to get her vaccinated. 在短语get her vaccinated 中，vaccinated 为宾语补足语text b 重点词汇与语法（大学英语下册page3-4）词汇：scrub jay, trick, judgment

6、, mathematical, concept, devoted, shrewd, attack, overthrow, conventional, challenge, imitate, annoy, apparent, grasp, count, abstract语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 02”）：at least 至少figure out 想出，弄明白a number of 许多 （后面只加可数名词复数）over the past decade 在过去十年中take sth as an example以为例not only but (also)不但而且be ti

7、red of sth 对感到厌烦as a number of stories have proved 这里as 意为“正如”，引导非限定性定语从句whats less obvious is how smart they are. whats less obvious 为主语从句，how smart they are为表语从句theyve shown abilities previously thought to exist only in humans 句中previously thought to exist only in humans为后置定语，修饰abilities，abilities

8、与thought是被动关系only those that had previously attacked other birds stores 句中those指代those jays，为定语从句的先行词，that引导后面的定语从句it takes a thief to know a thief. 句中take为及物动词，意为“需要”he showed an apparent grasp of something only humans and a few apes had been known to understand 句中 had been know为know的过去完成被动时态，表示动作发

9、生在he showed 之前，是过去的过去using their shorthand, she asked, “what color six? what color tow?” 句中using为现在分词，作状语，表示方式或伴随状况bored, alex threw the balls on the floor instead. 句中bored为过去分词，作状语，表示原因注意：分词用-ing形式或-ed形式，取决于该动词与逻辑主语的关系：动作发出者用-ing形式，承受者用-ed形式not only had the bird figured out an abstract mathematical

10、 concept, 否定词置于句首时，用部分倒装结构unit 2 businesstext a重点交际用语、词汇及语法(大学英语下册page 11-13)交际用语：could you give me some suggestions?it sounds great. it depends.me, too.are you available this saturday?exactly.you are right.absolutely!true. you have a point there.idiomatic study（见13页）词汇：appointment, unfortunately, a

11、dvantage, disadvantage, portable, function, model, upgrade, available, surf, fabulous, device, fake, reveal, guarantee, convenient, frustrated, order语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 05”）：make an appointment for 预约ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事hear of 听说it is hard for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事很难keep up with 跟上check it

12、 out 弄清楚be interested in sth 对某事有兴趣bring about 造成，导致the goods online are not guaranteed as we must pay first. 句中as作连词，表示原因it takes long to do sth做某事很费时get access to sth 获得某物feel like doing sth 想要做某事stay up late 熬夜text b 重点词汇与语法（大学英语下册page 14-15）词汇priority, browse, comfort, imaginable, trend, male-do

13、minated, convenience, attract, concern, , reluctant, security, reliability, disappear, widespread, victim, turnover, special offer, high street, run-up, bargain语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 06”）：with only two weeks to go before christmas,句中with后面加复合宾语，表示伴随a number of 后面跟可数名词复数queue up 排队等候be expected to

14、 do sth 被期待做某事be attracted to sth 被某物所吸引compare a to/with b 对a和b加以比较as shopping online has become more widespread. 句中as作连词，意为“当时候”，表示两者情况在同时发生45% of internet users still do have security worries 句中do have 为强调结构（在强调某一动作时，通常将助动词置于该动词前，人称和时态变化只通过助动词表示，后边的动词用原形）slow down 减缓up to 高达in an attempt to do st

15、h试图做某事unit 3 job and careertext a重点交际用语、词汇及语法(大学英语下册page 23-26)交际用语：i wonder if you could spare me ten minutes now.whats up?nothing serious.go ahead.thank you for saying that.i suppose so. what exactly？would you like to be regional sales director?sounds great!take your time and think about it. idiom

16、atic study（见25页）词汇：high-tech, bread-earner, pay raise, spare, co-worker, capable, considerate, feed, hardly, rocketing, pressure, moderate, support, current, economic downturn, headache, transfer, market share, shrink, sharply, promising, rural, involve, separation, 语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 09”）：di

17、scuss sth. with sb. 与某人讨论某事i do want to discuss my salary with you. 句中do起强调作用get along well with 与相处愉快live on 靠生活could you give me a moderate pay raise so that i can make ends meet? 句中so that 意为“以便，为的是，结果是”，make ends meet 意为“使收支相抵”tighten ones belt 束紧腰带，节约度日lose ones job 失业you cannot have your cake

18、and eat it too. 鱼与熊掌不可兼得text b 重点词汇与语法(大学英语下册page 26-29)词汇：job-hunting, microscope, self-aware, confident, job interview, achievement, championship, performance, specific, applicant, aquarium, acceptable, description, principal line, target market, thoroughly, personality, thoughtful, mock interview

19、, live simulation, constructive, feedback, professional, body language, groom, conservatively, revealing, outfit, extravagant, beforehand语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 10”）：take some time to do sth 话时间做某事the morethe more 越越make a list of 列出nobody expects a teenager to have started a million-dollar compan

20、y or won a world championship. 句中expect sb to have done sth 意为“期望某人已经做了某事”，to have done是不定式的完成形式，表示过去you cannot succeed without knowing about the job youll be interviewing for. 句中without为介词，意为“在不的情况下”，表示伴随状况in relation to 与有关as well 也it is an opportunity to do sth 句中it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式it is enough

21、to do sth 做某事就够了this is (not) the time to do sth（还不）是做某事的时候seek out 找出have sb do sth 使某人做某事getting the “dream job” is just a matter of time 句中getting the “dream job”为动名词短语，作主语unit 4 energytext a 重点交际用语、词汇及语法(大学英语下册page 35-37)交际用语：of course.youre right.sorry，i have no idea about it.what a nice memory

22、!thats been very good.by the way, which do you like better, the sydney games or the beijing games?hard to say.very likely!hopefully we dont have to wait for long!idiomatic study（见37页）词汇：environmental protection, crucial, bid, feature, energy-saving, previous, slogan, strategy, environmental-friendly

23、, share, awareness, consumption, solar energy, nuclear energy, half-transparent, internal, replace, 语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 13”）：put forward 提出，建议rack ones brain 绞尽脑汁，冥思苦想share a lot in common 有许多共同点after all 毕竟as long as 只要keep sth. in mind 记住某事share a lot in common 有很多共同点allow the sunlight in du

24、ring the daytime 句中allow+介词，意为“允许做某事”，也可用allow+副词text b 重点词汇与语法(大学英语下册page 37-39)词汇：ethanol, sustainable, problematic, renewable, harvest, replacewith, fallow, benefit, declare, unforeseen, undesired, admirable, ongoing语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 14”）：all too often 时常，往往turn out to be 结果on closer exam

25、ination 进一步认真检查seem like sth 好像，似乎（不用于进行时态）第二段的第一句，which引导的非限定性定语从句，只对所修饰的词作一种补充说明，先行词不需限定，意义自明，主句和从句在意义上是相对独立的。第二段的第三句，using corn to make ethanol means动名词结构做主语，v-ing形式作主语：放在句首，表示抽象动作或一般行为drive up 抬高，使上升lead to 导致in turn 相应地，转而give off 放出，发出（气味，光，热等）make up for 弥补，补偿climate change would have progres

26、sed so far that it might not help句中含so+形容词/副词+that+从句 的结构第三段的第一句，not until 句型even then 甚至到那时，即便是那样，尽管如此on a/an basis 在的基础上unit 5 disease and natural disastertext a 重点交际用语、词汇及语法(大学英语下册page 45-47)交际用语：anything new in todays paper?thats horrible!oh, my god.bless me !its unbelievable!sorry to hear that.

27、idiomatic study（见47页）词汇：cover, accidentally, over-heated, drought, starvation, migrate, relief supplies, distribute, refugee camp, affect, scatter, unbelievable, casualty, square kilometer语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 17”）：catch ones eyes 引起某人注意，惹人注意sometimes it gets so hot that fires begin naturally in

28、 over-heated woods. 句中包含so that 句型，意为“如此以至于”at the moment 此时，目前set up 建立，建设one after another 一个接一个deal with 处理，解决on ones own 独自manage to do sth 完成（困难的事）so far 迄今为止text b 重点词汇与语法(大学英语下册page 47-48)词汇：tips, influenza, novel, virus, spread, handle, viable, survive, deposit, infect, sneezing, signs, symp

29、tom, stuffy, fatigue, contamination, respiratory, recommend, treatment, antiviral, over-the-counter, contagious 语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 18”）：infect sb with sth 传染，使感染in the same way that 和一样as a result of sth 由引起的结果是associate sb with sth 联想，联系contaminate sth with sth 污染，弄脏avoid doing sth 避免做某事be s

30、ick with 得了病keep away from 与保持距离in case 以防unit 6 transportationtext a 重点交际用语、词汇及语法(大学英语下册page57-59)交际用语：i just couldnt wait!oh, really?its wonderful.i cant wait to have a try.its really driving me crazy!you can say it again.are you kidding me?come on. never mind.dont complain any more.you can say it

31、 again!idiomatic study（见59页）词汇：anniversary, commuter, connect, theme, improve, complain, rush hour, traffic jam, brand-new, exception, coupon, condo, cycling语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 21”）：at the same time 同时bring to 为带来decorate a with b 用b装饰atake measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事be stuck in 被困住drive sb. c

32、razy 让某人发疯be fed up with 厌烦，厌倦a car is really beyond me now. 句中beyond作介词，意为“为所不能及”，在句中作表语text b重点词汇与语法词汇：contribution, ironic, register, essential, drastically, emission, household, dependence, reconsider, maintenance, hybrid, incentive , obesity, skyrocketing, 语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 22”）：not onl

33、y is it essential to our way of life, but we truly do love our vehicles and being out on the open road. 倒装：not onlybut also 前后连接两个句子时，not only后的句子要用部分倒装，but also 后面的分句不用倒装without question, though, we can drastically reduce car emissions and foreign-oil dependency. 句中though作副词，意为“可是，不过”，一般用于主句后，引出补充说

34、明，使语气变弱。more to the point 更重要的是hang on to sth 保留，不卖掉，不放弃stick with sb/sth 坚持，持续look up 查阅take advantage of 利用；占的便宜give sth a shot 尝试某事catch up on (用额外时间)补做；赶做；补上unit 7 digital lifetext a 重点交际用语、词汇及语法(大学英语下册page 67-69)交际用语：id like to buy how about?that sounds reasonable. thats for sure.what is it exa

35、ctly?in other wordsmy pleasure.idiomatic study（见68页）词汇：worth, numerous, display screen, voice dialing, built-in camera, smart, battery, sturdy, back-up, discount, reasonable, minimum, satisfying, wrap, receipt语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 25”）：how about ? 怎么样？sth is worth every penny of it 物有所值be worth

36、sth/doing sth 有某种价值，值得（做某事）in that case 那样的话at the discount price of 以的打折价i knew you were a smart customer the minute i saw you! 该句为the minute 引导的时间状语从句，意为“一就”in other words 换句话说as low as低至text b重点词汇与语法(大学英语下册page 69-72)词汇：limitation, favorite, post-it note, digital memory, combat, forgetfulness, po

37、st-it note, archive, searchable, recollection, portable sensors, perceive, oxygen, carbon dioxide, scan, identity, physiological, indicator, heart attack, irregularity, compile, lifelong, relive, systematic, reserve语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 26”）：can be 有可能a variety of 各种各样的messages written on post-i

38、t notes 过去分词作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句messages (which are) written on post-it notesmore than simply 不单止take readings of 记录的读数warn sb of sth 警告this information would allow doctors to spot irregularities early, providing warnings before an illness becomes serious. 现在分词结构providing引导伴随状语，表示伴随前一动作出现的另一动作help with 帮

39、助point out 指出in a fashion以方式the rich 富人 the + 形容词 表示一类人unit 8 entertainment and recreationtext a 重点交际用语、词汇及语法(大学英语下册page 79-81)交际用语：how are things with you?not bad.same as ever.what about you?what about going hiking and camping this saturday?idiomatic study（见81页）词汇：entertainment, vacation, recreatio

40、n, relax, adventurous, scenery, film buff, convince, enjoyable, soap opera, finale, couch potato, turn off, would rather语法：（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 29”）：sb is done with sth 某人完成做某事take a break 短暂休息at that time 在那个时候spend (time, money, etc.)doing sth 花费做某事take a fancy to sth 迷恋某事would rather do sth 宁愿

41、做某事text b重点词汇与语法(大学英语下册page 81-84)词汇：comedy, originate, exclusively, dominant, narrative, recurring, laugh tracks, format, mass medium, episode, commercial, reluctant, resident, script writer语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 30”）：refer to (as) 提到，所指consist of 包含，包括（主语为整体，宾语为构成整体的部分）distinguish a from b = di

42、stinguish between a and b 区分，区别mix with 和混合sb be familiar with 熟悉 （主体作主语）sth be familiar with sb 为某人所熟知（客体作主语）most north american sitcoms are generally half-hour programs in which the story is written to run a total of 22 minutes in length, leaving 8 minutes for commercials. 句中in which为介词+关系分词引导定语从句

43、。leaving分词短语作伴随状语due to 由于on average 平均in comparison 比较而言result in unit 9 politics and lawtext a 重点交际用语、词汇及语法(大学英语下册page 91-93)交际用语：i cant agree more.what do you think aboutwhat do you think?i cant agree more.what first step do you think he would take?i cant believe my ears!dont be mad at me.any goo

44、d idea?idiomatic study(93页)词汇:presidential, election, arouse, exchange, breakthrough, expectation, pressure, confront, financial crisis, tackle, giant, corporation, collapse, bankrupt, unemployment, 语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 33”）：arouse the attention of 引起的注意exchange views on sth. 就某事进行交流in the news

45、paper 在报纸上as opposed to 与之对照make the front page 成为头版hold high expectations for sb. 对某人寄予厚望on the other hand 另一方面take his office 就职in hot water 陷入困境be up to sb 由某人决定have confidence in对有信心text b 重点词汇与语法 (大学英语下册page 93-95)词汇:decrease, birth rate, promote, marriage, facility contraceptive, abortion, adm

46、inistrative, terminate, pregnancy, minority, permit, sensitive, ratio, fetus, infanticide, established, ritual, obligation, ancestor, worship, 语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 34”）：under some circumstances 在某些情况下in addition to 此外be responsible for 负责this care is of concern particularly in rural areas, wher

47、e the majority of chinese still live. where引导定语从句，修饰rural areas，相当于in whichunit10 environmenttext a 重点交际用语、词汇及语法 (大学英语下册page 103-105)交际用语：whats up?so what?got it.whats worse,you are right.thats too bad.poor guys.like what?idiomatic study(105页)词汇：forecast, gradual, greenhouse effect, sign, exhaust fu

48、mes, damage, threaten, deforestation, suppose, prevent, renewable, recycling center语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 37”）talk about 谈论，说话warmer and warmer 越来越热 （“形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级”的结构意为“越来越”）as far as i know 据我所知cause damage to 对造成损害at a surprising speed 以惊人的速度if things go on like this, humans will end up i

49、n the same fate as polar bears! if 引导的条件状语从句，意为“如果就”end up 以方式结束，最后成为（后面通常跟名词后动名词）go beyond 超过，超越protect sb against/from sth 保护某人免受although it might not be possible to fix the problem weve created for ourselves, therere lots of things we can do to prevent further damage. although 引导的让步状语从句，意为“尽管、虽然”

50、，可放在句首或句中。it is possible to do sth 有可能做某事instead of 替换，不是而是，后面可跟名词或动名词text b 重点词汇与语法(大学英语下册page 105-107)词汇：argue, solemn-sounding, commitment, inconvenient, recognize, relieve, predict, freeze, restriction, greenhouse gas, economic growth, living standard, signatory, potential, disaster, aggressive,

51、 fossil fuel, moral语法（见 网络教育学院网站 课件点播中“大学英语2 38”）：regardless of 不管，不顾，后面跟名词或动名词argue over/about sth with sb 与某人就某事争论as if 好像，似乎（后面常跟虚拟语气）he real truth is that we dont know enough to relieve global warming that引导的表语从句（表语从句由主语+系动词+从句 构成）cut back 缩减，削减allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事unit11 historytext a 重点交际用语、词汇及语法 (大学英语下册page115-117)交际用语：could you give me some advice?sure.well-preservedthey are terrific!fabulous!sorry to inte