人教版英语必修Unit词汇讲解 PPT课件

1、1.astronomy /n. C/ 天文学New discoveries were made in astronomy, geography and medicine.astronomer /n./ 天文学家I joined the Young Astronomers Club.astronaut /n.C/ 宇航员Yang Liwei becomes the first Chinese astronaut.第1页/共32页2. system /n.C/ 系统，体系；制度； /n. U/条理，秩序the solar system 太阳系a social system 社会制度under th

2、e new/old system 在新/旧制度下They have an alarm system in the house.他们房子里装有报警系统。第2页/共32页3. theory /n.U/ 理论We should combine theory with practice.evolution theory 进化论in theory 理论上第3页/共32页4. violent /adj./violent /adj./ 猛烈的；激烈的；violently /adv./猛烈地；凶猛地violence /n./暴力，暴行with violence 猛烈地，强有力地have a violent t

3、emper 脾气暴躁takeby violence 抢夺.Whatever happens, we will never use violence.第4页/共32页5. unlike /prep./ &/adj./unlikely /adj./不大可能的likely /adj./可能的It is likely that很可能.be likely to do sth. 可能做某事Unlike his father, Tom is humorous and easygoing.第5页/共32页6.harmful /adj./be harmful to 对有害harm /n./ &/

4、v./损害，伤害do sb. harm/ do harm to对.有害There is no harm (in) doing sth. = It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.（某人)做某事无害处第6页/共32页7.exist /v./ 存在，生存exist as 作.而生存，以形态存在exist on 靠.生活/生存exist in 存在于.中There exist(s) existed.某地有.;存在.existence /n./ 存在，生存come into existence (= begin to exist) 产生，成立in existence

5、现存的，存在的第7页/共32页8. puzzle/n./ 谜，难题 /v./ （使）迷惑puzzle about /over 苦苦思索，仔细琢磨puzzled/adj./迷惑不解的；困惑的be/feel puzzled at/about.对.感到迷惑puzzling/adj./ 令人费解的puzzlement /n./迷惑第8页/共32页9.physicist/n./ 物理学家physics /n./物理（学）physical /adj./ 肉体的，身体上的physical labour 体力劳动physical change 物理变化physical science 自然科学physical

6、ly /adv./ 身体上；肉体上反义：metal 物质的，自然界的第9页/共32页10.extict /adj./(生物)绝种的, 灭绝的(官职等)废除了的; 无合法继承人的 (法令等)过时的; 失效的an extinct family 已绝嗣的家族an extinct species 已灭绝的物种 an extinct volcano 死火山 All hope was extinct. 一切希望都破灭了。第10页/共32页11. pull /v./ &/n./ 拉，拖；牵引力pull down 拆毁pull through 康复，痊愈pull up 停车，停止pull in (火车

7、等）到站，进站； 驶向路边（或某处）停靠Dont worry; your father is going to pull through.第11页/共32页12.exhaust/vt./ 使筋疲力尽；用完，耗尽There is no need to exhaust yourself clearing up.近义：tire sb.(out) / wear out 使疲惫不堪 use up= run out of 用完，用光 give out = run out 用完，用光 give out 筋疲力尽exhausted /adj./筋疲力尽的，耗尽的exhausting/adj./令人筋疲力尽的e

8、xhaustive/adj./彻底的，全面的exhaustion/n./筋疲力尽，耗尽第12页/共32页1. in time 及时in time for sb. to do sth. 来得及（做）.,及时（做）on time 按时，准时at times 有时，偶尔at no time 在任何时候都不；决不 （至于句首时，主句使用部分倒装）in no time 立即，立刻at a time 依次第13页/共32页2.lay eggs 下蛋lay /vt./放置；安放；产卵，下蛋She laid the baby down gently on the bed.Bettys birthday par

9、ty is going to be held in the living room, with a dining table already _for a meal to be cooked.A. laid B. chosen C. gotten D. hadA第14页/共32页3. give birth to 产生，分娩；引发，造成by birth 血统上，生来，天生的at birth 出生时bring.to birth 使产生Religious differences between them gavebirth to a ar.第15页/共32页4. in ones turn 轮到某人i

10、n turn 依次，轮流take turns in sth./ to do sth. 轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事You can take turns to use the computer.第16页/共32页5. prevent.from 阻止，制止 prevent sb.( from) doing sth. = stop sb.( from) doing sth. 在主动语态中from 可以省略，而在被动语态中from 不可以省略。keep sb. from doing sth. 中的from 无论在主动语态中还是在被动语态中都不可以省略。pr

11、otect.from.表示“保护.不受.损害”from后接能带来伤害或损害之物。第17页/共32页6. cheer upcheer (sb./sth.) up （使）感到高兴； （使）感到振奋cheer sb. on 为某人加油cheers!干杯！Cheer up! We are near the finishing line.第18页/共32页7. now that 既然，由于课文原句：“Oh dear,”walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”now that 引导原因状语，在口语中可以省略that

12、.与now that 意思相近的有seeing that, since 等。就像although/though不能与but连用，because 不能与so连用一样，当now that 引导的从句表示原因时，主句前不能加so.第19页/共32页辨析now that/because/ since/as/fornow that 说明已经成为事实的原因.because 语气最强，回答是用why提问的问句，表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。since表示间接附带的众所周知的原因，意为 “既然”，常放在句首。as 表示一种明显的、已知的理由，意为“由于”for 是并列连词，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释，不一

13、定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。第20页/共32页7. now that 既然，由于 注意：引导原因状语的介词短语：due to, thanks to, because of , as a result of , owning to, on account of 等。Now (that) you have mentioned it, Ill keep it in mind.第21页/共32页8. get the hang of得知的窍门；熟悉某物的用法；理解某事Typing is easy once you get the hang of it.第22页/共32页9. break out 突

14、发，爆发The fire broke out last night in his neighbours further.break into 强行进入某处break in 强行进入break down 停止运转；失败；垮掉break up 解散，分解break through 取得突破第23页/共32页10. watch out for 留意Watch out! There is a car coming. 小心！有车来了。拓展：watch over 照顾；监督；保护keep a watch 守望，注视be under a close watch 被严密监视第24页/共32页11.block

15、out 1） 挡住，遮住（光线，声音等）2）忘掉，抹去（不愉快的事）Black clouds blocked out the sun.The memory was so terrible that she tried toblock it out.拓展block off （用路障）封锁，堵住block up 塞住，封住（孔、洞）block ones way 挡住某人的去路block sth. in/ out 草拟；画.的简略图第25页/共32页12. depend on/upon依赖，依靠；取决于The poor man depends on his son to earn money.依靠某

16、人做某事depend on/upon sb. to do sth. depend on/upon ones doing sth. That/ It (all) depends. 依情况而定。第26页/共32页1. “so. . . that”句型The earth _(变得如此猛烈以至于)it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 2. “make it possible to do sth. ”结构This produced a chain reaction, which _(使生命的生长发育成为一种可能). became so

17、 violent thatmake it possible for life to develop第27页/共32页3. “倍数+as+adj. /adv. +as”句型But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried _(是地球上的两倍远)and fell over. 4. now that引导的原因状语从句Walking does need a bit of practice_(既然地球引力已发生了变化). twice as for as on the earthnow that the gravity has changed第

18、28页/共32页. 5.This produced a chain reaction, which 5.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possiblemade it possible for life to for life to develop. develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应, 使得生命得以发展了。 make+宾语+宾语补足语名词或形容词名词或形容词不带不带to 的不定式的不定式 to do 过去分词过去分词 v-ed介词短语介词短语make + it + /adj./ &/n./ + 不定式/从句find, feel ,think, take也有这样的用法也有这样的用法第29页/共32页(1)“. . . 倍数as形容词/副词as. . . ”表示“是的几倍”, 该句型也可用half, one-fourth等词, 表示“是的一半/四分之一”等。(2)有关倍数的表达方式还有：. . . 倍数形容词/副词的比较级than. . . . . . 倍数the名词of. . . . . . 倍数 + what 从句. . .