短文改错专题

1、高三二轮复习高三二轮复习 短文改错篇短文改错篇教教 学学 目目 标标1）了解高考短文改错题的错误设置规律2）掌握短文改错的改正方法3）提高篇章结构分析和语言纠错的能力4）培养学生的规范答题习惯2015课标卷I When I was a child, I hoped to live in thecity. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. an

2、dthe thought Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has beenpolluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. serious with The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out.

3、 We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, well live to regret it.our /the find ManyairWhats the main trouble when correcting a passage?1. 看不出句子有错，感觉越读越对。2. 看出句子错误, 但无法改正。3. 不能从篇章角度考虑问题。学生的困惑 看了答案什么都明白，做题时想不到， 因为：这些错误也是我常犯的找到思路最重要！思路在哪里？命题规律一、考纲解读一、考纲解读 短文改错所考查的知识覆盖面广，分布合理

4、。短文改错所考查的知识覆盖面广，分布合理。错误包括错误包括词法、句法、语篇结构、行文逻辑词法、句法、语篇结构、行文逻辑等，等，涉及涉及冠词冠词、名词名词、代词代词、介词介词、形容词形容词、副词副词、连词连词、情态动词情态动词、动词时态语态动词时态语态、非谓语动词非谓语动词、主谓一致主谓一致、从句的连接词从句的连接词、强调句强调句、上下文的逻上下文的逻辑问题以及习惯用法辑问题以及习惯用法、固定搭配固定搭配等等 基础不牢，基础不牢，地地动动山山摇！摇！打牢基础，做好改错！打牢基础，做好改错！二、命题规律二、命题规律 高考英语短文改错涉及高考英语短文改错涉及词汇词汇、语法语法、句型结构句型结构等方面

5、的知识以及上下文的等方面的知识以及上下文的行文逻辑行文逻辑，是一种在，是一种在较高层次上考查考生较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试合运用能力的测试题型。短文改错的语言符合学题型。短文改错的语言符合学生的实际，句子结构由以简单句为主逐渐过渡到生的实际，句子结构由以简单句为主逐渐过渡到以并列句和复合句为主。学生在平时写作中以并列句和复合句为主。学生在平时写作中常出常出现的错误是短文改错考查的重点现的错误是短文改错考查的重点。三、命题趋势三、命题趋势 高考考查此项题目，其难度、错误类型设置、高考考查此项题目，其难度、错误类型设置、文章长度通常不会有太大

6、变化。考查更加注重文章长度通常不会有太大变化。考查更加注重语语用功能用功能，取材范围将更广泛，并注重语言的综合，取材范围将更广泛，并注重语言的综合应用能力。关键是注重对应用能力。关键是注重对基础基础的考查。的考查。When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in the countryside.A few hours 62_, Id been at home in Hong Kong,

7、with its choking smog. thought before/earlier从一道短文改错和语法填空看高考命题趋势：解题步骤解题步骤1 1、从语篇入手，理解文章大意、从语篇入手，理解文章大意 短文改错不是单句改错，每一句的语意表达、短文改错不是单句改错，每一句的语意表达、结构选择是结构选择是受上下文制约受上下文制约的。如谓语动词时态的的。如谓语动词时态的选择，代词的指代功能等都要依照上下文的线索选择，代词的指代功能等都要依照上下文的线索进行判断。因此考生应进行判断。因此考生应立足于上下文立足于上下文，从整体上，从整体上把握全文。把握全文。2 2、审查句子结构、审查句子结构 通读全

8、文，了解文章大意之后，应把注意力放通读全文，了解文章大意之后，应把注意力放在句子层次上，判断句子的表达在句子层次上，判断句子的表达是否符合行文逻是否符合行文逻辑，是否符合语法规范辑，是否符合语法规范。3 3、审查句子内部错误、审查句子内部错误 句子内部的错误主要包括上述提到的那些。句子内部的错误主要包括上述提到的那些。改错要求改错要求 文中共有文中共有1010处语言错误，处语言错误，每句每句中中最多最多有有两处两处。每处错误每处错误仅涉及仅涉及一个单词一个单词的的增加增加、删除删除或或修改修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在），并在其下面写出该加的词。其

9、下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（删除：把多余的词用斜线（ ）划掉）划掉。 修改：在错的单词下划一横线，并在该词下面修改：在错的单词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。写出修改后的词。温馨提示：温馨提示：1 1、格式错误，不得分格式错误，不得分。2 2、每处错误及其修改均仅限、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词一词。3 3、只允许修改、只允许修改1010处处，多者，从多者，从1111处起不计分处起不计分。4 4、拿到改错题后，可以先看一遍把简单的、容易、拿到改错题后，可以先看一遍把简单的、容易 的错误先改过来，然后再仔细研读，从以上提的错误先改过来，然后再仔细研读，从以上提 示的几个方面

10、进行改错。示的几个方面进行改错。5 5、单词拼写错误不改，大小写不改，词序错误不单词拼写错误不改，大小写不改，词序错误不 改，标点符号不改改，标点符号不改。并且，在改错时要。并且，在改错时要忠于原忠于原 文，不能改变原文的原意文，不能改变原文的原意。6.6.短文改错是改“错”，而不是把文中的表达法改成另外的表达形式。很多同学把原文中并没有错的形式改成了自己认可的另外一种形式，虽然改后的表达法也是对的，但这样做偏离了这类题型的答题要求，因而也不能得分。短文改错考点统计表短文改错考点统计表1.That day I didnt learn much about animals，insects or

11、trees，but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!（2014陕西）2.He liked it so much that he quickly walked into the shop.he turned around and found his parents were missing.A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.（2015全国卷II）3.Then everyone began searching for the ticket，which was e

12、ventually found under a seat several rows from its owner. The person who found a ticket smiled(2014浙江）4.Besides，Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.5.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.（2015全国卷I）1.冠词冠词anthetheanthea与与an的误用；的误用；a,an与与the 的误用；多用或少用了冠词的误用；多用或少用了冠词(1

13、) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. (2) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. (3) Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. (4) Good health is persons most valuable possession. (5) Modern people know more about the health, have better foo

14、d, and live in clearer surroundings. (6) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. (7) Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday.(8) Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. (9) We may be one family and live under a same roof. (10) My

15、teacher advised me to keep my diary.anaathe athea 2.代词代词1.Much rare animals are dying out. （2015全国卷I）2.We dont need to do so many homework.（2014全国卷II）3.If its a false alarm and there is no fire，your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.（2014四川）4.Then everyone in the carriage began searching fo

16、r the ticket，which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.(2014浙江卷)5.We appreciate our apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter. (2014辽宁卷)6.The fruits are small in size, but juicy and tasty. There are so much that we often sh

17、are them with our neighbors. （2014全国卷I）Manymuchyouitsyourmany（1） When we walked to the car， Bill smiled and shook head. （2） We climb everywhere， not only in America. They have been to Europe many times. （3） And I cant forget the good food you cooked for I. （4） The Smiths did his best to make me feel

18、 at home. （5） And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game. （6） The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me. hisWemetheirwe my代词 错误类型： 人称代词主格和宾格的误用； 代词前后指代的误用； 不定代词的误用； 反身代词的误用。改正方法： 分析上下文弄清人称代词的正确指代； 主格人称代词作主语，宾格人称代词作宾语，形容词性物主代词作定语，名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语，反身代词作

19、宾语或同位语。 分析句子成分可以发现并改正缺少的人称代词。1.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.(2015新课标全国卷)2.we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.(2014新课标全国卷)3.Stay close to your teacher and classmate. (2014四川卷)4.Weve called several time about Cleos early morning ba

20、rking.(2014辽宁卷)5.Since then- for all these year- we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.(2014全国卷I)3.名词名词airhoursclassmatestimesyears名词多考查单复数，可数不可数或所有格问题，也可能存在词性误用。fun, progress, advice, information, equipment, furniture, news（1）Their word were a great encouragement to me.（2）Hi

21、s new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmate, my school and just everything else I love in the world. （3）When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.（4）But one and a half year later.（5）There are advantage for students to work.(6)I

22、 saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the picture we had taken together.(7)He has ruined his healthy. We are worried about him.(8)I found the test difficulty, but I tried hard to do it. wordsclassmatescupsyearsadvantagespictureshealthdifficult1.My soccer coach retired in last week.(2015陕西)2.Plea

23、se help with me and give me some advice.【2015四川】3.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.(2015全国卷II)4.Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.(2015全国卷)5.Nearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果

24、)in our back garden.(2014全国卷)6.Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.(2014全国卷II)7.If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in.(2014浙江）4.介词介词inwithofforin记牢固定搭配，注重积累。记牢固定搭配，注重积累。1.Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a

25、 fire alarm goes off.(2014四川)2.Interestingly, it had a connection by the British porcelain (瓷器) industry. (2013全国卷II)3.Every day, he spends too much time with his work. (2013,辽宁)4.Can you tell me about what I should do?5.I had to look up to the same word many times, .6.I am writing to thank you with

26、 your kind help.aboutwithonfor1.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help.I thought the biscuits were really well.(2015陕西）2.On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.（2015浙江）3.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the

27、shop. .Mom said,“How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ”(2015全国卷II)4.Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.5.As a result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.We are growing wond

28、erfully tomatoes at no cost!(2014全国卷I)5.形容词与副词形容词与副词bestgoodeasilyterriblyseriouseverywheretastywonderful6.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.(2014全国卷II)7.I noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner

29、 before.(2014浙江）8.Beside, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day.That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.(2014辽宁）9.Dont panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly.（2014四川）10.To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister，Mag

30、gie.（2013浙江）helpfulnoisypreviouslyBesidesclosecalmworse注意形容词、副词的混用；比较级与最高级。表语和补语为形容表语和补语为形容词，名词前的定语为形容词词，名词前的定语为形容词; ;副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、过副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、过去分词、介词短语或整个句子；去分词、介词短语或整个句子；比较级用于两个人、物之间做比较；最高级用于三个或以上的人、物之间做比较。1.My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.（20

31、15陕西）2.In fact , I dont like to go any more, so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship. How do you think I should do? （2015四川）3.If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.（2015浙江）4.he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015全国卷II)5.There the air i

32、s clean or the mountains are green.(2015全国卷I)6.连接词（逻辑关系）连接词（逻辑关系）whenbutWhatAlthough/ Thoughthat或去掉或去掉whenand1.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. (2014全国卷I)2.A passenger realized he couldnt find his

33、ticket but became quite upset.(2014浙江)3.If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.（2014四川）4.Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013全国卷II)5.With little sleep and hardly

34、any break, so he works from morning till night.That is which other teachers say. (2013辽宁）6.We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents.（2013四川）andwhichwhator逻辑关系 错误类型：连词的多用、少用和误用； 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的误用，特 别是which与that的误用； 名词性从句中连接词的误用，特别是what和 that的误用。改正方法：在整句理解的基础上，理清前后句的逻辑关系，

35、特别注意and、 or、 but、 after、before、 however、 therefore、 besides、 unless 、if等词的使用是否正确。另外，在理解句意的基础上正确判断句子结构和层次，判断从句引导词的使用是否正确。1.I was very happy that I can wear clean and beautiful clothes at last.（2015保定一模）2.We must found ways to protect our environment. If we fail to do so，well live to regret it.(2015新课

36、标全国卷)3.After I graduated from high school，a friend of mine suggested that we started to learn the guitar because we both thought it was cool.（2015唐山一模）4.The answer sheet must cut from the newspaper and sent to China Daily before the deadline.(2015浙江金华十校4月模拟)5.What do you think I should do? If you ar

37、e me ,would you talk to him?(2015四川）7.情态动词与虚拟语气情态动词与虚拟语气couldfindstartbewere1. It is high time you leave for Shanghai.2. She suggests that her brother not goes to college.3. The judge insisted that the spy was put in prison.4. How I wish I am as strong as you.5. It is necessary that the patient is s

38、ent to hospital right away.6. If he hadnt been caught in the storm yesterday, he will not be ill now.7. If I am you, I would give him a good beating.left gobewerebewouldwere情态动词要注意时态与语态；虚拟语气则情态动词要注意时态与语态；虚拟语气则要注意含有虚拟条件句的三种基本形式以要注意含有虚拟条件句的三种基本形式以及其他的一些基本规律。及其他的一些基本规律。8.时态与语态时态与语态1.(2015新课标卷)When I wa

39、s a child，I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.2.(2015新课标卷)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.3.(2014新课标卷II)There are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.We didnt need to do so much homework.4.(2014新课

40、标卷II)We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sat by the lake listening to music.5.(2014陕西)He wanted to teach me about animals.My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.6.(2015新课标卷II)Tony was scared and begun to cry.7.(2015新课标卷II)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a

41、shop.thoughtdontsitcamebegantold1.(2014浙江卷)I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station.I had noticed that the carriage was noisy and filled with people.2.(2014浙江卷)Before long，a train inspector comes to check our tickets.3.(2014辽宁卷)This morning she starts barking even before 5 oclock.4.Hardly di

42、d he got out of the taxi when a bus passed by.5. Whenever he enters a room where the windows were shut，he will immediately open them.6.We told a moment ago a driver had just turned in a wallet and then a policeman drive us to the company without delay.camestartedhadareweredrove 复习各种时态的基本用法，注意语态。联系前后

43、文来确定时态。1.(2014陕西卷)He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees.2.(2014陕西卷)One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.3.(2015课标卷II)After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his parents were missing.4.(2014辽宁卷)It is difficult to understanding why she barks e

44、very minute shes outside.5.(2013课标卷I)She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.6.(2013课标卷II) Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner.7.(2013浙江)I am awfully tiring, but I know Ill never fall asleep.9.非谓语动词非谓语动词tohavinglookingunderstandholdhavingtired8.(2

45、013陕西) Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.9.(2013四川)After think for some time, I let her copy my answers.10.The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world.11.It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station a

46、nd drove me to their home. 12. I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort. 13.My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. Feelingthinkingto improvedrivewatchingto make非谓语动词错误类型： 不定式符号to的多余与遗漏； to后跟动词原形或

47、动名词的误用； 介词后动词形态的误用； 现在分词与过去分词的误用。 动词与非谓语动词混用错误改正方法： 不作谓语的动词必须用非谓语动词，具体形式由非谓语成分决定。 要牢记make、have、let后跟动词作宾补时不加to，作主补时要加to； 介词后作宾语的动词形态用动名词形式； 现在分词和过去分词的区别为：前者表示“动作主动和进行”，后者表示“动作被动和完成”。 考生要加强对含to短语的积累和总结，注意to何时能够省略，何时为介词，何时为不定式。1.（2014课标卷II)My dream school look like a big garden.2.（2014辽宁）The early mor

48、ning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.3.（2014四川）Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.4.(2013浙江）Good night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.5.（2013辽宁） Hard work have

49、 made him very ill.6.But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability.10.主谓一致主谓一致lookshasgoesarehaswas避免受汉语习惯的影响，谓语动词在人称和数上要与主语保持一致。1.Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，are going to visit Beijing this summer.2.Either you or one of your students are to attend the meeting th

50、at is due tomorrow.3.A survey of the opinions of experts show that three hours of outdoor exercise a week are good for ones health.4.As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area needs repairing.5.John as well as the other children who has no parents are being taken good c

51、are of in the center.6.The number of people，who have access to their own cars，have risen sharply in the past decade.isisshowsisneedhaveishas1.He seated on the grass.2.He returned back yesterday.3.There were a lot of people died in the fire.4.It was in the Youth Palace where I saw a film last night.5

52、.We must serve for the people heart and soul.6.When we entered into the room, the meeting had already begun.7.Do careful when you cross the street. 8.Though were tired, they went on working.9.The children were playing football on the road but the police told them not.其他其他himselfwhothatbetheyto Being

53、 responsible is actually not that difficult. I used to think it is hard to grow up into a responsible member of the society. An incident happening in a rainy Sunday afternoon changed my attitude. I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light while a girl was knocked down by pa

54、ssing car, which drove off quickly. A man immediately gave her first aid and I had joined in without hesitation. Soon many help was given to the girl. Because we sent her to the nearest hospitals in time, she was able to receive properly treatment. Not badly injured, I expressed gratitude to those giving help. Compared with the escaping driver