定语从句高中英语PPT课件

1、attributive clauses 定语从句定语从句page 2what is attribute? he is an honest boy. we love our country. whats your telephone number? marx found it important to study the situation in russia.honestour telephone in russia定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。与特征的。 page 3句子可以做定语吗？句子可以做定语吗？ 昨天来参观我们学校的外宾

2、来自加拿大。_ the foreigner who visited our school yesterdayis from canada. the foreigner visited our school yesterday. the foreigneris from canada.在句子中担任定语功能的句子是定语从句。定语从句在在句子中担任定语功能的句子是定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词。句中的作用相当于形容词。page 4定语从句的概念定语从句的概念定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的 某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般跟在它

3、所修饰的先行词后面。 _ _什么是先行词？什么是先行词？什么是关系词？什么是关系词？定语从句的分类定语从句的分类page 5定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。 先行词通常为人、物或者是事情。什么是先行词？什么是先行词？he is the man whom/that i saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。 there are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 beijing is the place where (in which) i was born

4、. 北京是我的出生地。_page 6定语从句的分类定语从句的分类 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词间的关系紧密程度，定语从句分别分为限制性定语限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句从句和非限制性定语从句。用来修饰和限定先行词，与先行词见的关系非常紧密，如果去掉则意思含混不清。eg. a doctor is a person who looks after peoples health.医生就是照顾病人的人。page 7 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句起补充说明的作用，缺少它也不会影响全句的理解，译为汉语时常常不译作定语，而是根据句意翻译为相应的其他形式的从句。它与主

5、句的关系不像限制性定语从句的关系那样紧密。非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都要用逗号与主句隔开。eg. last month i met holly, who was then preparing for a test.上个月我碰到了霍利，她当时正在准备进行一项测验。page 8什么是关系词？什么是关系词？引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词关系代词和关系副词关系副词。如果定语从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语等成分，则应该选择关系代词关系代词。this is book _ i want.is he the man _ wants to se

6、e you? 如果定语从句中缺少状语，则应该选择关系副词关系副词。i still remember the time _ we first met a few years ago.i came around to explain the reason _ i was absent this morning.which/thatwho/thatwhenwhypage 9先行词先行词 人人 事物事物 人人+事物事物 主语主语 /主格主格who /that which / that that 宾语宾语/宾格宾格whom / who /that which / that that 表语表语 that

7、that that 定语定语/所有格所有格whosewhose / of which / 关系代词关系代词page 10who的用法的用法 先行词必须是人，作主语和宾语e.g. the man who spoke at the meeting this morning is a famous lawyer. the girl who you saw just now is jane.作宾语时，可用whom, that替换, 可以省略。whom的用法的用法 先行词必须是事物，作主语和宾语e.g. this is the book which / that was written in easy

8、english by our english teacher. 作主语时，关系词不可省略。the pictures (which / that) he drew in the 1980s are on show. 作宾语时，关系词可以省略。page 11which的用法的用法 先行词必须是事物，作主语和宾语eg. this is the book which / that was written in easy english by our english teacher. eg. the pictures (which / that) he drew in the 1980s are on

9、show.作宾语时，关系词可以省略 作主语时，关系词不可省略。page 12注意注意(whom & which)： whom & which做介词宾语时，介词常可提前，即介词+whom/which+从句，此时whom & which不能由who或that代替，不能省略。e.g. this is the man from whom your son always begs money. the chair on which she is sitting is made of wood. 但当介词置于从句末尾时，whom可以由who或that代替，which可由that代替

10、，都能省略。e.g. this is the man (whom / that / who) your son always begs money from.page 13 有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可拆开，一般还是放在动词之后，不提前。 eg. he is the student who the teachers are looking for. the number of the children who she takes care of is 30. 动词短语是否可以拆分，关键看拆分后与拆分前的意思是否相同。如果意思不变，可以拆分，否则不行。 page 14that的用法的用

11、法 that可作定语从句中的主语（取代who或which），宾语（取代who或whom或which） 关系代词作表语，必须使用that，指代人或物，可以省略。 e.g. my father is no longer the man (that) he was. my hometown is not the small town that it used to be twenty years ago. that的特殊用法 (必须使用必须使用that的情况的情况或不能使用或不能使用that情况情况).page 15必须使用必须使用that的情况的情况 当先行词是人+事物时 e.g.they tal

12、ked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.the police had great trouble in diverting the men and the cars that had blocked the way. 当先行词跟在系动词be后作表语，或关系词本身作定语从句的表语时，关系代词必须用that，但也可以省略e.g.my father is no longer the man (that) he was. he thought his daughter would be the dancer (that) she

13、 always wanted to be. its a book (that) will help you a great deal.page 16 当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词如the first, the last 等词修饰时。 e.g. this is the best film that i have ever seen. this is the first choice that i have made. she is the most careful girl that i have ever known. this is the last letter that i recei

14、ved from him. 当先行词前面有the only, the very, one of, any, no, every, few, little等词修饰时。 e.g. the only person that seems to know the truth is doctor brown. any person that wants to succeed must work hard. there is no difficulty that we can not overcome. i have read all the books that can be borrowed here.

15、 page 17 当先行词本身为不定代词如anything, something, nothing, everything, all, much, few, little, none, the one时。e.g. all that i want is peace and stability. there is little that i can do. there is nothing that i can tell you. i have tried everything that i can think of. i do not mean this one. i mean the one

16、that was bought yesterday.注意：anybody, nobody, everybody等不在此列。 page 18不能使用不能使用that的情况的情况 当定语从句前有介词时，关系代词不能用that。 that不能用于非限制性定于从句。 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, those, 指人时，用who。e.g. those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed. 当先行词是he时，用who。(多谚语) e.g. he who plays with fire g

17、ets burnt.he who laughs at last laughs best. 当先行词本身是that时，用which或who避免重复不能用于非限制性定于从句。e.g. whats that which flashed in the sky just now?page 19whose的用法的用法 whose作定语从句中的定语，表示所修饰的“某（些）人的”或“某物的” 。 e.g. the boy whose name is tom is the top student in my class. look at the house whose roof is red.注意：注意： 当w

18、hose指代物时，whose+从句结构 =of which+从句 =of which the+从句 e.g. look at the house whose roof is red. look at the house, the roof of which is red. look at the house, of which the roof is red.page 20as的用法的用法 1) as用于限制性定语从句so as；suchas；the sameas；2) as用于非限制性定语从句。代表所修饰的句子，作用相当于which，但比which多一层“正如”的意思。 e.g. she is very careful, as (= which) her work shows. it is like a snake, as (= which) anybody can see.但要注意，当as从句置于句首时，as不能由which取代。e.g. as he had hoped, he saw the play. page 213) as的习惯用语as we all know 众所周知as is well-known 众所周知as has been