名词性从句课件HELEN122

1、 名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句主语从句subject clause 宾语从句宾语从句object clause 表语从句表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句同位语从句appositive clause辨别下列名词性从句的类别：辨别下列名词性从句的类别：1.How the book will sell depends on its author.2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently

2、.4.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 5.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S.6.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句宾语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句7.What I want to do is taking a bath.8.The

3、 news that they won the game spread the whole school.9.I dont think he is an honest boy.10.The fact is that he stole the car.11.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?12.Do you know the man who is standing over there?13.It is said that they won the game.( (主从主从) )( (同位语从句同位语从句) )( (宾从宾从) )( (表从表

4、从) )( (同位语从句同位语从句) )( (定从定从) )( (主从主从) ) 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：连接词：that, whether, if连接代词连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：连接副词：when, where, how, why1. that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，何成分，本本身也没有词义身也没有词义 2. 中可省略中可省略. 3.不充不充当介当介 4.引导主语从句、引导主语从

5、句、和同位语从句和同位语从句,that不不可省略。可省略。 名词从句中名词从句中that的用法的用法That/wh-clause + v + （主语从句主语从句）S +be/link.v + that/wh-clause表语从句表语从句S + vt + that/wh-clause宾语从句宾语从句S + vi + prep + wh-clause宾语从句宾语从句 名词性从句名词性从句的结构的结构 断句方法同定语从句断句方法同定语从句： 1. 含有关系词的：含有关系词的： 始始关系词关系词 末末第二个谓语动词之前第二个谓语动词之前 2. 不含关系词的：不含关系词的： 始始（句中）主谓结构（句中）

6、主谓结构 末末第二个谓语动词之前第二个谓语动词之前 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语itit代替，而本身代替，而本身放在句子末尾。放在句子末尾。 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：语从句的连接词没有变化。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succe

7、ed or not. what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语句子成分，如主语,宾语宾语,表语，而表语，而that 则不然。则不然。例如：例如： 1) _you said yesterday is right. 2) _she is still alive is a good thing. It is right what you said yesterday.It is a good thing that she is still alive.WhatThat2. what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别 另注意另

8、注意:在主语从句中用来表示在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气谓语动词要用虚拟语气 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：，常用的句型有： wIt is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that wIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that 主语从句中的主语从句中的“主谓一致主谓一致”：1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数主句的谓语动词用

9、单数形式形式.That they will come _certain.2. What 引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定表语的单复数决定.What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.注意注意isareis断断句句始始:连接词连接词,末末:第二个谓语动词之前第二个谓语动词之前 始始:空格空格,末末:第二个谓语动词之前第二个谓语动词之前 that/whether/if what/who/when/where/why/how 形式主语选形式主语选 It主语从句做题思路：主语从句做题

10、思路：w1._in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account. .(2005上海上海) A. What is required B .What requires C. It is required D. It requiresw2. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2006 北京北京) A. This B. There

11、is C .That is D. It isw3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海上海) A .where B .what C .that D. howExercises 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词在主句谓语动词 (及物动词及物动词) 或介词之后。或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 (1) 由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句

12、(that 通常可以省略通常可以省略), 例如：例如： I heard that he joined the army. (2) 由由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语作介词的宾语 例如：例如： O

13、ur success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作）合作）with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语，作形容词的宾语，例如：例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. I am sure (that) he will win the game.4. it 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中

14、。中。 例如：例如： We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.5. 否定的转移否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：_._我认为这件衣我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。服不适合你穿。 I dont think the dres

15、s fits you well注意：在注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示等表示要求、命令、要求、命令、建议、决定建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用句常用“（should）+ 动词原形动词原形”。wI insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。我坚持要她自己工作。 wThe commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司司令员

16、命令部队马上出发。令员命令部队马上出发。 注意注意:宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。使用不同时态。例如：例如： I know (that) he studies English every day. I know (that) he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study English next year. I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. 当

17、主句动词是过去时态当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），除外），从句则要用相应的过从句则要用相应的过去时态去时态.如一般过去时，过去进行时，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：仍用现在时态。例如： The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 断断句句始始:空格空格 末末:第二个谓语动词之前第二个谓语动词之前 that/whether/ifwhat/whowhen/where/why

18、/how宾语从句做题思路：宾语从句做题思路：注意：陈述语序注意：陈述语序 时态一致时态一致Exercises: “it”作形式主语或形式宾语：作形式主语或形式宾语： 1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhil

19、e B. that Cif Dfor 4. Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back? A. weB. yourselfC. itD. them ABBC 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句主语连系动词表语从句”。可以。可以接表语从句的连系动词有接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外，等。另外，常用的还有常用的还有the reason is that 和和It is because,a

20、s,as if ,as though.Things are not always as they seem to be.事物并不总是如其表象。事物并不总是如其表象。He looks as if hes tired. 他好像累了。他好像累了。 例如：例如：w1) The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time.w2) This is _ we cant get the support of the people.w3) But the fact remains _ we are behind the othe

21、r classes.w4) The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus. whether/howwhythatwhythatExercises1.Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.(2006 上海上海春季春季) A. which B. that C. when D. why2.Do you have any idea_ is actually going on in the cl

22、assroom? (2005辽宁辽宁) A. that B. what c. as D. which3. There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever.(2002上海上海) A. that B. which c. of which D. what4.Information has been put forward_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 1.

23、 同位语从句的功能同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而

24、是被别同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作作某个成分（主语或宾语）某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的，而同位语从句中的that是连词，是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性

25、的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如：。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一（第一个个that引导的从句是定语从句，引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）在从句中作宾语）2)The n

26、ews that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，（同位语从句，that在句中不作在句中不作任何成分）任何成分）1. 1.主语从句主语从句 Whether he will come is unknown. 2. 表语从句，如：表语从句，如：The question is whether you should accept it.3. 同位语从句，如：同位语从句，如：The question whether hell attend the meeting is not decided.

27、4. 从句作介词的宾语，如：从句作介词的宾语，如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money. 5. 直接跟不定式连用，如：直接跟不定式连用，如：She hasnt decided whether to go or not.用if 或whether 填空w1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.w2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.w3. The questio

28、n is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.w5. _ they can do it matters little to us.w6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf that在同位语从句在同位语从句与定语从句的与定语从句的（I）试比较下面两个例句）试比较下面两个例句: 1.The suggestion that he raised a

29、t the meeting is very good.2.The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引导定语从句引导定语从句, 作宾语作宾语, 可以省略）可以省略） （that引导同位语从句引导同位语从句,在从句中不担在从句中不担当任何成分，但不可以省略）当任何成分，但不可以省略） 辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句1.We heard the news that our team had won.2.We must face the

30、fact that we had spent all our money.3. The news that he told me yesterday was false.4. I have no doubt that he will come soon. 5. The fact is that we have spent all our money.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句表语从句表语从句翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。1.What he wants is

31、 a book.2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.3.Im so glad that I can make friends with you.4.This is why he did it.5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet?6.That he wants a book is certain.7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this ac

32、tivity.8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much.9.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well.10.The problem is whether you can sing it well.11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.12.Please tell me who your monitor is. 主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从

33、句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句(1) They want to know _ do to help us.(1) They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they A. what can they B. what they can B. what they can C. how they can C. how they can D. how can they D. how can they(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ri

34、ng?(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putA. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _.(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and s

35、ee _. A. who is he A. who is he B. who he is B. who he is C. who is it D. who it isBCI.语序问题语序问题考点归纳考点归纳D归纳归纳 在名词性从句中，除了在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首关联词在从句之首外，外，其它部分其它部分应用应用_的语序的语序。陈述陈述II.用用if 或或whether 填空填空w1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.w2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.w3. The question is

36、_ this book is worth writing.w4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.w5. _ they can do it matters little to us.w6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without youwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用面的宾语从句只能用_，不能用，不能用if ；b.后面紧跟后面紧跟 or not 时时

37、, 用用_.归纳归纳whetherwhetherIII. that 与与whether / if 的选择：的选择： (1) _ knowledge comes from practice is known to all. WhatB. WhereC. If D. That(2) It makes no difference _ our sports meet will be held this week or next week. A. thatB. eitherC. whetherD. when(3) I doubt _ he will come soon.(4) I do not doub

38、t _ he will come soon.(5) Do you doubt _ he will come soon?whether / ifthatthat 表示是否时用表示是否时用_,表示肯定时用表示肯定时用_归纳归纳whether /ifthat1._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.2._ the earth is round is known to us all.3. _ he won the race was _ we expected.that:what: _只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义只起连接作

39、用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义_起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语， 表示表示“所所的的”。ThatWhatThatwhat归纳归纳. that， what引导名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句的区别. what & whatever who & whoever which & whichever 引导名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句的区别1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.2. _we need is more time.3._ made the long distance call to him

40、is not important.4._ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverw _等引导的名词性从句等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而而w_等引导的名词性从等引导的名词性从句都句都含有疑问意义含有疑问意义。Whoever,whateverWho, what 1. Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.which B. thatC. whatever D.

41、all what2. These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them.which B. thatC. whatever D. all what3. _ kills, sells or eats wild animals or birds, is to blame.AnyoneB. Anyone whoC. Those who D. ThoseExercises. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气：名词性从句中的虚拟语气：He suggested that a meeting (should) be held i

42、mmediately. It was suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. His suggestion was that a meeting (should) be held immediately.He made a suggestion that a meeting (should) be held immediately. 1.表示表示建议建议, 请求请求, 命令命令, 要求要求,坚持坚持等的名词性从句中等的名词性从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气.归纳归纳2.在主语从句中用来表示在主语从句中用来表示惊奇惊

43、奇, 不相信不相信,惋惜惋惜,理应如此理应如此等等, 谓谓语动词用虚拟语气语动词用虚拟语气( should ) + do,常用句型有常用句型有 1)It is necessary( important, natural, strange, etc) that 2) It is a pity( a shame, no wonder etc,)that e.g.It is strange that she (should) think so. 真题真题再现再现1. (NMET 1995) is a fact that English is being accepted as an internat

44、ional language.A. There B. This C. That D. It2.(NMET 1996) we cant get seems better than we have.A. What,what B. What,that C. That,thatD. That,what3.(NMET 2001春春)I read about it in some book or other, does it matter it was?A.where B.what C.how D.whichDAD4.(NMET 1997)Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. however B.whatever C. whichever D.wherever5.(NMET 1999) I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that you had a few days off?A.why B.when C.what D.where6.(上海上海2