各个时态的句子结构及标志词

1、各个时态的句子结构及标志词一、一般现在时1. 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。一般现在时用动词原形表示。如主语 为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式。2. 标志词：Always, usually, ofte n, sometimes, every week day, year, month，once a weekyear, month ，on Sun days3. 肯定形式 ：动词 +动词原形 +其他4. 否认形式：主语+am/is/are +not+其他；此时态的谓语动词假设为行为动词，那么为：主语+do+not+动词原形+其他，如主语为第三人称单数，那么用：主语+

2、does+not+动词原形+其他。is not 缩写:isn, are not缩写:aren, does not缩写：doesn tdo not 缩写：don t5. 般疑问句：be+主语+其他？Do/Does+主语+其他？6. 例句 ： 1. I often have dinner at home. 我经常在家吃饭。I dontofter have dinner at home.Do you often have dinner at home?2. Tom likes singing. 汤姆喜欢唱歌。Tom doesn litke singing.Does Ton like singing?

3、3. He is always ready to help others. 他总是准备着去帮助别人。He is not always ready to help others.Is he always ready to help otheres?般过去时1. 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。用动词的过去时表示。2. 时间状语： , yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, lastyear, night, month时间词 ,+ago, two years ago , in/on+表示过去的时间词in

4、1989 , just now 冈H才，at the age of 5,one day, long long ago 很久以前，once upon a time 曾经3. 根本结构：be动词was, were;行为动词的过去式助动词：did4. 肯定形式 ：主语+动词的过去时 +其他5. 否认形式：主语+was/were +not+其他；主语+did not+动词原形+其他 did not缩写：didn 6. 般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时复原行为动词。即：was/were+主语+其他？Did+主语+动词原形+其他？7. 例句： 1. Shecame

5、to help us last month. 上个月她来帮助了我们。She did not cometo help us last month.Did shecome to help you last month？2. He was a student two years ago. 两年前他是一名学生。He was not a student two years ago.Was he a student two years ago?般将来时1. 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、方案或准备做某事。2. 时间状语： Tomorrow, n ext dayweek, mon th, ye

6、ar,so很1 快,in a few mi nutes 几分钟之后,byby 2000,到 2000 年时,the day after tomorrow, in+ 时间状语in two hours两小时后，in the future在将来in future 从今，往后3. 肯定结构：主语+am/is/are +going to +动词原形+其他；主语+will/shall + 动词原形+其他.4. 否认形式：主语+am/is/are+not+ going to+动词原形 ； 主语+will/shall+not+动词原形+其他.will not 缩写：won shall not 缩写：shant

7、5. 般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。Be+主语+goi ng to+动词原形+其他？Will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他？四. 现在进行时1. 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2. 时间状语：Now, at this time 此时，at this moment此刻,look, listen, at present, these days, this week3. 肯定形式：主语+be +doing +其他4. 否认形式：主语+be +not +doing+其他5. 般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。Be+主语+doing+其他？6. 例句：1. The

8、y are going to have a competition竞赛with us in studies.他们班将要和我们班在学习上进行一次竞赛。They are not going to have a competiti on with us in studies.Are they going to have a competiti on with us in studies?2. It will/shall rain in a few mi nutes.几分钟之后要下雨了。It will/shall not rea in in a few minu tes.Will/Shall it r

9、ain in a few min utes?7. 不用进行时的动词1事实状态的动词 :have, bel ong, possess, cost, owe, exist, in clude, contain, matter, weigh, measure, con ti nueI have two brothers.This house bel ongs to my sister.2心理状态的动词 ：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget

10、, prefer, mean, un dersta nd, love, hateI n eed your help.He loves her very much.3 瞬间动词:accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4 系动词:seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little tired.五. 过去进行时1. 概念：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在

11、进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作2. 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3. 常用的时间状语 :just the n那时,at this time yesterday, yesterday after noon, at that time, this morning,the whole morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, those days或以 when,while引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。4.

12、过去进行时结构：was/were +动词的现在分词 否认句那么在 was/were后加一个not,疑问句将 was/were提前那么可。女口： He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday.t He was not readi ng a book at 5:00 yesterday.t Was he readi ng a book at 5:00 yesterday? (Yes, he was./ No, he was nt.) t What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday?5. 过去进行时和一般过去时的标志1 过去进行时表示

13、 过去某时正在进行的动作|,而一般过去时那么表示一个|完成的动作|。也就是说用一般过去 时，只表示有过这件事；用过去进行时，那么强调动作的连续性。 I wrote a letter this morning.今天上午我写了一圭寸信。信写完了I was writi ng a letter this morni ng.今天上午我在写一圭寸信。信不一定写完 The children watched TV yesterday evening.昨天晚上孩子们看了电视。强调过去发生了这件事The childre n were watchi ng TV yesterday evening.昨晚孩子们都在看电

14、视。强调昨晚看电视这一动作的持续性6. when和while的区别：他们作附属连词时都有“当.时候之意，用法稍有不同： when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词只能是延续性动词。 when引导的从句谓语动词如果是短暂性动词那么用一般过去时，主句是延续性动词那么用过去进行时，从句动作发生在主句动作的时间段之内长动作用过去进行时，短动作用一般过去时；如果主句和从句两个谓语动词都是延续性动词那么全部用过去进行时，这时when和while都可以用。 when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as

15、从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。 when和while两个词还可以用作并列连词，但意思不同，when相当于“在那时，等于at that time或这一点暂时可以不掌握when + 短 /延 while + 延just then;而while那么相当于“而；去卩；但是；相当于but,表示比照关系。 eg. (1) I was playing computer games when my father got home.=When my father got home,I was playi ng computer games.(2) Mother was cook ing whe n

16、/while I was coing my homework.=Whe n/While I was doing my homework, mother was cooking.六、现在完成时1. 用法1:表示：过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志词： already, yet, just, ever, n ever, before2. 用法2:表示：过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。标志词：for, since, since ago3. 根本结构：助动词have/has +动词的过去分词当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have1肯定式：主语 + have /

17、has +过去分词2否认式：主语 + have / has + not +过去分词3一般疑问句：Have / Has +主语+过去分词Yes,主语 + have/has.肯定No,主语 + havent/hasnt.否认4特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词4. for和since的区别：for+时间段 since+时间点4. 注意：非延续性动词不能用“现在完成时 +表示一段时间的状语的句型中。这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, fin ish, joi n, borrow, stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词

18、替换句中的非延续性性动词。例如： arrive, come t be here, be in buy t havebegin, start t be on ;die t be deadfinish, end t be overgo out t be outjoin t be inborrow t keepfinish/end t be overclose t be closed leave, move t be away; fall asleep t be asleep5. 比拟过去时与现在完成时1过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事

19、情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语 :yesterday, last week,ago, in1980, in October, just now,具体的时间状语共同的时间状语 :this morning, tonight,this April, now, once , before, already, recently, lately 现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach,