2017-2020年上海高考英语概要写作(Summary)

1、2017耳上海未寺美的施具写件Shvness.If you suffer from shyness, you arc not alone, for shyness is universal phenomenon. It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes. The first emiroiiniental cause of shyness may be a childs home and family life. Todays children are growing u

2、p in smaller and smaller families, with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbors and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel shy

3、when they start school.A second environment cause of shyness in an individual may be ones culture. In a large study conducted in Japan. 57 percent of participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zmibardo say, One explanation is tliat in Japan, an individuals performan

4、ce success is credited externally to parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and others, while failure is entirely blamed on the person. Therefore, Japanese learn not to take risks in public and rely instead on group-shared decisions.Technology may also play a role. In the United States, the numbe

5、r of young people who report being shy has risen from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years. Due to our huge advances in technology, watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Web have replaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people. Adults, t

6、oo, are becoming more isolated as a result of technology. Face-to-face interactions with bank clerks, gas station attendants, and shop assistants are no longer necessary because people can use machines to do their banking, fill their gas tanks, and order goods. In short, they become shy.It appears t

7、hat most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company.答案：Shyness is common and it has emironmental causes, includmg home and family life, culture and technology. Firstly, witli smaller families and working parents, children lack soc

8、ial interactions. Secondly, blaming failure on individuals causes people m some culture to be shy in public. Finally, with die development of technology, people have fewer opportunities to socialize in person. (56 words)2018耳上海未寺美的施具写作Learning by Rote in the Digital AgeRote leammg has become seen as

9、 an outdated method of teaching. Tlie dictionary defines leanimg by rote as: from memory, without thought of the meaning; in a mechanical wayThe decline of rote leammg has been quickened by technology. No one needs to memorize friends phone numbers or email addresses because such data is convenientl

10、y stored and accessible electronically. And why remember when and where World War Two broke out when you can find the answer on the mtemet in about 6 seconds? But now there are voices fora need to return to rote leammg.In fact, memorizing key data is essential to learning any skill. Doctoring requir

11、es knowledge of medicine and lawyering requires knowledge of cases and laws. Of course, being able to recall things will not fiirther your understandmg of those tilings, but without memorizing these foundation elements, you cannot progress to a deeper understandmg of a subject.XVTiile the mtemet and

12、 computers ha-e weakened the need for us to remember thuigs, it may well be tliat mobile leanung can help brmg this style of leammg back to life by making it more convenient and more fim.Dnlhiig yourself -with flashcards or by repetition- is usually hard and boring work, which is why most people nee

13、d tlieir multiplication tables to be drilled into them by teachers or parents. Rote learning witliout a willing third party can be a battle of discipline and motivation. But mobile leariuxig can make those flashcards and drills more appropriate to individual study; our digital devices can challenge

14、and mfbrm us at the same time and also keep us motn-ated. whether through game-like structures or recording our progress.Once youve acquired the essentials of a subject by rote learning, you will find it easier to go deeper in die application of knowledge which is important.答案： Rote learning means m

15、echamcal memorization. Although teclmology makes it less needed, its value is being rediscovered. Rote learning helps people acquire basic knowledge, laying a fbimdation for fiirtlier understandmg. In fact, technology makes mobile learning possible, which motivates learning in rote learning and make

16、s memorization more interestmg and individualized.To Laugh Is HumanMost of us dont know why we laugh at some jokes and not at others. Scientists know that we are able to laugh at birth. Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age, well before they produce their first words. What scientists

17、are interested in is why we laugh.Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes us feel connected with one another, which in turn gives us a sense of trust and comfort. To scientists, laughter is an unconscious reaction; consequently, when we laugh, others can be certain tha

18、t it is an honest reaction, and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships.Since laughter is seen as a social signal that we send to others, it can also help explain why it is so infectious. Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny, they are 20 times more likely

19、 to laugh when they are with others than when they are alone. Wanting to be accepted by others is part of human nature. And mirroring other peoples laugliter is a way to signal to others that you feel the way they do, which makes us feel more connected with one another.Humans have not always laughed

20、 just so they can feel closer to others, however Scientists point out that tliis social fimction of laughter was bom out of an even more fundamental human need. Laugliter, they believe, came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laugliter ensu

21、red our ancestors a higher survival rate because it led to greater cooperation benveen individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cooperation led to survival, and the brain in tum realized that laughing with others increased out chances of finding people to cooperate, hunt, eat, live, and even

22、tually, survive with.答案：Scientists thuik humans are bom with the ability to laugli. but why do we laugh? We laugh to feel closer to one another. Laughter helps us to be recognized so we laugli more in groups than when alone. Laughter also evolved from a more basic need to survive as it promoted coop

23、eration, enabluig humans to survive better (59w)Laugliter is unconscious, mfectious and basic. It brmgs us a trustworthy, comfortable and honest feeling, thus better maintaining friendships. Chances are that we laugli more with others arornid. contributing to promptmg recogiution and feelmg more con

24、nected with one anotlier Scientists assure that laugliter resulted in greater cooperation behveen mdn-iduals m ancient times, as better cooperation leads to survival. (58w)2018耳上海及清美体施具写件Becoming an Attractive EmployeeThe 2008 financial crisis created ail unstable job market. Fast-fbnvard to the pre

25、sent, and the economy has not fiilly recovered. Thus, its of vital unportance for job seekers to carefiilly strategize their approach to job application. And its especially miportant for those new to the work force. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers.For yoi

26、mg people, infbnnation technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As die generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off tlieir interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking experti

27、se（专,业技能）in technology, marketing and networking. Tliey should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask.Another attractive quality is experience. Its important that an applicants resume list any activities that invoked teamwork and goal-dm-en responsibiliti

28、es. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of tliis. These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to fbciis while competmg on a team. When luring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of workmg in a

29、variety of environments.Finally an attractive quality when job-huntiiig is a great attitude toward a potential job. Ybung job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee

30、will be a good fit for a company, not the otlier way around.In fact, in ail interview, an important question to ask is: What would be expected of me as ail employee? H In todays tougli job market, yoimg job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them.答案：How can young

31、people attract their future employers? First, they need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills m information technology. Second, they should mclude in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. Finally, they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taknig

32、fiiture employers expectations into consideration.2019 4上海未修翼体施要您作Where Are the Bees?Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate (给授粉)largeareas of crops, such as strawberries, apples and onions. About a tlmd of the food we eat is a result of pollina

33、tion of die bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearmg at an alarming rate.Iii 2006, bee keepers started reportmg about somethmg called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD). The mam sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006. some beekeepers reported that they had los

34、t between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do witli pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeepers get most of their mcome not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants.

35、 This means that the life of die typical bee now consists of traveling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. Tliat means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressfill to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In ad

36、dition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on tmcks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from com, usually polluted witli pesticides.The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. Tlie

37、 bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food prices. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the loss

38、 of that tiny flying insect.答案：Bees are necessary for people because one third of the food we eat is pollmated by bees. But bees are disappearing because of too much pressure ob beehrves in tmcks or being killed by pesticides, which may influence the quality of food and mcreased food prices, and cau

39、se great losses to economic development.2019 4上海及看关体施要雷作Its undeniable: Bemg among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. Theres the excitement of domg what has never been done before-die feeling tliat youYe living in die ftiture. And when youre die sole member of your social circle

40、 with the latest hot gadget, people stare m fascination. They ask you questions. They see you as die holder of powerful secret knowledge-for a little while, until the next big thing comes along. People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one.

41、Dont fall into the early adopter trap. Dont jom the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest media-hyped hardware; instead, wait and see.To put it frankly, early adoption is a bad investment. First, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive tha

42、t those devices will ever be. Companies are presumably attemptmg to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and they know that there are serious tech-lovers who will pay a great deal to be first. Once the【evenues from early adopters* purchases are safely in their hands, tliey can cut the

43、 price and shift to the next niarketmg phase: selling the product to everyone else. Tliis is why the cost of the onguial iPhone dropped about U. S. $200 only eight montlis after its release. Plus, electronics hardly ever become more expensive because intense competition in the industry puts downward pressure on prices over tmie. Prices of gadgets will fall shortly after relea