Chapter 5 Success Stories

1、HP ?HP=惠普惠普HP = Harry Potter，哈利，哈利波特波特HP = hit point，抗击打指数，指的游戏中的，抗击打指数，指的游戏中的角色或其它事物抗击打的数值。角色或其它事物抗击打的数值。 HP = health power，健康指数，指游戏中角，健康指数，指游戏中角色的生命值，或称游戏角色的血量。色的生命值，或称游戏角色的血量。MP=magic power ESP=experienceHP = House of Parliament (英国英国)议会两院。议会两院。HP = Hot Plate ，热盘，热盘CP = Cold Plate ，冷盘，冷盘actor n.

2、someone who performs in a play演员演员成龙和刘德华都是著名的演员。成龙和刘德华都是著名的演员。Jacky Chan and Andy Lau are bothfamous actors. actress n. 女演员女演员stunning adj. extremely attractive orbeautiful 极好的极好的 stunningly adv.她是一个极漂亮的姑娘，我无法把目光从她身上她是一个极漂亮的姑娘，我无法把目光从她身上移开。移开。 She was a stunning girl. I couldnt take myeyes off her.s

3、trict adj. demanding that rules should be obeyed严格的严格的strict instruction/rulesstrict Muslim/vegetarian: someone whoobeys all the rules of a particular kindbe strict with sb. 对某人严格要求对某人严格要求be strict in sth. 对某事严格要求对某事严格要求李老师总是在英语学习上对我们严格要求。李老师总是在英语学习上对我们严格要求。Ms. Li is always strict with us in our Eng

4、lish study.strictness n.while conj. at the same time as当当时候；然而时候；然而; 虽然虽然 他读报时他读报时,她听得很仔细。她听得很仔细。 She listened closely while he was reading thenewspaper.He was so tired that he fell asleep while readingnewspaper. 趁热打铁。趁热打铁。 Strike while the iron is hot. 我喜欢喝茶我喜欢喝茶,而她喜欢喝咖啡。而她喜欢喝咖啡。 I like tea while s

5、he likes coffee. show differences虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色,但我不喜欢它的样式。但我不喜欢它的样式。 While I like the color of the hat, I do not like itsstyle. while n. =a period of time, esp. a short time一段时间一段时间for a whileHe sat for a while, thinking what to do next.in a while我一会儿就回来。我一会儿就回来。Ill be back in a while. all

6、 the while=all the time=always once in a while=sometimes, although not often=from time to time=at timesItd be nice if youd write to me once in a while. when & while 易混词辨析（易混词辨析（1）when和和while都可以用来引导时间状语从句，表示都可以用来引导时间状语从句，表示“当当的时候，具体区别是：的时候，具体区别是：while后面的从句后面的从句一般用于进行时态一般用于进行时态，动作同时发生，动作同时发生；when则说明从句

7、的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也则说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生的。可以是先后发生的。当他父亲在看电视时，他母亲在厨房做饭。当他父亲在看电视时，他母亲在厨房做饭。While his father is watching TV, his mother is cooking in the kitchen.我在街上看到她时，我在街上看到她时， 她正在打电话。她正在打电话。When I saw her in the street, she was talking on the phone.quit v. quit-quit-quitting leave a job, schoo

8、l, esp. because you are annoyed or unhappy离开离开,辞职辞职to stop doing sth. badquit doing sth.=give up doing sth.I wish youd quit complaining.如果他不付房租如果他不付房租,他将被通知搬出去他将被通知搬出去。 If he doesnt pay his rent, he will receive notice to quit.If I dont get a pay rise, Ill quit.若不给加薪若不给加薪, 我就不干了。我就不干了。 chance n. a t

9、ime when it is possible to do sth.机会机会a good/fair/slight chance(of)a fifty-fifty chance: when the chances happeningor not happening are equala million to one chance= a million to one shot:when sth. is extremely unlikely to happentake the chance抓住机会抓住机会miss the chance to do 失去做某事的机会失去做某事的机会get / have

10、 / gain the chance to do sth. 获得做某事的机会获得做某事的机会 by chance 偶然，意外地偶然，意外地 =by accident; accidentally这是学习英语的好机会。这是学习英语的好机会。 It is a good chance to study English. 他这样做是有意还是无意他这样做是有意还是无意? Did he do so on purpose or by chance? performance n. an act of performing表演表演, 演出演出 performer n.give a performanceperfo

11、rm v. perform well/badly表演在八点钟开始。表演在八点钟开始。 The performance started at eight.祝贺你出色的表演！祝贺你出色的表演！Congratulations on your excellent performance!这些学生下星期五将演出歌剧。这些学生下星期五将演出歌剧。 The students will perform an opera next Friday. support vt.=help or encourage sb. or sth.支撑支撑; 支持；忍受支持；忍受; 抚养抚养;为为提供证据提供证据support s

12、b. in sth. strongly support: support sth. very much你能举几个例子来证实你的想法吗你能举几个例子来证实你的想法吗? Can you give some examples to support youridea? 他们支持中国共产党。他们支持中国共产党。 They supported Communist Party of China.CCP老人由儿子扶着进了房间。老人由儿子扶着进了房间。 The old man entered the room supported by his son. 他要抚养一大家人。他要抚养一大家人。support a l

13、arge familyHe has a large family to support. supporter n. 支持者支持者;拥护者拥护者;援助者援助者a strong/firm supporterManchester United supporters我是一个法律公正的坚强支持者。我是一个法律公正的坚强支持者。Im a strong supporter of law justice. 谁是养活全家的人？谁是养活全家的人？Who is the supporter of the family? supporting adj.supporting wallsupporting idea/par

14、t/role/actorwhenever conj. at any time无论何时无论何时我告诉他什么时候想回来就回来。我告诉他什么时候想回来就回来。 I told him to come back whenever he wants to.每当我哭时，妈妈就安慰我。每当我哭时，妈妈就安慰我。Whenever I cry, mother comforts me.-Could I come over around six?- Whenever.personal adj. =private, not others私人的私人的; 本人的本人的a personal letter personal d

15、etailspersonal possessions/belongings/propertypersonal developmentIts my personal affair. 这是我的私事。这是我的私事。 He made a personal call. 他亲自打来电话。他亲自打来电话。PA=personal assistantPIN=personal identification number person n. a human being人人one persontwo persons=two peoplea lot ofpeoplefirst/second/third personin

16、 person: If you do in person, you do it by goingsomewhere yourself, not by letterYou have to sign for the parcel in person.personality n. 人格人格,品格品格;个性个性,性格性格他的人品给我们留下了深刻的印象。他的人品给我们留下了深刻的印象。 His personality left a deep impression on us.她性格坚强。她性格坚强。 She has a strong personality. appointment n.=arrange

17、ment for sth. (尤指正式尤指正式的的)约会约会(+with)；约见；任命；约见；任命; 职位职位今晚我与他有个约会。今晚我与他有个约会。 I have an appointment with him in the evening.报上报导了任命一位新校长的消息。报上报导了任命一位新校长的消息。 The appointment of a new headmaster was reported in the newspaper. 我同意担任主席一职。我同意担任主席一职。 I accepted the appointment as chairman. make an appointme

18、nt with sb. 与某人订约会与某人订约会我约了牙医今晚七点会面。我约了牙医今晚七点会面。 I have an appointment with the dentist at seven。遵守遵守/失约失约keep / break ones appointment与某人预约与某人预约make / fix an appointment with sb.按照约定按照约定by appointmentappoint v.=choose sb. for a positionappoint sb. He was appointed as Chairman of the Council.the app

19、ointed/arranged time=the time that has been arrangedcancel v. cancel(l)ed/cancel(l)ingarrange that a plan will not happen取消取消;废除废除; 删除划掉删除划掉他把原稿上许多多余的词删掉。他把原稿上许多多余的词删掉。 He cancelled many unnecessary words in his manuscript.比赛因为下雨而取消了。比赛因为下雨而取消了。The game was cancelled because of the rain. =due to rai

20、n 同义表达方法：同义表达方法：call off cancel(l)ation n.The restaurant is fully booked for tonight, but sometimes there are cancelations.schedule n. a plan of what someone is goingto do and when they are going to do it日程表日程表full schedule=busy scheduleIve got a very full schedule today.制定进度表并且执行。制定进度表并且执行。 Set a s

21、chedule and stick to it.考试日程贴在墙上。考试日程贴在墙上。The examination schedule is posted up.on schedule 按时按时 ahead of/behind schedule我们按时完成了工作。我们按时完成了工作。 We finished our job on schedule.我们希望这项工作能按照预定时间完成。我们希望这项工作能按照预定时间完成。We expect the work to be completed on schedule.schedule v.to plan that something will happ

22、enat a particular timebe scheduled to do sth.The shop is scheduled to open before Christmas.scheduled flight: a plane service that flies atthe same time every day or every weekrefuse v. to say or show that you wont accept sth.拒绝拒绝an offer thats too good to refuse=so good that you cannot say norefuse

23、 to do sth. 拒绝做某事拒绝做某事那位妇女拒绝跟工人们道歉。那位妇女拒绝跟工人们道歉。 The woman refused to apologize to the workers. refusal n. (+to)His refusal to take the drug test causedhim to lose his job. declinerefuserejectturn down 指指“拒绝拒绝”，不去做别人要求你做的某事，不去做别人要求你做的某事agree to或不接受别人提供的某物或不接受别人提供的某物accept.decline/refuse an invitatio

24、n(拒绝邀请拒绝邀请)decline比比refuse更礼貌些，且口气不很坚决。更礼貌些，且口气不很坚决。refuse permission拒绝批准，不许可拒绝批准，不许可declinerejectturn down a suggestion拒绝建议拒绝建议reject/turn down a plan or proposal 拒绝计划或建议拒绝计划或建议用用decline是表示用言辞拒绝，而是表示用言辞拒绝，而 reject 和和 refuse 则不一定是用言辞拒绝则不一定是用言辞拒绝:Im afraid I must decline your invitation. (真抱真抱歉歉)我必须谢

25、绝你的邀请。（用言辞拒绝，切我必须谢绝你的邀请。（用言辞拒绝，切不十分坚决）不十分坚决）Im afraid I must decline to answer that question. （不能回答那个问题）（不能回答那个问题）The prisoner refused to give his name. 那个那个囚犯拒绝说出他的姓名。（很坚定）囚犯拒绝说出他的姓名。（很坚定）The horse refused to jump the fence.The horse refected/refused the apple.veto 否决：否决： The President vetoed the b

26、ill.这种词在这个栏目的节目中出现的真多！这种词在这个栏目的节目中出现的真多！另外，通过收听这个节目，发现国际事物中的一另外，通过收听这个节目，发现国际事物中的一些问题，有很多发达国家在处理和看待问题是，些问题，有很多发达国家在处理和看待问题是，是有明显是有明显“偏见偏见”的，经常用带有色眼镜的视的，经常用带有色眼镜的视角去看待处理问题，如种族问题，国际事物等：角去看待处理问题，如种族问题，国际事物等： 用用decline是表示用言辞拒绝，而是表示用言辞拒绝，而 reject 和和 refuse 则不一定是用言辞拒绝则不一定是用言辞拒绝:Im afraid I must decline yo

27、ur invitation.The prisoner refused to give his name. 那个囚犯拒绝说出他的姓名。那个囚犯拒绝说出他的姓名。The horse rejected/refused the apple.reject拒不接受提供的东西，语气坚决。拒不接受提供的东西，语气坚决。turn down是是reject的非正式说法。的非正式说法。refuse表拒绝表拒绝,尽管对方很希望你接受；尽管对方很希望你接受；decline客气得表示不能或者不愿接受。客气得表示不能或者不愿接受。 manage vt. 管理；经营；控制管理；经营；控制；设法做到设法做到 vi. 管理；设法

28、应付过去管理；设法应付过去manage to do sth. 设法做某事设法做某事她设法用英语表达自己的意思。她设法用英语表达自己的意思。 She managed to make herself understoodin English.他替家族经营一家旅馆。他替家族经营一家旅馆。 He manages a hotel for his family. 老板不在时谁来管理老板不在时谁来管理? Who will manage while the boss is away?manageable adj. manager/management n.【辨析】【辨析】manage to do sth. &

29、 try to do sth.manage to do sth.的意思是成功地做到的意思是成功地做到（了）某事，是有明确结果的；（了）某事，是有明确结果的；He managed to pass the exam.他通过了考试。他通过了考试。=He was successful in passing the exam.=He succeeded in passing the exam.try to do sth.强调努力做某事，但能不能成功强调努力做某事，但能不能成功,结果不太确定。结果不太确定。他努力要通过考试。他努力要通过考试。 He tried to pass the exam.=He d

30、id/tried his best to pass the exam.By the age of eighteen he was completely independent of his parents. independent adj. confident, free ,not needing others独立的独立的18 岁之前他就不再依赖父母，完全自食其力了。岁之前他就不再依赖父母，完全自食其力了。The country became fully independent from France in 1960. 这个国家于这个国家于1960 年摆脱法国控制，取得了完全的独立。年摆脱法国

31、控制，取得了完全的独立。 independence n. 独立独立 independently adv. depend v. depend on/upon sb. / sth. dependence n.依赖依赖 dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的依靠的，依赖的 dependently adv.childhood n. the time when you are a child幼年时期幼年时期,童年时期童年时期汤姆是我童年的玩伴。汤姆是我童年的玩伴。Tom was my childhood playmate.他们从幼时起一直是好朋友。他们从幼时起一直是好朋友。They have be

32、en friends since childhood.-hoodneighborhood邻居邻居 likelihood可能性可能性falsehood谎言谎言manhood 大人大人, 成年期成年期boyhood少年时代少年时代 brotherhood兄弟关系兄弟关系; 手足手足sisterhood姐妹关系姐妹关系parenthood父母身份父母身份adulthood 成年成年 womanhood-女子成年身分女子成年身分girlhood-少女时代少女时代 fatherhood-父亲的身分父亲的身分汤姆是我童年的玩伴。汤姆是我童年的玩伴。Tom was my childhood playmate

33、.他们从幼时起一直是好朋友。他们从幼时起一直是好朋友。They have been friends since childhood.at a price a)以很高的以很高的价格价格You can buy excellent win here-at a price.a)以很高的代价以很高的代价他们可以帮你，不过代价不低。他们可以帮你，不过代价不低。They will help you, but at a price.at a price of 付出付出的代价的代价成功是以努力工作为代价的。成功是以努力工作为代价的。Success comes at a price of hard work.at

34、 any price不惜任何代价不惜任何代价asking pricesale price fall ill 病倒病倒史密斯先生把所有的时间都花在工作上，最史密斯先生把所有的时间都花在工作上，最后，他积劳成疾了。后，他积劳成疾了。 Mr. Smith spent all his time working. Finally, he fell ill from constant overwork. 此处此处fall为联系动词，接形容词做表语。为联系动词，接形容词做表语。注意：注意：fall fell fallen fall asleepfall silentin place of 代替代替现在塑料经

35、常被用来代替木料。现在塑料经常被用来代替木料。 Plastics are now often used in place of wood. =Plastics are now often used instead of wood.take the place of 取代取代,代替代替 (动词词组动词词组)在乡下拖拉机代替了马。在乡下拖拉机代替了马。Tractors have taken the place of horses in the countryside.call back 回电话回电话我在等他的电话，但是他并没有回电。我在等他的电话，但是他并没有回电。I was waiting fo

36、r his call, but he didnt call back. 他回来的时候能不能告诉他回电话给我？他回来的时候能不能告诉他回电话给我？Would you please tell him to call me back when hes back? 由由call 构成的词组：构成的词组：call for 要求要求 call on sb./ call at sp. 拜访拜访call in 召集召集call up 打电话给某人打电话给某人call after 以以的名字命名的名字命名母亲以婴孩的祖父的名字山姆来给他取名。母亲以婴孩的祖父的名字山姆来给他取名。 The mother call

37、ed the baby Sam after his grandfather. give somebody a hand 帮助某人帮助某人你能帮我邮寄这封信吗？你能帮我邮寄这封信吗？ Would you please give me a hand to post this letter? = Would you please do me a favor to post this letter?= Would you please help me to post this letter? give up 让出让出; 放弃放弃; 戒掉戒掉give up doing sth.他让座给一位老妇人。他让座给一位老妇人。 He gave up his seat to an old woman. 我真希望自己能戒烟。我真希望自己能戒烟。I wish I could give up smoking. give back 归还归还g