重庆专升本英语PPT演示文稿

1、1iii、非谓语动词、非谓语动词2n非谓语动词在句中不可单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的影响，但是可用作其他句子成分。非谓语动词有三种，即不定式，动名词和分词不定式，动名词和分词。3不定式和动名词的区别：不定式和动名词的区别： 不定式和动名词都可作主语,表语和宾语，有时二者可互换。但按照传统语法，二者的区别表现为： 4动名词表示：笼统、泛指的意思 / 抽象或经常性的动作 / 已成为过去或经验之谈 不定式表示：一时性的具体的或特定的动作 / 现在或将来的动作5n资料：例子n补充 :a postman duty is delivering mails. your task this morning

2、 is to deliver the papers to professor smith.6二、非谓语动词的句型二、非谓语动词的句型n(1) it takes sb. + some time + to do = sb. spend some time (in) doing n it took me three hours to finish my assignment.n i spend three hours ( in) finishing my assignment.7(2) it is + adj. + for sb. + to don不定式可以有自己的逻辑主语，通常有两种形式： for

3、 sb. + to do / of sb. + to do it is very difficult for us to finish the task .8(3) it is + adj. + of sb. + to don(常用的形容词有：kind, nice, considerate, thoughtful, stupid, wise, brave，good, careful, polite, rude, clever等.)表示人物性格，特征等形容词之后，常用of 引出不定式的在逻辑主语 9it was very nice of you to think so much of us.练习

4、题52n（4），（5）看资料10n(6) have difficulty (trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time) + (in) + doing sth. i have some difficulty in learning english grammar.n练习：练习：72题题11n(7)go + doing,表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动如:go + jogging(慢跑) /fishing / dancing/ skating / bowling(打保龄球)/ shopping / sightseeing / camping / surfing (冲浪

5、)12n(8) be busy + doing = be busy with sth. 忙着做 sb. spend time (money, energy) in doing sth.13n三、三、v1 + v2 的模式的模式( 这个部分的词汇及其用法需要牢记)n1. v1 + v2 (to do) （跟不定式作宾语）n资料14ni want to go traveling this summer vacation.15nim not going to ask the teacher why he gave me that grade. i intend to let the matter r

6、est.nhe likes traveling / to travel alone.n练习：练习： 49题，题，91题题16n2. v1 + 2 (v doing)：资料ni avoid meeting her because she is too talkative. 17ni dont mind your delaying making the decision as long as it is not too late.(真题真题1/ 17)练习：练习：32题，真题题，真题3/ 23183. v1 + v2 (介词介词 + doing)n(有些动词短语也要求动名词作宾语，常见的有：)np

7、ersist in/ insist on ;feel like 想， give up ; put off ; look forward to ncant help 忍不住 ; cant stand 等n练习：练习： 83题题19n4. v1 + v2 (to do 或或 doing), 但语义但语义不同不同资料资料n练习：练习： 24题，题，84题题, 真题真题 4/ 20, 真题真题4 / 2520n5. v1 + sb. / sth. + v2 (do / doing / done) (v1为感官动词) *n资料n练习练习 14题题, 真题真题2/ 2221四、四、非谓语作定语非谓语作定语

8、1.不定式作定语不定式作定语资料资料2.分词作定语，（分词作定语，（表语，宾补等）表语，宾补等） (1)现在分词表示主动意义现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示过去分词一般表示被动含意被动含意.22n the weather this summer is disappointing.n we are disappointed at his performance.23n(2)现在分词表示正在进行正在进行,过去分词表示状态状态,或做完(完成完成)的事. （资料例句）24n练习练习56， 57，n80题题 （过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是逻辑上的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系）25n3. 不定式和分词

9、作定语时的时间关系n资料n练习练习75题题26n五、非谓语动词作状语五、非谓语动词作状语 1. 不定式作结果状语资料 2.分词作状语 资料27n3.分词作状语与主语的关系n资料n练习题练习题练习题练习题88，100 28n4.分词作状语时前面可用连词n资料n5.动词不定式和分词作状语的区别n资料296.独立结构n1) 结构：(with) + n./pronoun. + doing(done, adj., prep. phrase)n资料n2) 结构： s1 , s2 . (s1和s2的主语不一致)n练习练习77题题30n1非谓语的完成式：v1 + v2 (v2 的动作发生在v1的动作之前)n资

10、料n2.不定式的进行式n（when mother came in, the child pretended to be sleeping.）练习练习17题题31n3非谓语动词的语态n资料32n七、非谓语动词常考的其它结构七、非谓语动词常考的其它结构n1.疑问词疑问词 + 不定式结构不定式结构n资料资料n2.不带不带to的不定式的不定式 33n(1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to.nfind, feel, notice, hear, observe, listen to, perceive(察觉),see, look at, overhear, watch, notice 34n(2)使

11、役动词make,1et,have. 如: let him do it. / i would have you know that i am ill. n真题真题3/ 17n资料其它资料其它35从句的重点36名词性从句 名词性从句在句中起名词,名词词组所起的作用，可用作句子的主语，表语，宾语，和介词宾语等，按其句法功能可分为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句位语从句等。37引导名词性从句的有连接词that, whether和if, 关系代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever

12、以及关系副词 when, where和 how。381.主语从句主语从句1) that 引导的主语从句引导的主语从句nthat the match will be cancelled is now certain.(that引导主语从句时不能省略引导主语从句时不能省略) that既可放在句首，也可放在句后。但为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，真正主语在句后。39用it作形式主语已经形成一些固定用法，如nit is a fact that /it is a pity thatnit is certain that / it is natural thatnit is said that / i

13、t is reported thatnit seems that / it follows that （由此可见）402) wh- 词引导的主语从句nwhat i have told you (all that i have told you) is convincing. nwhen he will come is not clear.41that 与 wh- 词引导主语从句的区别：nthat只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分；wh-词既起引导作用，又在从句中作一定成分。42 n3） whether与if 引导主语从句的n区别： whether we will go depends on th

14、e weather. n如在句首，只能用whether. 43 it is not important if / whether you win or lose. what is important is how you play the game.442. 宾语从句宾语从句1） that 引导的宾语从句（that常可省略）n我们相信他是诚实的我们相信他是诚实的nwe believe ( that) he is honest.nhe told me that the road was closed.nshe suggested that he (should) do it at once( 虚

15、拟）45 2) 如果宾语从句后跟有补语，常用如果宾语从句后跟有补语，常用it作形作形式宾语，而将从句放在宾补之后。式宾语，而将从句放在宾补之后。nwe consider it necessary that the instrument should be adjusted each time it is used.463) wh- 词引导的宾语从句nshe asked me where the post office was.nyou cant imagine what awful weather we did have.n* wh-词既起引导作用，又在宾语从句词既起引导作用，又在宾语从句中作

16、一定成分中作一定成分nwh- 宾语从句不能用倒装语序。宾语从句不能用倒装语序。47介词后可跟宾语从句n4. no one was aware of where she had gone.nhe has not change at all except that he is no longer so talkative.481. he asked me if / weather my brother was at home.2. it is a question of weather we should go.n介词后的宾语从句只能用weather.49n3. 表语从句nwhat surpris

17、ed me was that he couldnt speak english.nthat is why he was late for an hour.50表语从句中值得注意的两个问题：nhis first question was _ tom had arrived yet. n a) if b) whethernwhether 可用来引导表语从句，if 不能。51nthe reason i didnt go to school that day was _ .na)that i fell ill b) because i fell illn当主句的主语是reason时，后面所接的表语从句

18、要用that, 不能用because.524. 同位语从句同位语从句n在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用连接词连接词that引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion等抽象名词后面，。53n说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明.54例：the news that they had won the game soon spr

19、ead over the whole school.n他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。n析：they had won the game说明the news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。551同位语从句意义完整，即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。n例：the general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. n析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。56n同位

20、语从句的隔裂n练习题2857同位语从句和定语从句的区别nthe fact that he has been to college is no sign that he is cultured.nthats the best film that i have ever seen.58it 引导的强调句n结构：nit is ( was) + 被强调部分+that (who)+句子的其余部分。这种结构可用来强调除动词以外的任何句子成分。59david bought a walkman from a store yesterday.nit was david who/ that bought a wa

21、lkman from a store yesterday.nit was a walkman that david bought from a store yesterday.60nit was from a store that david bought a walkman yesterday.nit was yesterday that david bought a walkman from a store.n练习761二二. 状语从句状语从句n由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其他动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等

22、。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是一个考试重点。621.时间状语 从句：资料n he started as soon as he received the news.nonce you see him， you will never forget him.练习题6063n2.原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because， since， as ， now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时，语气不如because强。n资料264n he is disappointed because he didnt get the position. as i

23、t is raining， i will not go out. now that you mention it， i do remember.练习题 5，2965n3. 条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有：66n if, unless(除非), suppose, supposing(仅用于问句), provided, as/so long as, given that, on condition that，if onlyn注意：条件从句中的 if 不能用whether替换。 67 yo

24、u can get the job on conditionthat you have masters degree.you may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.练习题31，97 684. 让步状语从句让步状语从句 让步状语从句可由although， though， as， even if （though）， however， whatever， whether or， no matter who （when， what， ） 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。装的。资料69nchild as/ though he is， he knows a lot.n whatever （ = no matter what ） you say， ill never change my mind.70n 注意：在时间、条件、方式、注意：在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将来的动让步状语从句中，表示将来的动作用一般现在时态，不用将来时作用一般现在时态，不用将来时态。态。nif he comes to chongqing, i will treat him.715、地点状语从句、地点状语从句 引导