非谓语动词语法讲解

1、非谓语动词语法一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的 ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词： done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing ：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to doto have doneto be doing被动to be doneto have beendoneing 形主动doinghaving done式被动being donehaving b

2、eendone过去分被动done词四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never.即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing形式作主语时，用的所有格 doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间

3、关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done;之后常用to do;同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a.不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动词 ing常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如：_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk( 分析 )a good form暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名

4、词作主语，选Bb.不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for /of sb. ) to do sth.It s important for us to learn English well.It s kind of you to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It s no good / use doing sth.It s useless doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语，. 表示主语的内容。如：My job is teac

5、hing / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English是 myjob 的内容 )Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do.（主表语要用同一种形式）2、 分词作表语记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise (使某人吃惊 ) ， surprising( 令人吃惊 ) ， surprised (主语 ) 感到吃惊）类似动词有：excite (激动 ) ， astonish (惊奇) ， shock

6、 ( 震惊 ) ， scare (惊恐 ) ，disappoint (失望 ) ， move（感动），如： The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.3、 在 seem / appear (似乎，好像 ) ， prove/ turn out (被证明是 ) ， remain( 仍然是，尚待) 等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。如：He seemed (to be ) very happy.非谓语动词十大解题原则非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和 -ed 三种形式，可是其用法非常广泛，它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点，而且也是完

7、形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法，笔者在教学实践中总结出十条实用的解题原则，并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原则。根据这些原则，相信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词。原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词例 1. _ many times, but he still couldnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Having toldC. He had been told D. Though he had been told例 2_ many times, he still coul

8、dnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Having toldC. He had been told D. Though he had told解析：例 1 中有连词but 连接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案为C。例 2 中后面是一个句子，而且没有连词，所以前面不是句子，应该用非谓语动词，根据句意此处为被动，所以答案为A 。原则二、不及物动词无-ed 形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing 形式，无宾语时用 -ed 形式例 3. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally

9、saved by the local police.A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing解析： lose 为及物动词，现在后面没有宾语，所以用-ed 形式，答案为B。例 4. _, I really believe that Id prefer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into c

10、onsiderationD. Giving all the possibilities解析：把。考虑进来结构为take sth into consideration ，现在take 后面有宾语all thepossibilities ，所以用-ing 形式，答案为B。原则三、 being done 表示 “正在被 ”，一般不作状语，只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时形式 to have done 或 having done 强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前例 5. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail B. Fa

11、iled C. To fail D. Having failed解析：根据句意“我们没有打通电话，就给他们发了个邮件”，没有打通电话应该发生在发邮件之前，所以用having done，答案为D。例 6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.A. to have founded B. having foundedC. founding D. to found解析：根据句意，Tim Bemers-Lee 创立万维网应该是过

12、去的事情，而且be considered后面应该用动词不定式，所以应该用to have done，答案为A 。原则四、非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来用-to do ，表正在进行用-ing ，表示已经完成用 -ed例 7. The play_ next month aims mainly to reflect the local cultureA produced B being producedCto be produced D having been produced解析：根据本题中的时间状语next month ，可知 the play 将要于下月被创作出来，表将来应该用to do ，所以答

13、案为C。例 8.The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown down B. blown downC. blowing down D. to blow down解析：根据句意 “被暴风雨刮倒的树已经从路上移走了 ”，树被刮倒是过去已经完成的动作，表已经完成用 -ed 形式，所以答案为 B。原则五、介词后跟-ing 形式，可以在-ing 前加逻辑主语例 9. The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having been caught B.

14、the thief to be caughtC. catch the thief D. the thief being caught解析：本题led to 中的 to 是介词，后面应该用-ing 形式， the thief 作 -ing 的逻辑主语，所以答案为D 。例 10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D.

15、 to open and close解析：本题the noise of 中的of是介词，后面应该用-ing形式，desks 作 -ing 的逻辑主语，所以答案为C。原则六、 -ing 形式或 to do 可作主语或宾语，-ed 形式则不可以例 11. _ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch解析：本题中is 为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing 形式，所以答案为C。例 12 _twice a year, whe

16、ther it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.A. Examining B. ExaminedC. Being examined D. Having been examined解析：本题中is 为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing 形式，所以答案为C。原则七、 be+-ed+ 介词结构常可把be 去掉保留 -ed+ 介词做状语例 13Michael s new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one.A.

17、comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared解析： “和。相比较 ”结构为 be compared with ，现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动词 be 去掉，答案为 D 。例 14 _ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing解析： “面对 ”结构为 be faced with, 现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动词 be 去掉，答

18、案为C。原则八、非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing 形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed 形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构例 15 _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语the postman 一致， thepostma

19、n 应该是被咬，所以答案为B 。例 16._ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语he 一致 , he 和 walk 应该是主动关系，所以答案为B。例 17. While watching television, _.A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the door

20、bell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings解析：根据 “非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致”的原则，watching 的逻辑主语应和后面句子主语一致，所以句子主语应为“ we，”答案为 C。例 18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day.A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished解析：本题没有连词，所以后面应用非谓语动词，the lessons是非谓语动词

21、的逻辑主语，和非谓语动词构成独立主格结构。根据句意应是“被完成 ”，所以答案为B。原则九、不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语（表示顺其自然的结果用 -ing 形式）。另外，某些形容词（表喜、怒、哀、乐）做表语后跟不定式可以表示原因例 19 _, you need to give all you have and try your best.A. Being a winner B. To be a winnerC. Be a winner D. Having been a winner解析：根据句意“要想成为获胜者，你要付出所有，尽最大努力”，此处表目的，所以答案为 B。例 2

22、0. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told解析：本句句意为 “记者们匆匆赶到机场，却被告知明星们已经走了 ”，表出乎意料的结果常常用 only to do ，所以答案为 B。例 21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day.A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let解析：本题句意为 “玻璃门替换了木头门，自然光就进来了 ”，自然光进来时顺其自然的结果，所以用 doing, 答案为 B。例 22.How