2022届新教材高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第四册Unit5Intotheunknown课件外研版

1、unit 5into the unknown主题: 人与社会子话题: 科学精神对应教材: 必修第一册 unit 5into the wild; 必修第三册 unit 3the world of science, unit 5what an adventure! ; 选择性必修第三册 unit 4a glimpse of the future; 选择性必修第四册 unit 6space and beyondstep 1 诵读经典渗透文化意识. 细品味经典文章(2020江苏高考)i was in the middle of the amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who wa

2、s there as a medical researcher. we flew on a small plane to a faraway village. we did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. we could not have felt more foreign. we were raised on books and computers, highways and cell p

3、hones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity. it was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood. then one perfect amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. i am not good at soccer,

4、but that evening it was wonderful. everyone knew the rules. we all spoke the same language of passes and shots. we understood one another perfectly. as darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “in your home, do you h

5、ave a moon too? ” i was surprised. after i explained to juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, i felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. in juans world, each village could have its own moon. in juans world, the unknown and undiscovered

6、was vast and marvelous. anything was possible. in our society, we know that earth has only one moon. we have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. i can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of juans village. there are no more continent

7、s and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. at least it seems that way. yet, as i thought about juans question, i was not sure how much more we could really rule out. i am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and i knew that much in the

8、world of insects remains unknown. how much, though? how ignorant(无知的) are we? the question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me. i began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider. . . , and on and on they appear. my drawer quickly filled. i began a sec

9、ond drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. the second drawer began to fill and as it did, i wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that

10、 depends on things thought to be useless, life even without dna. i started a third drawer for these big discoveries. it fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills. in looking into the stories of biological discovery, i also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brillia

11、nt, occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. in looking for the stories of d

12、iscovery, i found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world. we are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. we used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters.

13、 yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name. . 按要求完成任务1. 写出与本单元有关的话题词汇。_ 2. what benefits can be brought by discovering new species? _ amazon, faraway, custom, exist, the unknown, the undiscovered, vast , marvelous, angle, ignorant. . .discovering new species

14、 is important as it helps to protect them. furthermore,new species can also produce compounds that could lead to the development ofnew medicine. step 2 固本强基锻造语言能力. 重点词汇1. bury vt. 将埋在下面【教材原句】based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown maya city buried deep in the jungle. (p50)基于这点, 他相信自己发现了

15、一座隐藏在丛林深处的不为人知的玛雅城。【词块必记】(1)bury ones head/face in hands双手抱头/掩面(2)be buried in=bury oneself in专心于be buried in thought沉思【巧学助记】 “专心于某事”的短语常见的还有: be devoted to, be absorbed in, be addicted to, be lost in, focus on, concentrate on等。【语境速测】 单句语法填空you will have to bury yourself _your studies if you want to

16、 pass the exam. he was sitting with his head _ (bury) in a book. 句式升级because he _(专心于) his books, he didnt know it was raining outside. _his books, he was not aware it was raining outside. (现在分词短语作状语) _his books, he was not aware it was raining outside. (过去分词短语作状语) inburiedburied himself in/was buri

17、ed inburying himself inburied in2. ruin n. c 残垣断壁, 废墟(常用复数); u毁灭 vt. 毁灭; 使破产【典型例句】learning is the tool to help you. to give up the pursuit of learning will ruin yourselves. 学习是帮助你的工具。放弃追求学习会毁了你们自己。【词块必记】(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟fall into ruin 衰落, 败落, 破败不堪(2)ruin vt. 毁灭; 使破产ruin our journey 破坏我们的旅行ruin

18、your career 毁掉你的事业ruin ones health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉【语境速测】 单句语法填空what surprised us is that the whole city lay in _(ruin) in such a short time. the whole town _(ruin) by the heavy storm last night. 句式升级he made a mistake, _of going abroad. (定语从句) he made a mistake, _of going abroad. (分词作状语) 他犯了个错误, 这让他失去

19、了出国的机会。ruinswas ruinedwhich ruined his chanceruining his chance3. abandon vt. 离弃; 逃离【教材原句】but the greatest mystery of all is what caused the maya to abandon most of their great cities. (p52)但最大的谜团是, 是什么导致玛雅人舍弃了他们大部分的大城市。【词块必记】(1)abandon ones hope/plan/idea放弃希望/计划/主意abandon oneself to. . . 沉湎于; 纵情于ab

20、andon doing sth. 放弃做某事(2)abandonedadj. 遗弃的; 无约束的; 无度的; 放纵的be abandoned to 沉湎于【语境速测】 单句语法填空feeling frustrated, i found myself abandoning myself to _(play) computer games. they abandoned _(carry) out the plan because of the lack of money. however, these plans _(abandon) because of financial problems.

21、playingcarryingwere abandoned句式升级as he abandoned himself to smoking, he suffered from lung cancer. _, he suffered from lung cancer. (现在分词短语作状语) _, he suffered from lung cancer. (过去分词短语作状语) abandoning himself to smokingabandoned to smoking4. investigation n. 调查【教材原句】talk about the investigations into

22、 another scientific mystery using the words and expressions in this section. (p55)用本节中的单词和表达方式谈论对另一个科学谜团的调查。【词块必记】(1)under investigation正在调查中conduct an investigation进行调查(2)investigate v. 查明, 调查investigate an incident调查事件【语境速测】 单句语法填空they made full _ (investigate)previous to reaching a conclusion. i

23、heard a noise and went downstairs _(investigate). more than 100 companies are _investigation. the expert drew a conclusion from his _ (investigate) that the disease was carried through water rather than air. investigationsto investigateunderinvestigation. 经典句式5. it contained more than 800 characters

24、, with some signs representing animals. . . 它包含800多个符号, 一些符号代表动物【句型公式】with复合结构, 即with+宾语+宾语补足语(1)with+宾语+doing(doing表示主动或正在进行的动作)(2)with+宾语+done(done表示被动或已完成的动作)(3)with+宾语+to do(to do表示将来的动作)(4)with+宾语+介词短语/adj. /adv. (5)with+宾语+adj. (6)with+宾语+adv. (7)with+宾语+n. (强调名词的特性或状态)【语境速测】 单句语法填空with so man

25、y problems _(deal with), i have to work extra time. he sat there, with his attention _(concentrate) on his book. with the guide _(lead) the way, we had no difficulty finding your house. in summer, she usually sleeps with the windows _(open). to deal withconcentratedleadingopen【文化金句】with the beautifu

26、l moon up in the sky, we sit together and eat mooncakes and fruit, sharing our stories. 美丽的月亮高挂在天空, 我们坐在一起, 吃月饼、吃水果, 分享我们的故事。【备选要点】correspond to符合于; 相当于【典型例句】through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. (p50)通过比较, 他发现已知的117个玛雅

27、城市的位置与恒星的位置一致。【词块必记】(1)correspond with与通信; 和相一致/相符合correspond to符合于; 相当于(2)correspondence n. 通信; 一致; 信件in correspondence with与有通信联系【语境速测】 单句语法填空i corresponded _mary during the months when she took care of my mother. he has been in _(correspond)with her for several years before they finally met. he a

28、ssures me that his action will correspond _his words. withcorrespondenceto/with【写作金句】i used to correspond with my friends by letters while now the internet is more convenient. 我过去常常写信与我的朋友联络, 而现在有了互联网就更方便了。step 3 强化检测提升学习能力. 单句语法填空1. (2020全国卷)the next morning he hired a boat and set _to find the wel

29、l-known painter. 2. (2020新高考全国卷)at the jorvik centre in york, the citys viking _ (settle) is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. 3. (2020江苏高考)most provinces and _(equivalently)administrative units started to lower their public health emergency response lev

30、el. outsettlementequivalent4. (2019全国卷)bacteria are an annoying problem for _(astronaut). 5. (2019北京高考)that might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or _(abandon)phone calls altogether. . . astronautsabandoning. 完成句子1. the square l

31、ooks more beautiful _. 所有的灯都亮着, 广场显得更加的美丽。2. the cliff is _no one dares to make an attempt at climbing. 悬崖如此的陡峭以至于无人敢尝试攀登。3. when you talk with an unfamiliar woman, youd better _. 当你和一个不熟悉的女士说话的时候, 你最好避开年龄。with all the lights onso steep thatsteer clear of age4. she had not said anything _. 她什么也没说这个事

32、实使我们惊讶。5. _was that he was ill. 他没来参加会议的原因是他生病了。surprised all of usthe reason why he didnt attend the meeting. 语法填空extending south from parts of what we now know as mexico into central america, maya civilisation 1. _(surround) by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. the maya built 2. _

33、 (impress)palaces and temples. 3 _is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. they applied their understanding of mathematics and astronomy 4. _the maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per

34、year. on top of all this was an has been surroundedimpressivewhattoachievement unique in the americas at that time: a true writing system. it was a writing system so complicated that, so far, no one has been able to interpret it 5. _(complete). completely the fact that maya society was technological

35、 primitive makes 6. _(it) achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. by 700 ad, maya civilisation was at its peak. yet, within just a couple of generations, it began to mys

36、teriously decline. the cities were left 7. _(take)back by the jungle. itsto be taken some research seems to indicate that the maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall. research also suggests that those natural 8. _(disaster) may have led to the decline of the maya. 9. _the rea

37、sons, maya civilization largely disappeared within the deep jungle. its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people 10. _(solve). disasterswhateverto solve直击高考培养思维品质核心素养激发学生对未知世界的好奇心, 培养学生科学探究精神和提高学生科学探究能力。高考链接2020全国卷阅读理解d; 2020全国阅读理解c; 2020天津高考阅读理解c; 2020江苏阅读理解d; 20

38、19全国卷阅读理解c; 2019全国卷阅读理解d; 2018全国卷阅读理解d; 2018江苏高考阅读理解d; 2018天津高考阅读理解c. 话题与阅读理解some scientists believe that one of the most intelligent beings on earth is in fact the octopus (章鱼). octopuses usually live at the bottom of river mouths and seas-areas which are not attractive to researchers. they are not

39、 social animals so it can be hard to study their interaction with others. and the octopus intelligence is not easy for humans to understand. when we observe some animals such as rats or dogs, we can often understand their behavior. octopuses, however can seem like aliens (外星人). scientists need to ha

40、ve a lot of imagination to understand what an octopus is thinking! in the 1950s, the us air force sponsored scientists to study the way octopuses use their brains. they hoped that they could use this knowledge to help them build better computers. however, their brains were so complex that the scient

41、ists felt it of no significance to continue with it. octopuses have a very complex nervous system and recent research suggests that they have some of their intelligence inside each arm, which means that each arm can “think” for itself. it also appears that they have a good memory, perhaps similar to

42、 a cats. perhaps the most striking thing about octopuses is their ability to change their color and body pattern. they do this to camouflage themselves to avoid their enemies and also to communicate with others. they can completely change their appearance in less than a second. it can change its ski

43、n to look like rocks, sand or plankton (浮游生物). some scientists have even suggested that these different patterns and colors are in fact a very hard language and that each design is a different verb, adjective or noun. but nobody has been able to work out what they might be saying. theres a long way

44、to go to get to know the octopus completely. 【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。一些科学家认为, 地球上最聪明的生物之一就是章鱼。但到目前为止, 人们对章鱼知之甚少。1. what can we infer about the octopus intelligence from paragraph 2? a. it does not attract scientists. b. little has been known about it. c. it is equal to the cats or dogs. d. much has been done

45、 about it. 【解析】选b。 推理判断题。第二段谈到: 章鱼通常生活在河口和海洋的底部, 这些地方对研究人员没有吸引力。它们不是群居动物, 因此很难研究它们与其他动物的交流。而且章鱼的智力也不容易被人类理解。章鱼看起来像外星人。科学家需要有丰富的想象力才能理解章鱼在想什么! 由这些可推知, 人们对章鱼的了解很少。故选b。2. what can we say about scientists study on the octopus in the 1950s? a. they had to give it up eventually. b. they used computers to

46、help. c. they found its arms could think. d. they judged it lived like a cat. 【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据第三段“however, their brains were so complex that the scientists felt it of no significance to continue with it. ”可知, 科学家发现章鱼的大脑是如此复杂, 他们觉得继续研究下去是没有用的。由此可知他们最终放弃了研究。故选a。3. what does the underlined word “camoufl

47、age” in paragraph 4 probably mean? a. relax. b. strengthen. c. hide. d. express. 【解析】选c。词义猜测题。本句前面谈到: 或许章鱼最惊人的地方在于它们改变颜色和身体形态的能力; 由本句后面的“to avoid their enemies(以逃避敌人)”可知, 它们这样做是为了伪装自己以躲避敌人。relax放松, 休息; strengthen加强, 增强; hide隐蔽, 躲避; express表达。故选c。4. what does the author think of the octopuses? a. the

48、y are the smartest animals. b. theyre easy to be seen in the sea. c. it is useful to copy their language. d. it is difficult to understand them. 【解析】选d。细节理解题。最后一段作者谈到 “theres a long way to go to get to know the octopus completely. (完全了解章鱼还有很长的路要走。)”, 可知作者认为要了解章鱼是不容易的。故选d。话题词汇intelligence, aliens, im

49、agination, research, scientist短语句式in fact, the bottom of, of no significance, seem like【微技能点拨】词义猜测题, 主要采用根据上下文来猜测词义的方法。在高考中有三种考查形式: 生词猜测词义或熟词生义、猜测句意、指代关系猜测。 一般对于生词猜测词义来说, 在短文中需要猜测其意义的词或短语, 其后面会接着出现其定义或解释。 本题中的第3题考查的就是生词猜测词义。由画线单词后表达的目的“to avoid their enemies(以躲避敌人)”可知, 章鱼是要保护它们自己。画线单词意思与avoid是相呼应的。据

50、此即可选出正确答案。 词义猜测题的解题方法有: (1)通过定义或释义方式来猜测词义; (2)通过同位关系来猜测词义; (3)通过同义或反义关系来猜测词义; (4)通过描写来猜测词义; (5)通过因果关系来猜测词义; (6)通过句法功能来猜测词义; (7)通过上下文提供的信息来猜测词义; (8)通过代词所指代的内容来猜测词义。 【微语法填空】some scientists believe that one of the most intelligent 1. _(being) on earth is in fact the octopus. octopuses usually live at t

51、he bottom of river mouths and seas-areas 2. _are not attractive to researchers. they are not social animals so it can be hard to study their interaction with others. and the octopus intelligence is not easy for humans 3. _(understand). when we observe some animals such as rats or dogs, we can often

52、understand their behavior. octopuses, however, can seem like aliens. scientists need to have a lot of 4. _(imagine) to understand what an octopus 5. _(think)! beingswhichto understandimaginationis thinkingin the 1950s, the us air force sponsored scientists to study the way octopuses use their brains

53、. they hoped that they could use this knowledge to help them build better computers. however, their brains were so complex that the scientists felt it 6. _no significance to continue with it. perhaps 7. _(strike) thing about octopuses is their ability to change their color and body pattern. some sci

54、entists have even suggested that these different patterns and colors are in fact a very hard languageand that each design is a different verb, adjective or noun. but nobody has been able to work out what they might be saying. theres a long way to go to get to know the octopus 8. _(complete). ofthe m

55、ost strikingcompletely. 话题与写作(2018天津高考改编)假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津, 你的美国朋友chris曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队, 参加即将于7月底在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛。请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件。1. 比赛的时间、地点; 2. 邀请他的原因。注意: 1. 词数80左右; 2. 可适当加入细节, 使内容充实、行文连贯; 3. 尽量使用本单元学过的词汇和短语。参考词汇: 世界青少年机器人技能竞赛 the world adolescent robotics competitionstep 1写作

56、技巧(1)要点写作 (根据汉语提示补全句子)世界青少年机器人技能竞赛将于今年7月底在天津举行。the world adolescent robotics competition _in tianjin at the end of this july. 我和我的同学们喜欢探索科学世界, 因此我们组成小组去参加比赛。my classmates and i like to explore the world of science, so we _to take part in the competition. is to be heldhave formed agroup我想知道你是否能加入并分享你

57、的经验。 i wonder whether you can join us and _. 毕竟, 你曾参加过机器人比赛并得过奖。_, you once participated in a robotics competition and won the award. 我们会遇到许多困难, 希望你能帮我们解决。we may meet a lot of difficulties and we hope you can help us _them. share your experience with usafter alldeal with作为队长, 我真诚地邀请你加入到我们当中, 我相信我们共同

58、努力一定会取得好的结果。as the group leader, i sincerely _and i am convinced that with our joint efforts we can undoubtedly get good results. invite you to join us(2)句式升级用as a result改写句。my classmates and i like to explore the world of science, _. 用定语从句改写句。we hope you can help us _. as a result, we haveformed a

59、group to take part in the competitiondeal with a lot of difficulties that we may meetstep 2妙笔成篇(运用关联词串连以上句子)_【参考范文】dear chris, i have good news to tell you. the world adolescent robotics competition is to be held in tianjin at the end of this july, which interests me greatly. my classmates and i lik

60、e to explore the world of science, as a result, we have formed a group to take part in the competition. i wonder whether you can join us and share your experience with us. after all, you once participated in a robotics competition and won the award. we hope you can help us deal with a lot of difficu